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Cassia Monica Sakuragui - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Corrigendum to: Anatomy of the adventitious roots of Philodendron (Araceae) and its importance for the systematics of the genus
Australian Systematic Botany, 2020Co-Authors: Rafaela De Oliveira Ferreira, Cassia Monica Sakuragui, Ricardo Cardoso Vieira, Ana Cristina Campos Borges, Juan Augusto Rodrigues Dos Campos, Artur Manoel Leite Medeiros, Vitor TenorioAbstract:The genus Philodendron Schott comprises the following three currently accepted subgenenera: P. subg. Philodendron, P. subg. Pteromischum and P. subg. Meconostigma; however, these lack a well-defined classification. In the present study, we examined anatomically samples of adventitious roots in species of the group, so as to establish aspects relevant for taxonomic purposes. The anatomical analyses emphasised the characteristics of the steles in cross-sections of the root samples from regions near the apex to the most mature zones. A species of a closely related genus Adelonema, namely A. crinipes, was included in the study to clarify the results. Our results indicated notable differences in the species of the subgenus Meconostigma, mainly in terms of the presence (and variations) of a lobed stele, whereas the cylindrical stele stood out among the common characteristics in P. subg. Philodendron, P. subg. Pteromischum and the related species A. crinipes. Moreover, the characteristics shared by P. subg. Philodendron and P. subg. Pteromischum corroborated the phylogenetic hypothesis that these two taxa were more closely related to one another than to P. subg. Meconostigma.
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anatomy of the adventitious roots of Philodendron araceae and its importance for the systematics of the genus
Australian Systematic Botany, 2020Co-Authors: Rafaela De Oliveira Ferreira, Cassia Monica Sakuragui, Ricardo Cardoso Vieira, Ana Cristina Campos Borges, Juan Augusto Rodrigues Dos Campos, Artur Manoel Leito Medeiros, Vitor TenorioAbstract:The genus Philodendron Schott comprises the following three currently accepted subgenenera: P. subg. Philodendron, P. subg. Pteromischum and P. subg. Meconostigma; however, these lack a well-defined classification. In the present study, we examined anatomically samples of adventitious roots in species of the group, so as to establish aspects relevant for taxonomic purposes. The anatomical analyses emphasised the characteristics of the steles in cross-sections of the root samples from regions near the apex to the most mature zones. A species of a closely related genus Adelonema, namely A. crinipes, was included in the study to clarify the results. Our results indicated notable differences in the species of the subgenus Meconostigma, mainly in terms of the presence (and variations) of a lobed stele, whereas the cylindrical stele stood out among the common characteristics in P. subg. Philodendron, P. subg. Pteromischum and the related species A. crinipes. Moreover, the characteristics shared by P. subg. Philodendron and P. subg. Pteromischum corroborated the phylogenetic hypothesis that these two taxa were more closely related to one another than to P. subg. Meconostigma.
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Pollination of Philodendron propinquum Schott (Araceae): A New Pattern in the Lineage Philodendron
International Journal of Plant Sciences, 2019Co-Authors: Juliana Ferreira Barbosa, Cassia Monica Sakuragui, Daniela RodriguesAbstract:Premise of research. Philodendron subg. Pteromischum has different floral traits and smaller inflorescence size than other species from the Philodendron lineage (genus Thaumatophyllum and P. subgenus Philodendron). We examined the flowering cycle, thermogenesis, and effective pollinators of Philodendron propinquum (P. subgenus Pteromischum) and compared them with the pattern described for Thaumatophyllum and P. subgenus Philodendron.Methodology. A population of P. propinquum was monitored at Reserva Biologica do Tingua in southeastern Brazil. Through both instantaneous and continuous observations, we recorded spadix temperature dynamics and opening and closing, as well as flower visitors. Visitors were collected for identification and analysis of pollen loads. To detect whether spontaneous self-fertilization occurs, inflorescences were bagged before spathe opening. Flower consumption by pollinators was also recorded.Pivotal results. The flowering cycle in P. propinquum lasted 2 d, during which the small s...
