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Arthur N Popper - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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onset of barotrauma injuries related to number of Pile Driving strike exposures in hybrid striped bass
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2017Co-Authors: Brandon M Casper, Michele B Halvorsen, Thomas J Carlson, Arthur N PopperAbstract:Previous studies exploring injury response to Pile Driving in fishes presented exposure paradigms (>900 strikes) that emulated circumstances where fish would not leave an area being ensonified. Those studies did not, however, address the question of how many strikes are needed before injuries appear. Thus, the number of strikes paired with a constant single strike sound exposure level (SELss) that can cause injuries is not yet clear. In order to examine this question, hybrid striped bass (white bass Morone chrysops × striped bass Morone saxatilis) were exposed to 8–384 strikes in three different SELss treatments that generated different cumulative sound exposure level values. The treatment with the highest SELss values caused swim bladder injuries in fish exposed to as few as eight Pile strikes. These results have important implications for Pile Driving operations where SELss values meet or exceed the exposure levels used in this study.
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recovery of barotrauma injuries resulting from exposure to Pile Driving sound in two sizes of hybrid striped bass
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Brandon M Casper, Michele B Halvorsen, Thomas J Carlson, Frazer Matthews, Arthur N PopperAbstract:The effects of loud sounds on fishes, such as those produced during impulsive Pile Driving, are an increasing concern in the management of aquatic ecosystems. However, very little is known about such effects. Accordingly, a High Intensity Controlled Impedance Fluid Filled wave Tube (HICI-FT) was used to investigate the effects of sounds produced by impulsive Pile Driving on two size groups of hybrid striped bass (white bass Morone chrysops x striped bass Morone saxatilis). The larger striped bass (mean size 17.2 g) had more severe injuries, as well as more total injuries, than the smaller fish (mean size 1.3 g). However, fish in each size group recovered from most injuries within 10 days of exposure. A comparison with different species from previously published studies show that current results support the observation that fishes with physoclistous swim bladders are more susceptible to injury from impulsive Pile Driving than are fishes with physostomous swim bladders.
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Effects of exposure to Pile Driving sounds on fish inner ear tissues.
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A Molecular & integrative physiology, 2013Co-Authors: Brandon M Casper, Michele B Halvorsen, Thomas J Carlson, Michael E. Smith, Huifang Sun, Arthur N PopperAbstract:Abstract Impulsive Pile Driving sound can cause injury to fishes, but no studies to date have examined whether such injuries include damage to sensory hair cells in the ear. Possible effects on hair cells were tested using a specially designed wave tube to expose two species, hybrid striped bass (white bass Morone chrysops × striped bass Morone saxatilis ) and Mozambique tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus ), to Pile Driving sounds. Fish were exposed to 960 Pile Driving strikes at one of three treatment levels: 216, 213, or 210 dB re 1 μPa 2 ·s cumulative Sound Exposure Level. Both hybrid striped bass and tilapia exhibited barotraumas such as swim bladder ruptures, herniations, and hematomas to several organs. Hybrid striped bass exposed to the highest sound level had significant numbers of damaged hair cells, while no damage was found when fish were exposed at lower sound levels. Considerable hair cell damage was found in only one out of 11 tilapia specimens exposed at the highest sound level. Results suggest that impulsive sounds such as from Pile Driving may have a more significant effect on the swim bladders and surrounding organs than on the inner ears of fishes, at least at the sound exposure levels used in this study.
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effects of exposure to Pile Driving sounds on the lake sturgeon nile tilapia and hogchoker
Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2012Co-Authors: Michele B Halvorsen, Brandon M Casper, Thomas J Carlson, Frazer Matthews, Arthur N PopperAbstract:Pile-Driving and other impulsive sound sources have the potential to injure or kill fishes. One mechanism that produces injuries is the rapid motion of the walls of the swim bladder as it repeatedly contacts nearby tissues. To further understand the involvement of the swim bladder in tissue damage, a specially designed wave tube was used to expose three species to Pile-Driving sounds. Species included lake sturgeon ( Acipenser fulvescens )—with an open (physostomous) swim bladder, Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus )—with a closed (physoclistous) swim bladder and the hogchoker ( Trinectes maculatus )—a flatfish without a swim bladder. There were no visible injuries in any of the exposed hogchokers, whereas a variety of injuries were observed in the lake sturgeon and Nile tilapia. At the loudest cumulative and single-strike sound exposure levels (SEL cum and SEL ss respectively), the Nile tilapia had the highest total injuries and the most severe injuries per fish. As exposure levels decreased, the number and severity of injuries were more similar between the two species. These results suggest that the presence and type of swim bladder correlated with injury at higher sound levels, while the extent of injury at lower sound levels was similar for both kinds of swim bladders.
