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Wendy A Untereiner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Phialophora section catenulatae disassembled new genera species and combinations and a new family encompassing taxa with cleistothecial ascomata and phialidic asexual states
    Mycologia, 2019
    Co-Authors: Wendy A Untereiner, Václav Štěpánek, Qun Yue, Li Chen, Gerald F Bills, Martina Réblová
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACTThe Pleuroascaceae (Leotiomycetes) is introduced for Phialophora hyalina (section Catenulatae) and its closest relatives based on analyses of DNA sequences of five gene regions and the comp...

  • Disentangling Phialophora section Catenulatae: disposition of taxa with pigmented conidiophores and recognition of a new subclass, Sclerococcomycetidae (Eurotiomycetes)
    Mycological Progress, 2017
    Co-Authors: Martina Réblová, Wendy A Untereiner, Václav Štěpánek, Walter Gams
    Abstract:

    A new genus Rhopalophora is described for Phialophora clavispora , a lignicolous species formerly placed in Phialophora section Catenulatae that possesses pigmented conidiophores, phialides with a single conidiogenous locus that occasionally appear as schizophialides, and clavate, aseptate conidia arranged in chains or sometimes in heads. Sexual morphs are not known for this taxon. Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences from five loci (nucSSU, ITS, nucLSU, mitSSU, rpb1 and rpb2 ) of this and related fungi supports the introduction of a new family, Sclerococcaceae, for which we establish the order Sclerococcales. This order belongs to the new subclass Sclerococcomycetidae, a strongly supported clade within the Eurotiomycetes that is basal to a lineage containing the Chaetothyriomycetidae, Coryneliomycetidae and Eurotiomycetidae. Rhopalophora clavispora fits in this new family and is closely related to an isolate of Fusichalara minuta . The Sclerococcales also encompass marine, lignicolous species of Dactylospora , two species of the lichenicolous genus Sclerococcum , and a lineage comprised of strains from the digestive tracts of Neotropical wood-inhabiting beetles. We confirm that Dactylospora is polyphyletic; the phylogenetic placement of D. parasitica , the generic type, remains unknown.

  • systematics of catenulifera anamorphic hyaloscyphaceae with an assessment of the phylogenetic position of Phialophora hyalina
    Fungal Biology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Mesfin Bogale, Maryjane Orr, Matthew J Ohara, Wendy A Untereiner
    Abstract:

    Abstract Catenulifera , typified by C. rhodogena (= Scopulariopsis rhodogena ), was established to accommodate the anamorphs of Hyphodiscus (Ascomycota , Helotiales ) and to delimit these taxa from members of Phialophora section Catenulatae . Catenulifera rhodogena has been inferred as monophyletic, but its relationship to ascomycetes with poorly differentiated phialidic anamorphs remains enigmatic. To test the hypothesis that C. rhodogena is closely related to morphologically similar species of Phialophora and to further explore the systematics of Catenulifera , we analyzed nuclear rDNA and β-tubulin gene sequences of isolates identified as C. rhodogena , Hyphodiscus hymeniophilus , P. brachyconia , P. brevicollaris and P. hyalina . ITS–LSU and ITS–LSU-β-tubulin phylogenies positioned all isolates except P. hyalina in a single, well-supported clade that consisted of three subclades. Subclade 1 included fungicolous isolates of C. rhodogena and H. hymeniophilus that did not fluoresce when exposed to long-wave UV light. Subclade 2 contained fungicolous and lignicolous strains of C. rhodogena that produced fluorescent colonies and possessed a 366 bp indel in the LSU rRNA gene. Neither lineage encompassed the ex-type strains of Cistella rubescens (= H. hymeniophilus ) or S. rhodogena , but the former isolate was inferred as sister to Subclade 2. Subclade 3 included all isolates of P. brachyconia , a species recognized here as C. brachyconia comb. nov. A fourth isolate of P. brachyconia that was extralimital to Subclade 3 is described as C. luxurians sp. nov. The positions of C. brevicollaris comb. nov., a species based on P. brevicollaris , and C. luxurians were not resolved in the ITS–LSU phylogeny. P. hyalina is not closely related to Catenulifera .

  • systematics of the Phialophora verrucosa complex new insights from analyses of β tubulin large subunit nuclear rdna and its sequencesthis paper is one of a selection of papers published in the special issue on systematics research
    Botany, 2008
    Co-Authors: Wendy A Untereiner, Martina Réblová, Andrea Angusa Angus, Maryjane Orr
    Abstract:

    Phialophora Medlar, as defined currently, is a genus encompassing melanized, anamorphic Ascomycota that produce one-celled conidia from phialides with distinct, darkened collarettes. The type speci...