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new insights on the phylogenetic relationships among the traditional Philodendron subgenera and the other groups of the homalomena clade araceae
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2018Co-Authors: Santelmo Vasconcelos, Thomas B. Croat, Cassia Monica Sakuragui, Maria De Lourdes Soares, Guilherme Oliveira, Ana Maria BenkoisepponAbstract:Abstract Philodendron (Araceae) is one of the largest Neotropical plant genera, with approximately 500 species and at least 1000 species predicted. There is a considerable ecological diversity in the group, although most species occur in the humid forests of tropical America. Despite being relatively well-studied in taxonomic analyses, the relationships among the traditional morphological groups of the genus are not well-established, mainly regarding the three traditional subgenera, referred here as Philodendron sensu lato (s.l.), P. subg. Pteromischum, P. subg. Philodendron and P. subg. Meconostigma, which was recently recognized as a separate genus, Thaumatophyllum. Therefore, the present work evaluates the phylogenetic position and the monophyly of Philodendron s.l. and its three main subdivisions, and the sister groups within the Homalomena clade, which also includes the Neotropical genus Adelonema, the two Asian genera Homalomena and Furtadoa, and the two African genera Cercestis and Culcasia, by means of molecular phylogenetic approaches including chloroplast DNA (atpF-atpH, rpl32-trnL, trnQ-5′-rps16 and trnV-ndhC) and nuclear (ITS2) markers. The monophyly of Philodendron s.l. and its three lineages is confirmed and our analyses corroborate previous morphologic data indicating Thaumatophyllum as sister to the clade formed by P. subg. Pteromischum and P. subg. Philodendron.
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floral structure of Philodendron propinquum araceae and a comparative study of the Philodendron subgenera
Flora, 2018Co-Authors: Juliana Ferreira Barbosa, Daniela Rodrigues, Juliana V Paulino, Cassia Monica SakuraguiAbstract:Abstract Philodendron flowers are numerous, small, unisexual or sterile, without perianth and exclusively pollinated by beetles, representing an Angiosperm-ancient pollination syndrome. Species of the genus are traditionally classified under three subgenera, P. subgenus Philodendron, P. subgenus Meconostigma, and P. subgenus Pteromischum. In recent phylogenetic analyses, two main lineages of Philodendron were recovered, Meconostigma and a Pteromischum + Philodendron lineage. Although a modest advance in the knowledge of the evolutionary history of the genus has been made, little attention has been paid to floral morphology in this group, in particular to structural studies on flowers of P . subg. Pteromischum in light of pollination biology. Our aims were (i) to investigate the flower structure of P. propinquum ( P . subg. Pteromischum ) through light and scanning electron microscopy and histochemistry; and (ii) to compare relevant floral characters among the three subgenera. Flowers of P. propinquum , which is endemic to the Atlantic Forest, are described for the first time. The pistillate flower presents a shallow, broad compitum, and a large number of ovules per locule; pistillate and staminate flowers present subepidermal druses; sterile units present raphids and starch grains; the papillose epidermal cells from sterile units and staminate flowers present terpene contents and stomata, probably representing diffuse osmophores. Our analysis suggests that the balance between pollen uptake (stylar lobes) and accessibility to the locules (stylar canals and compitum) were decisive to drive gynoecium evolution of the Philodendron genus. The presence and location of druses and raphides in stamen and gynoecium indicate a protective function against florivores.
Thomas B. Croat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Philodendron joaosilvae, a New Species of Philodendron, subgenus Philodendron, section Philodendron ( Araceae) from Brazil
2020Co-Authors: Thomas B. Croat, André Luiz De Rezende, Cardoso, Joep MoonenAbstract:A species of Philodendron, subgenus Philodendron, section Philodendron (Araceae) from Brazil, Philodendron joaosilvae Croat, A. Cardoso & Moonen is described as new.