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recovery of barotrauma injuries in chinook salmon oncorhynchus tshawytscha from exposure to Pile Driving sound
PLOS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Brandon M Casper, Thomas J Carlson, Arthur N Popper, Frazer Matthews, Michele B HalvorsenAbstract:Juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, were exposed to simulated high intensity Pile Driving signals to evaluate their ability to recover from barotrauma injuries. Fish were exposed to one of two cumulative sound exposure levels for 960 Pile strikes (217 or 210 dB re 1 µPa2·s SELcum; single strike sound exposure levels of 187 or 180 dB re 1 µPa2⋅s SELss respectively). This was followed by an immediate assessment of injuries, or assessment 2, 5, or 10 days post-exposure. There were no observed mortalities from the Pile Driving sound exposure. Fish exposed to 217 dB re 1 µPa2·s SELcum displayed evidence of healing from injuries as post-exposure time increased. Fish exposed to 210 dB re 1 µPa2·s SELcum sustained minimal injuries that were not significantly different from control fish at days 0, 2, and 10. The exposure to 210 dB re 1 µPa2·s SELcum replicated the findings in a previous study that defined this level as the threshold for onset of injury. Furthermore, these data support the hypothesis that one or two Mild injuries resulting from Pile Driving exposure are unlikely to affect the survival of the exposed animals, at least in a laboratory environment.
Ian T. Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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changes in feeding behavior of longfin squid doryteuthis pealeii during laboratory exposure to Pile Driving noise
Marine Environmental Research, 2021Co-Authors: Ian T. Jones, Jenni A. Stanley, James F Peyla, Hadley G Clark, Zhongchang Song, Aran T MooneyAbstract:Anthropogenic noise can cause diverse changes in animals' behaviors, but effects on feeding behaviors are understudied, especially for key invertebrate taxa. With the offshore wind industry expanding, concern exists regarding potential impacts of Pile Driving noise on squid and other commercially and ecologically vital taxa. We investigated changes in feeding and alarm (defense) behaviors of squid, Doryteuthis pealeii, predating on killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, during playbacks of Pile Driving noise recorded from wind farm construction within squids' habitat. Fewer squid captured killifish during noise exposure compared to controls. Squid had more failed predation attempts when noise was started during predation sequences. Alarm responses to noise were similar whether or not squid were hunting killifish, indicating similar vigilance to threat stimuli in these contexts. Additionally, novel hearing measurements on F. heteroclitus confirmed they could detect the noise. These results indicate noise can disrupt feeding behaviors of a key invertebrate species, and will leverage future studies on how noise may disrupt squids' vital ecological interactions.
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impulsive Pile Driving noise elicits alarm responses in squid doryteuthis pealeii
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2020Co-Authors: Ian T. Jones, Jenni A. Stanley, Aran T MooneyAbstract:Abstract Pile Driving occurs during construction of marine platforms, including offshore windfarms, producing intense sounds that can adversely affect marine animals. We quantified how a commercially and economically important squid (Doryteuthis pealeii: Lesueur 1821) responded to Pile Driving sounds recorded from a windfarm installation within this species' habitat. Fifteen-minute portions of these sounds were played to 16 individual squid. A subset of animals (n = 11) received a second exposure after a 24-h rest period. Body pattern changes, inking, jetting, and startle responses were observed and nearly all squid exhibited at least one response. These responses occurred primarily during the first 8 impulses and diminished quickly, indicating potential rapid, short-term habituation. Similar response rates were seen 24-h later, suggesting squid re-sensitized to the noise. Increased tolerance of anti-predatory alarm responses may alter squids' ability to deter and evade predators. Noise exposure may also disrupt normal intraspecific communication and ecologically relevant responses to sound.