  • molecular systematics of the herpotrichiellaceae with an assessment of the phylogenetic positions of exophiala dermatitidis and Phialophora americana
    Mycologia, 1999
    Co-Authors: Wendy A Untereiner, Francoise Naveau
    Abstract:

    Despite a significant body of evidence in support of the close phylogenetic relationship of species of Capronia (Herpotrichiellaceae) and black yeasts belonging to or allied with the genus Exophiala questions concerning the taxonomic importance of features furnished by ascospore, stromal and anamorph characters have remained unanswered. In order to address these issues and to elucidate more fully relationships within the family, we have sequenced a portion of the nuclear large ribosomal RNA subunit (28S), the 5.8S gene, and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) of 15 species of Capronia and 19 black yeasts assigned to the form genera Cladosporium, CladoPhialophora, Exophiala, Fonsecaea, Phaeococcomyces, Phialophora, Ramichloridium and Rhinocladiella. Cladistic analysis of these data confirmed the monophyly of the Herpotrichiellaceae but did not support the division of the genus Capronia on the basis of conidial ontogeny, pattern of ascospore septation, or the degree of stromal development. Homothallic species of Capronia with 8-spored asci, muriform ascospores and Exophiala anamorphs formed a well-supported lineage that included the medically important species Exophiala dermatitidis. Capronia mansonii and Capronia munkii, morphologically similar taxa isolated from the wood of Populus, were inferred as closely related but separate species. The clade comprising members of the Herpotrichiellaceae that possess Cladosporium-like and Phialophora anamorphs was also strongly supported. Available molecular evidence indicates that Dictyotrichiella semiimmersa and Phialophora americana are teleomorph and anamorph states of a single holomorph. Cladistic analysis also confirmed that the genera CladoPhialophora and Ramichloridium are polyphyletic. The anamorphs of Capronia nigerrima and Dictyotmchiella semiimmersa are described and illustrated, and the combination Capronia semiimmersa is proposed.

G. S. De Hoog - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Combination of Amphotericin B and Terbinafine against Melanized Fungi Associated with Chromoblastomycosis
    Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2018
    Co-Authors: Shuwen Deng, G. S. De Hoog, L. Yang, Roxana G. Vitale, Haleh Rafati, M. Seyedmousavi, Ali Tolooe, Wanqing Liao
    Abstract:

    Our in vitro studies showed that a combination of amphotericin B and terbinafine had synergistic effects against the majority of melanized fungi associated with chromoblastomycosis (CBM) and similar infections, including those with CladoPhialophora carrionii , CladoPhialophora arxii , Exophiala dermatitidis , Exophiala spinifera , Fonsecaea monophora , Fonsecaea nubica , Fonsecaea pedrosoi , and Phialophora verrucosa. This drug combination could provide an option for the treatment of severe or unresponsive cases of CBM, particularly in cases due to species of Fonsecaea and CladoPhialophora .

  • novel Phialophora species from leaf cutting ants tribe attini
    Fungal Diversity, 2014
    Co-Authors: Derlene Attiliangelis, A P M Duarte, Fernando C Pagnocca, N S Nagamoto, M De Vries, J B Stielow, G. S. De Hoog
    Abstract:

    Ants in the tribe Attini (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) maintain a 50 million-year-old lifestyle of co-evolution with symbiotic basidiomycetous fungi which they cultivate as essential source of nutrition. However, other microorganisms have been reported from ant habitats indicating a higher diversity of consistently associated species than established to date. Recently, black yeast-like fungi have been reported as a possible symbiont, like a competitor of the actinomycete bacteria that grow in the integument of the insects. During the mating season, gynes of Atta capiguara and A. laevigata were collected from nests located in Botucatu, SP, Brazil and sampled using flotation technique. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS, partial 28S (LSU) and β-tubulin sequences revealed the occurrence of two novel species of Phialophora among the melanized fungi isolated.

  • subcutaneous granuloma caused by Phialophora richardiae case report and review of the literature Phialophora richardsiae bedingtes subkutanes granulom fallbeschreibung und literaturubersicht
    Mycoses, 2009
    Co-Authors: E Gueho, A Bonnefoy, J Luboinski, J C Petit, G. S. De Hoog
    Abstract:

    Summary: A phaeomycotic cyst in a 47-year-old man, caused by Phialophora richardsiae, was treated successfully by excision. A critical review of the literature indicates that the pathological course of P. richardsiae infections usually follows a similar pattern to that of the present case, viz. generation of a well-defined and limited nodule following traumatic subcutaneous introduction of the fungus. The nodule typically accumulates a viscous yellow fluid. The infection remains localized, often being encapsulated by a fibrous layer; adenopathy is not observed. Concomitant bacterial infections are also common; in the present case Pseudomonas stutzeri was identified. Neither bacterial nor fungal infection recurred after surgery. Zusammenfassung: Eine Phaeohyphomykose verursacht durch Phialophora richardshe bei einem 47-jahrigen Mann, wurde durch chirurgische Entfernung der Zyste erfolgreich behandelt. Die Durchsicht der Literatur zeigt, das der Verlauf einer P. richardsiae-Infektion, ahnlich wie bei unserem Fall, einem bestimmten Muster folgt: Regelmasig bildet sich nach der traumatischen, subkutanen Infektion ein umschriebener Knoten. Die Zyste enthalt eine viskose, gelbliche Flussigkeit und wird oft durch eine Fibrinschicht eingekapselt. Eine Adenopathie wird nicht beobachtet. Eine gleichzeitige bakterielle Infektion ist haufig; im vorliegenden Fall handelt es sich um Pseudomonas stutzeri Keine der beiden Infektionen trat nach der Entfernung der Zyste erneut auf.

  • a new species Phialophora europaea causing superficial infections in humans eine neue art Phialophora europaea als erreger oberflachlicher infektionen beim menschen
    Mycoses, 2000
    Co-Authors: G. S. De Hoog, Peter Mayser, Gerhard Haase, R Horre, A M Horrevorts
    Abstract:

    Summary.  A new species, Phialophora europaea, member of the P. verrucosa complex, is introduced. It is distinguished from existing species by reduced, flaring phialidic collarettes and inability to assimilate melibiose as sole source of carbon. Analysis of ITS1 and 2 rDNA of six strains attributed to the species show it to be clearly individualized. All strains originated from cutaneous and nail infections of humans in North-western Europe. A key to morphologically similar taxa is provided.

  • a new species Phialophora europaea causing superficial infections in humans
    Mycoses, 2000
    Co-Authors: G. S. De Hoog, Peter Mayser, Gerhard Haase, R Horre, A M Horrevorts
    Abstract:

    A new species, Phialophora europaea, member of the P. verrucosa complex, is introduced. It is distinguished from existing species by reduced, flaring phialidic collarettes and inability to assimilate melibiose as sole source of carbon. Analysis of ITS1 and 2 rDNA of six strains attributed to the species show it to be clearly individualized. All strains originated from cutaneous and nail infections of humans in North-western Europe. A key to morphologically similar taxa is provided.

C J K Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

E Ward - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • rapd based inter and intravarietal classification of fungi of the gaeumannomyces Phialophora complex
    Journal of Phytopathology, 1999
    Co-Authors: Claudia Augustin, Kristina Ulrich, E Ward, Armin Werner
    Abstract:

    The suitability of randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPD) for differentiation at the varietal and intravarietal level was tested on several hundred isolates of the gaeumannomyces-Phialophora (G-P) complex from different geographic locations and host plants. Amplification products obtained using two decamer primers allowed differentiation between gaeumannomyces graminis and gaeumannomyces cylindrosporus and between the three varieties of gaeumannomyces graminis, as well as further division at the intravarietal level. Thus, isolates of the causal agent of take-all on cereals, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici were divided into six subgroups by amplification with these two primers. There is some evidence for an association between host preference and RAPD subgroups but further work is needed to confirm this and to determine the importance of these subgroups. This fast and easy method is a useful tool for investigating the occurrence and distribution of this pathogen and for studying changes in the populations of species and subgroups of Gaeumannomyces in cereal cropping systems Zusammenfassung Interund intravarietale Klassifitierung der Pilze des Gaeumanno-myces-Phialophora Komplexes mit Hilfe der RAPD-PCR Ziel der Untersuchungen war es zu prufen, ob sich die RAPD-PCR zur sicheren und schnellen Differenzierung der Pilze des Gaeumannomyces-Phialophora Komplexes auf inter- und intravarietaler Ebene eignet. Hierzu erfolgten Untersuchungen an mehr als 700 Isolaten dieser Pilzgruppe von unterschiedlicher geographischer Herkunft [Mit Hilfe von zwei Dekamerprimern war es moglich, sowohl zwischen Gaeumannomyces graminis und Gaeumannomyces cylindrosporus als auch zwischen den Varietaten von Gaeumannomyces graminis zu unterscheiden. Daruber hinaus konnte auch eine Subklassifizierung auf der intravarietalen Ebene vorgenommen werden. Im Ergebnis dessen ergab sich eine Differenzierung der Isolate der phytopathogen bedeutenden Varietat tritici (Erreger der Schwarzbeinigkeit an Getreide) in sechs Subgruppen. Des weiteren deutet sichein Zusammenhang zwischen Wirtspflanzen-Praferenz und den RAPD-Subgruppen an. Zur Aufklarung der Bedeutung dieser Befunde bedarf es jedoch weiterfuhrender Untersuchungen. Dennoch lassen die bereits vorliegenden Resultate klar erkennen, das es sich bei der RAPD-PCR um eine schnelle und zuverlassige Methode zur Differenzierung der Pilze des Gaeumannomyces-Phialophora Komplexes handelt. Damit durften sich auch neue Perspektiven zur prazisen Erfassung des Auftretens und der Verbreitung bzw. zur Populationsanalyse der Arten, Varietaten und Subgruppen des Gaeumannomyces Phialophora-Komplexes in verschiedenen Getreideanbausystemen ergeben.