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New taxa of Anthurium and Philodendron (Araceae) from western
2020Co-Authors: Thomas B. Croat, Emily D. Yates, Douglas A. HayworthAbstract:Croat, T. B., Yates, E. D. & Hayworth, A.: New taxa of Anthurium and Philodendron (Araceae)
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A review of Philodendron subg. Philodendron (Araceae) from South America with the descriptions of 22 new species
Webbia, 2019Co-Authors: Thomas B. Croat, Thomas E. Mines, Carla V. KostelacAbstract:A history of the species described in Philodendron subg. Philodendron is presented and 22 species of Philodendron subg. Philodendron are published as new from South America: P. bucayense Croat, P. ...
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a new species of Philodendron araceae from sucre department colombia
Novon, 2019Co-Authors: Jose Jorge Percy Beltran, Dairo Carrascal Prasca, Thomas B. CroatAbstract:A new species, Philodendron montemariense Croat, J. J. Percy & Carrascal, is described from the Reserva Forestal Protectora Serrania de Coraza, in the department of Sucre, Colombia. The species is a member of subgenus Philodendron, section Philodendron, series Fibrosa Croat. It is most similar to P. asplundii Croat & M. L. Soares, but has stems with fewer persisting cataphyll fibers and more broadly ovate leaf blades, which typically dry gray above and grayish yellow-green below, and which have fewer primary lateral veins that are undulated on the upper surface when dried.
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out of amazonia and back again historical biogeography of the species rich neotropical genus Philodendron araceae
Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2019Co-Authors: Duban Canal, Thomas B. Croat, Nils Koster, Thomas Borsch, Marcela Celis, Katy E JonesAbstract:The origin of Neotropical species diversity is strongly associated with the geological history of South America. Since the Miocene, a number of species radiations across different Neotropical lineages coincided with the rise of the Andes and the formation of the Isthmus of Panama. The species-rich genus Philodendron Schott (Araceae) is widely distributed across Neotropical rainforests, originating in the Late Oligocene and diversifying more intensely from the Miocene onward. It is likely that its diversification process and distribution patterns are associated with recent geological changes in the Americas. To test this hypothesis, we sampled the species diversity of Philodendron across its entire geographic range and used a combination of three non-coding plastid regions (petD, rpl16, and trnK/matK) to obtain a comprehensive time-calibrated phylogeny. We then inferred geographic range evolution and explored the impact of the Andean orogeny on speciation, extinction, and dispersal. The genus Philodendron originated ∼29 million years ago (mya) and experienced the earliest diversification events ∼25 mya in the Pan-Amazonian rainforests. From the Middle Miocene onward, multiple geographic range expansion events occurred from Amazonia to southeast Brazil and to the area which would become the Choco and the northern Andes. From the Pliocene onward, Philodendron reached Central America and the Caribbean islands, and Andean lineages recolonized and diversified in Amazonia. In Philodendron, higher diversification rates are found in the adjacent lowland rainforests of the northern Andes compared with other regions in the Neotropics, demonstrating a potential indirect impact of the Andean uplift on species radiations in lowland regions.
Denis Barabe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Thermogenic Patterns in Philodendron ornatum and P. grandifolium: A Comparative Analysis
2020Co-Authors: Denis Barabe, Marc GibernauAbstract:Spadix temperature was measured in two species of Philodendron (subgenus Philodendron): P. ornatum and P. grandifolium. Temperature differences between the spadix (male zone) and ambient air for P. grandifolium and P. ornatum showed the same pattern in both species. Two clear peaks appeared during two successive nights, and otherwise there was little or no difference between air and spadix temperatures. In P. grandifolium male flowers were 4.2-
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molecular phylogeny of the genus Philodendron araceae delimitation and infrageneric classification
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008Co-Authors: Mariepierre L Gauthier, Denis Barabe, Anne BruneauAbstract:The genus Philodendron (Araceae) is a large neotropical group whose classification remains unclear. Previous classifications are based on morphological characters, mainly from the inflorescence, flower and leaf shape. The classification by Krause, with few modifications, is still the most commonly used system. To examine phylogenetic relationships in the genus, two ribosomal DNA nuclear markers, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and external transcribed spacer (ETS), and the chloroplast intron rpl16, were sequenced and analysed for more than 80 species of Philodendron and its close relative Homalomena. According to the resulting phylogeny, the genus Homalomena may be paraphyletic to the genus Philodendron. The inclusion of the American Homalomena species within the genus Philodendron might resolve this taxonomic problem. All three subgenera of Philodendron were revealed as monophyletic. Below the subgeneric level, the groups obtained in our phylogeny globally correspond to sections recognized in previous classifications. Among the morphological characters used by previous taxonomists to build their classifications, and which we optimized onto one of the most parsimonious trees, most characters were found to be homoplasious. However, leaf shape, characteristics of the sterile zone on the spadix and venation patterns are useful for delimiting subgenera and sections within the genus. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 156, 13‐27.