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Assessing impacts of offshore Pile Driving noise on the antipredator defense and shoaling behaviors of squid (Doryteuthis pealeii)
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2018Co-Authors: Ian T. Jones, Jenni A. Stanley, T. Aran MooneyAbstract:Impulsive Pile Driving occurs during construction of marine platforms, producing intense sounds that may adversely impact animals’ physiology and behavior. Little is known regarding how this noise impacts sound-sensitive invertebrates such as squid, which is surprising given squids’ relative abundance and key ecological role. We quantified how a commercially important squid species (Doryteuthis pealeii) behaviorally responded (in a controlled environment) to Pile Driving sounds recorded from an offshore windfarm installation within this species' habitat. Both sound pressure and particle motion components of the sound were quantified. Fifteen-minute portions of the recordings were played to individual squid. Body pattern changes, inking, jetting, and startle responses were observed during sound exposure and all squid exhibited at least one response. These responses occurred primarily during the first few noise impulses and diminished quickly over the first minute of playback, indicating short-term habituation. Responses returned after a 24-hr rest, indicating re-sensitization. Separate experiments investigated changes in shoaling behaviors by quantifying shoal cohesion and polarity in groups of squid during ten-minute noise exposures. Rapid habituation of antipredator alarm responses and changes in shoaling dynamics may alter squids’ susceptibility to predation. Noise exposure may also disrupt normal intraspecific communication and ecologically relevant behavioral responses to sounds.Impulsive Pile Driving occurs during construction of marine platforms, producing intense sounds that may adversely impact animals’ physiology and behavior. Little is known regarding how this noise impacts sound-sensitive invertebrates such as squid, which is surprising given squids’ relative abundance and key ecological role. We quantified how a commercially important squid species (Doryteuthis pealeii) behaviorally responded (in a controlled environment) to Pile Driving sounds recorded from an offshore windfarm installation within this species' habitat. Both sound pressure and particle motion components of the sound were quantified. Fifteen-minute portions of the recordings were played to individual squid. Body pattern changes, inking, jetting, and startle responses were observed during sound exposure and all squid exhibited at least one response. These responses occurred primarily during the first few noise impulses and diminished quickly over the first minute of playback, indicating short-term habituat...
S Degraer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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towards a numerical model to simulate the observed displacement of harbour porpoises phocoena phocoena due to Pile Driving in belgian waters
Hydrobiologia, 2015Co-Authors: J Haelters, Valerie Duliere, L Vigin, S DegraerAbstract:The impact of impulsive Pile Driving on marine mammals is a major environmental concern in offshore wind farm construction. Odontocetes, depending on emission and reception of sound for foraging, spatial orientation and social interactions, are likely to be impacted most. In Belgian and adjacent waters, specific concerns exist about the impact of underwater sound generated during Pile Driving on the harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena, the most common cetacean in these waters. The results of visual aerial line-transect surveys performed before and during Pile Driving at the Thorntonbank (Belgian waters, North Sea) suggested a displacement of porpoises to a distance of around 20 km from the piling location. Such an apparent large-scale avoidance reaction is similar to the one observed in other countries’ waters in the North Sea. Using survey data, we developed a simple numerical model that could reproduce the harbour porpoises’ redistribution pattern during disturbance. The further development of our initial model can be useful to predict or simulate the redistribution of harbour porpoises in cases when field investigations are not possible or impractical, for pre-construction environmental impact assessments and for impact assessments in case of multiple piling operations ongoing in the same area.