  • comparison of gaeumannomyces and Phialophora like fungal pathogens from maize and other plants using dna methods
    New Phytologist, 1999
    Co-Authors: E Ward, G L Bateman
    Abstract:

    Several DNA-based techniques, developed for identifying and differentiating fungi in the Gaeumannomyces–Phialophora complex associated with take-all diseases of cereals and grasses, were used to compare fungi from maize. Maize isolates obtained as G. graminis (Sacc.) Arx & H Olivier var. tritici Walker, from the UK, having been identified by ascospore morphology and in pathogenicity tests on wheat, were indistinguishable from isolates of the same variety obtained from wheat. Isolates of G. graminis (Sacc.) Arx & H Olivier var. maydis Yao et al., recently described as the maize take-all fungus from China, were identical in DNA tests to the anamorphic fungus Phialophora radicicola Cain and almost identical to Phialophora zeicola Deacon & Scott, whose description was originally based on isolates from South Africa and France. These species appear to represent the holomorph of the same fungus. The late wilt pathogen of maize, from India and Egypt, commonly known as Cephalosporium maydis Samra et al., but suggested as being the Phialophora anamorph of a Gaeumannomyces species, was closely related to other Gaeumannomyces species included in the tests.

  • identification of fungi in the gaeumannomyces Phialophora complex by rflps of pcr amplified ribosomal dnas
    Fungal Biology, 1994
    Co-Authors: E Ward, Andrews Y. Akrofi
    Abstract:

    The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and 5·8S DNA from isolates of Gaeumannomyces graminis, Phialophora graminicola and other root-infecting fungi, isolated mostly from cereals and grasses. Different restriction enzymes were used to digest these amplified rDNAs to find polymorphisms useful in identification. Most of the enzymes tested were useful for discriminating between G. graminis and P. graminicola, and three enzymes (Dde I, Hae III and Hha I) could be used to distinguish between the varieties of G. graminis (tritici, avenae and graminis). However, a few atypical isolates gave intermediate RFLP patterns. The method was found to discriminate between Gaeumannomyces-Phialophora fungi and other organisms and identify G. graminis var. tritici and P. graminicola on infected wheat roots. The approach is a useful addition to the techniques available for the identification of fungi in the Gaeumannomyces-Phialophora complex.

  • identification of gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici and g graminis var avenae using a dna probe and non molecular methods
    Fungal Biology, 1992
    Co-Authors: G L Bateman, E Ward, J F Antoniw
    Abstract:

    Fungi in the Gaeumannomyces-Phialophora complex were compared using a DNA probe and by pathogenicity and other biological tests. Isolates from cereal and grass hosts which were pathogenic on cereals were differentiated as G. graminis var. tritici or G. graminis var. avenae on the basis of pathogenicity tests on wheat and oat seedlings, ascospore measurements and comparison of growth rates on oat-leaf agar. DNA was extracted from pure cultures of these isolates and also from non-pathogenic isolates of Phialophora spp. from cereals, grasses and sedges, and from fungi of other genera. The samples were digested with restriction enzymes, separated by electrophoresis on agarose gels and hybridized with a radio-labelled DNA probe (pMSU315) known to have homology almost exclusively with DNA from fungi within the complex. Thirty-three isolates of G. graminis var. tritici and 20 of G. graminis var. avenae , previously identified by the much slower non-molecular methods, produced distinctive restriction fragment length polymorphisms after digestion with Bam HI. In particular, a prominent band of a 2·9 kb fragment occurred in all isolates and was diagnostic for these two take-all pathogens. The same result was obtained using a non-radioactive method for labelling the probe. The possible value of using pMSU315 in this way as a diagnostic test for the take-all pathogens is discussed.

Martina Réblová - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.