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a comparative study of inflorescence characters and pollen ovule ratios among the genera Philodendron and anthurium araceae
International Journal of Plant Sciences, 2006Co-Authors: Mathieu Chouteau, Denis Barabe, Marc GibernauAbstract:Floral characters in angiosperms may be involved in different relationships in order to ensure and maximize pollination. To assess these relationships, which may provide insight to understand floral evolution, we analyzed 14 floral characters in 23 species of Philodendron and 20 species of Anthurium, which are tropical long‐living plants bearing spadiciform inflorescences. Contrary to what has been reported in the literature, no correlations were found between the pollen volume and either the style depth or the stigma depth. The trade‐off between pollen size and number normally explained by limited resources was found only in Philodendron. Instead, pollen number was positively correlated with the inflorescence peduncle diameter. The higher range of variation of inflorescence peduncle diameters in Anthurium may explain the lack of correlation between pollen size and number. These results suggest that adaptive constraints driving pollen size and number could differ in the Philodendron and Anthurium genera f...
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A Comparative Study of Inflorescence Characters and Pollen‐Ovule Ratios among the Genera Philodendron and Anthurium (Araceae)
International Journal of Plant Sciences, 2006Co-Authors: Mathieu Chouteau, Denis Barabe, Marc GibernauAbstract:Floral characters in angiosperms may be involved in different relationships in order to ensure and maximize pollination. To assess these relationships, which may provide insight to understand floral evolution, we analyzed 14 floral characters in 23 species of Philodendron and 20 species of Anthurium, which are tropical long‐living plants bearing spadiciform inflorescences. Contrary to what has been reported in the literature, no correlations were found between the pollen volume and either the style depth or the stigma depth. The trade‐off between pollen size and number normally explained by limited resources was found only in Philodendron. Instead, pollen number was positively correlated with the inflorescence peduncle diameter. The higher range of variation of inflorescence peduncle diameters in Anthurium may explain the lack of correlation between pollen size and number. These results suggest that adaptive constraints driving pollen size and number could differ in the Philodendron and Anthurium genera f...
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the game of numbers in homeotic flowers of Philodendron araceae
Botany, 2004Co-Authors: Denis Barabe, Christian Lacroix, Bernard JeuneAbstract:In Philodendron, pistillate flowers are initiated on the proximal portion of the inflorescence and staminate flowers are initiated on the distal portion. Between the staminate and pistillate flowers, there is a transition zone con- sisting of sterile male flowers adjacent to the male zone and a row of atypical bisexual flowers between the sterile male zone and the female zone. The portion of the atypical bisexual flower facing the male zone forms stamens, and the portion facing the female zone develops into an incomplete gynoecium with few carpels. The atypical bisexual flowers of Philodendron are believed to be a case of homeosis where carpels are replaced by sterile stamens on the same whorl. In Philodendron melinonii Brongniart ex Regel, Philodendron pedatum (Hooker) Kunth, Philodendron squamiferum Poeppig., and Philodendron solimoesense A.C. Smith, there is a significant quantitative relationship be- tween the number of carpels and the number of staminodes involved in the homeotic transformation in atypical bisex- ual flowers. On the other hand, such a significant correlation does not exist in Philodendron fragrantissimum (Hooker) Kunth and Philodendron insigne Schott, and Philodendron callosum K. Krause. There is a one to one organ replace- ment in homeotic flowers in both P. pedatum and P. squamiferum whereas, in P. solimoesense, an average of 2.56 staminodes replace one carpel. The average number of organs developing on an atypical bisexual flower and the num- ber of organs involved in a homeotic transformation appear to be two independent phenomena. The number of carpels in female flowers is correlated with the maximum total number of appendages (carpels and staminodes) that can de- velop in atypical bisexual flowers. Resume : Chez les Philodendron, les fleurs pistillees sont inserees dans la partie inferieure de l'inflorescence et les fleurs staminees dans la partie superieure. Entre la zone femelle et la zone mâle, se trouve une zone intermediaire formee de fleurs steriles mâles. Une rangee de fleurs bisexuees atypiques est presente entre la zone sterile et la zone femelle. La partie des fleurs bisexuees atypiques, placee du cote de la zone sterile, est formee de staminodes, et la partie situee du cote des fleurs femelles se developpe en un gynecee incomplet. Les fleurs bisexuees atypiques des Phi- lodendron presentent un cas d'homeosis ou les carpelles sont remplaces par des staminodes sur un meme verticille. Chez les Philodendron melinonii Brongniart ex Regel, Philodendron pedatum (Hooker) Kunth, Philodendron squamife- rum Poeppig et Philodendron solimoesense A.C. Smith, il existe une relation quantitative significative entre le nombre de carpelles et le nombre de staminodes impliques dans une transformation homeotique, chez les fleurs bisexuees atypi- ques. On ne retrouve pas cette correlation significative chez les Philodendron fragrantissimum (Hooker) Kunth, Philo- dendron insigne Schott, et Philodendron callosum K. Krause. En moyenne, chez les P. pedatum ,e tP. squamiferum ,u n staminode remplace un carpelle, alors que chez le P. solimoesence 2,56 staminodes remplacent un carpelle. Le nombre moyen d'organes se developpant dans les fleurs bisexuees atypiques et le nombre d'organes impliques dans une trans- formation homeotique semblent provenir de deux phenomenes independants. Le nombre de carpelles presents dans les fleurs femelles est correle avec le nombre maximum d'appendices (carpelles et staminodes) pouvant se former dans les fleurs bisexuees atypiques. Mots cles : developpement, inflorescence, gradient, position, information.
Marc Gibernau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Thermogenic Patterns in Philodendron ornatum and P. grandifolium: A Comparative Analysis
2020Co-Authors: Denis Barabe, Marc GibernauAbstract:Spadix temperature was measured in two species of Philodendron (subgenus Philodendron): P. ornatum and P. grandifolium. Temperature differences between the spadix (male zone) and ambient air for P. grandifolium and P. ornatum showed the same pattern in both species. Two clear peaks appeared during two successive nights, and otherwise there was little or no difference between air and spadix temperatures. In P. grandifolium male flowers were 4.2-
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differential accumulation of volatile organic compounds by leaves and roots of two guianese Philodendron species p fragrantissimum kunth and p melinonii brongn
Chemistry & Biodiversity, 2017Co-Authors: Nina Joffard, Marc Gibernau, Laurent Legendre, Laurence PascalAbstract:: Leaf and root essential oils of two closely related but ecologically distant Philodendron species were extracted in natural conditions in French Guiana and analysed by GC/MS to i) describe the blends of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by those species and ii) analyse species and environment-based variations in extracts composition. A total of 135 VOCs were detected with a majority of aliphatic sesquiterpenes. P. fragrantissimum produced mainly β-bisabolene (on average 29.12% of the extract) as well as α- and β-selinene (14.52% and 17.50%, respectively) while in P. melinonii, four aliphatic sesquiterpenes could alternatively be the main component: (E)-β-farnesene (up to 91.42% of the extract), germacrene-D (73.74%), β-caryophyllene (51.63%) and trans-α-bergamotene (41.26%). A significant effect of species and organs on extracts composition was observed while the environment (sun exposure) only affected the relative proportions of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in roots of P. melinonii. These results are discussed in the light of the potential role of leaf and root terpenes in Philodendron species.
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respiration of thermogenic inflorescences of Philodendron melinonii natural pattern and responses to experimental temperatures
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2008Co-Authors: Roger S Seymour, Marc GibernauAbstract:The patterns of temperature and respiratory changes in the protogynous inflorescences of Philodendron melinonii (Araceae) were studied in the field in French Guiana. These are the first respiratory measurements from a member of the large subgenus Philodendron, a group previously thought to lack thermoregulatory inflorescences, in contrast to thermoregulatory Philodendron species of the subgenus Meconostigma. Heating by the male and sterile male florets was strong on the first evening of anthesis when beetles are attracted and the female florets are receptive. Heat production of the inflorescence peaked at ∼0.9 W and spadix temperature reached ∼39.5 °C, a level somewhat independent of ambient temperature. Thermogenesis continued throughout the night and the next day, but at a lower level, and floral temperatures fell. On the second evening, when pollen was shed, there was a small elevation in respiration and spadix temperature. Responses of cut spadix sections to experimental step changes in ambient temperature resulted in a prompt response in floral temperature and respiration rate in the direction of the change and then a much slower regulatory adjustment in the opposite direction. These responses are consistent with an immediate van 't Hoff effect, followed by up- or down-regulation of thermogenesis. However, the responses required several hours. It is concluded that the male floret tissues possess the same thermoregulatory mechanism of more precise thermoregulatory species, but a combination of small spadix size (that favours heat loss), moderate thermogenic capacity (that limits heating rate), and slow reaction time (that causes long lags between temperature change and the regulatory response) result in poor thermoregulatory performance during the second day.
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a comparative study of inflorescence characters and pollen ovule ratios among the genera Philodendron and anthurium araceae
International Journal of Plant Sciences, 2006Co-Authors: Mathieu Chouteau, Denis Barabe, Marc GibernauAbstract:Floral characters in angiosperms may be involved in different relationships in order to ensure and maximize pollination. To assess these relationships, which may provide insight to understand floral evolution, we analyzed 14 floral characters in 23 species of Philodendron and 20 species of Anthurium, which are tropical long‐living plants bearing spadiciform inflorescences. Contrary to what has been reported in the literature, no correlations were found between the pollen volume and either the style depth or the stigma depth. The trade‐off between pollen size and number normally explained by limited resources was found only in Philodendron. Instead, pollen number was positively correlated with the inflorescence peduncle diameter. The higher range of variation of inflorescence peduncle diameters in Anthurium may explain the lack of correlation between pollen size and number. These results suggest that adaptive constraints driving pollen size and number could differ in the Philodendron and Anthurium genera f...
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A Comparative Study of Inflorescence Characters and Pollen‐Ovule Ratios among the Genera Philodendron and Anthurium (Araceae)
International Journal of Plant Sciences, 2006Co-Authors: Mathieu Chouteau, Denis Barabe, Marc GibernauAbstract:Floral characters in angiosperms may be involved in different relationships in order to ensure and maximize pollination. To assess these relationships, which may provide insight to understand floral evolution, we analyzed 14 floral characters in 23 species of Philodendron and 20 species of Anthurium, which are tropical long‐living plants bearing spadiciform inflorescences. Contrary to what has been reported in the literature, no correlations were found between the pollen volume and either the style depth or the stigma depth. The trade‐off between pollen size and number normally explained by limited resources was found only in Philodendron. Instead, pollen number was positively correlated with the inflorescence peduncle diameter. The higher range of variation of inflorescence peduncle diameters in Anthurium may explain the lack of correlation between pollen size and number. These results suggest that adaptive constraints driving pollen size and number could differ in the Philodendron and Anthurium genera f...
Eduardo G Goncalves - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Philodendron venustifoliatum (Araceae): A New Species from Brazil
Kew Bulletin, 2020Co-Authors: Eduardo G Goncalves, Simon J MayoAbstract:The aroids of Central Brazil are still poorly known, despite their relatively low species diversity. The region is mainly covered by cerrado, one of the most threatened vegetation types in Brazil. The restricted ranges of many of the aroid species mean that its widespread destruction is likely to have irreversible effects on the family's diversity. The neotropical genus Philodendron is the second largest in the family and ranges from Mexico and the Caribbean Islands to northern Uruguay; over 500 species have been recognized (Mayo et al. 1997). Many undescribed species are being discovered in poorly studied areas of tropical America (Grayum 1996, Sakuragui & Mayo 1997, Gon-alves 1997, Croat 1997, Nadruz Coelho & Mayo 1998) and some of these are potentially useful as ornamental plants. During a survey of aroids from central Brazil, one of the authors (EGG) collected a very ornamental Philodendron with pinnatilobed leaves, which has since been recollected twice. As it does not resemble any known species, it is described here as new. The terminology for leaf blade characters follows that of Mayo (1991).
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extrafloral nectaries in Philodendron araceae distribution and structure
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2016Co-Authors: Patricia Goncalvessouza, Eduardo G Goncalves, Elder Antonio Sousa PaivaAbstract:Extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) are involved in animal–plant interactions that lead to protection against herbivory. The presence of EFNs in Araceae is rare, besides Philodendron, there is report for only two other genera. With the aim to investigate the occurrence of EFNs in Philodendron and to describe the distribution patterns and structural organization of these glands, 75 Philodendron spp. were examined, 16 of which were selected for study by light microscopy. Three Homalomena spp. were also examined for EFNs, but these were not found. Philodendron martianum was employed as a model for additional study using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The studied EFNs showed a high degree of structural similarity. They were present in the prophyll, leaf and spathe, becoming functional in young organs. In surface view, EFNs consisted of small areas and showed one or more stomata through which secretions were released. The secretory cells formed a globular region surrounded by ground parenchyma. In P. martianum, nectariferous parenchyma cells exhibited typical features of cells with high metabolism related to nectar secretion. These results allow us to infer that EFNs have a widespread occurrence in Philodendron, and they remain an exclusive character for this group. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, ●●, ●●–●●.
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Philodendron carajasense sp nov araceae a rheophyte from carajas mountain range northern brasil
Nordic Journal of Botany, 2014Co-Authors: Eduardo G Goncalves, Andre J ArrudaAbstract:A new rheophytic species of Philodendron, viz. P. carajasense E. G. Gonc. & A. J. Arruda sp. nov., is described from the Carajas region, northern Brazil. This is the second rheophyte described in the genus, the first being P. flumineum E. G. Gonc. to which P. carajasense seems to be related. The new species is also compared with the closely related sympatric P. guttiferum, but the latter lacks the rheophytic habit. The new species is thought to be endemic to the Carajas region.
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Philodendron bernardopazii and p ricardoi spp nov araceae from espirito santo state brazil
Nordic Journal of Botany, 2011Co-Authors: Eduardo G GoncalvesAbstract:Two new species of Philodendron– Araceae (Philodendron bernardopazii E. G. Gonc. and Philodendron ricardoi E. G. Gonc.), so far known to be endemic to the Espirito Santo State, Brazil, are here described and illustrated for the first time. Philodendron bernardopazii has been traded as an ornamental plant for more than 30 years, as one of several species popularly called Philodendron“Santa Leopoldina”, because of the Brazilian county where it has been collected. This new species is so far known from two cultivated stocks, both supposedly collected at the same location (around the village of Santa Leopoldina) and if it still exists in nature, it is probably threatened. Philodendron ricardoi has only been observed on rocks around the village of Estrela do Norte where huge populations can be seen growing in rocky outcrops in open areas.
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Philodendron cardosoi, a new species of Araceae from Brazil
Willdenowia, 2004Co-Authors: Eduardo G GoncalvesAbstract:Abstract Goncalves, E. G.: Philodendron cardosoi, a new species of Araceae from Brazil. — Willdenowia 34: 525–527. — ISSN 0511-9618; © 2004 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem. Philodendron cardosoi is described as a species new to science and illustrated. It is a member of P. subg. Philodendron sect. Polytomium and is so far only known from the type locality in the southeast of the Brasilian state of Para.