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in situ mortality experiments with juvenile sea bass dicentrarchus labrax in relation to impulsive sound levels caused by Pile Driving of windmill foundations
PLOS ONE, 2014Co-Authors: Elisabeth Debusschere, Bert De Coensel, Aline Bajek, Dick Botteldooren, Kris Hostens, J Vanaverbeke, S Vandendriessche, Karl Van Ginderdeuren, Magda Vincx, S DegraerAbstract:Impact assessments of offshore wind farm installations and operations on the marine fauna are performed in many countries. Yet, only limited quantitative data on the physiological impact of impulsive sounds on (juvenile) fishes during Pile Driving of offshore wind farm foundations are available. Our current knowledge on fish injury and mortality due to Pile Driving is mainly based on laboratory experiments, in which high-intensity Pile Driving sounds are generated inside acoustic chambers. To validate these lab results, an in situ field experiment was carried out on board of a Pile Driving vessel. Juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) of 68 and 115 days post hatching were exposed to Pile-Driving sounds as close as 45 m from the actual Pile Driving activity. Fish were exposed to strikes with a sound exposure level between 181 and 188 dB re 1 mPa 2 .s. The number of strikes ranged from 1739 to 3067, resulting in a cumulative sound exposure level between 215 and 222 dB re 1 mPa 2 .s. Control treatments consisted of fish not exposed to Pile Driving sounds. No differences in immediate mortality were found between exposed and control fish groups. Also no differences were noted in the delayed mortality up to 14 days after exposure between both groups. Our in situ experiments largely confirm the mortality results of the lab experiments found in other studies.
Paul M Thompson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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broad scale responses of harbor porpoises to Pile Driving and vessel activities during offshore windfarm construction
Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021Co-Authors: Aude Benhemma-le Gall, Isla M. Graham, Nathan D. Merchant, Paul M ThompsonAbstract:Offshore windfarm developments are expanding, requiring assessment and mitigation of impacts on protected species. Typically, assessments of impacts on marine mammals have focussed on Pile-Driving, as intense impulsive noise elicits adverse behavioural responses. However, other construction activities such as jacket and turbine installation also change acoustic habitats through increased vessel activity. To date, the contribution of construction-related vessel activity in shaping marine mammal behavioural responses at windfarm construction sites has been overlooked and no guidelines or mitigation measures have been implemented. We compared broad-scale spatio-temporal variation in harbour porpoise occurrence and foraging activity between baseline periods and different construction phases at two Scottish offshore windfarms. Following a Before-After Control-Impact design, arrays of echolocation click detectors (CPODs) were deployed in 25 km by 25 km impact and reference blocks throughout the 2017-2019 construction. Echolocation clicks and buzzes were used to investigate porpoise occurrence and foraging activity respectively. In parallel, we characterised broadband noise levels using calibrated noise recorders (SoundTraps and SM2Ms) and vessel activities using AIS data integrated with engineering records. Following an impact gradient design, we then quantified the magnitude of porpoise responses in relation to changes in the acoustic environment and vessel activity. Compared to baseline, an 8-17% decline in porpoise occurrence was observed in the impact block during Pile-Driving and other construction activities. The probability of detecting porpoises and buzzing activity was positively related to the distance from vessel and construction activities, and negatively related to levels of vessel pressure and background noise. Porpoise displacement was observed at up to 12 km from Pile-Driving activities and up to 4 km from construction vessels. This evidence of broad-scale behavioural responses of harbour porpoises to these different construction activities highlights the importance of assessing and managing all vessel activities at offshore windfarm sites to minimise potential impacts of anthropogenic noise.
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Broad-Scale Responses of Harbor Porpoises to Pile-Driving and Vessel Activities During Offshore Windfarm Construction
'Frontiers Media SA', 2021Co-Authors: Aude Benhemma-le Gall, Isla M. Graham, Nathan D. Merchant, Paul M ThompsonAbstract:Offshore windfarm developments are expanding, requiring assessment and mitigation of impacts on protected species. Typically, assessments of impacts on marine mammals have focused on Pile-Driving, as intense impulsive noise elicits adverse behavioral responses. However, other construction activities such as jacket and turbine installation also change acoustic habitats through increased vessel activity. To date, the contribution of construction-related vessel activity in shaping marine mammal behavioral responses at windfarm construction sites has been overlooked and no guidelines or mitigation measures have been implemented. We compared broad-scale spatio-temporal variation in harbor porpoise occurrence and foraging activity between baseline periods and different construction phases at two Scottish offshore windfarms. Following a Before-After Control-Impact design, arrays of echolocation click detectors (CPODs) were deployed in 25 km by 25 km impact and reference blocks throughout the 2017–2019 construction. Echolocation clicks and buzzes were used to investigate porpoise occurrence and foraging activity, respectively. In parallel, we characterized broadband noise levels using calibrated noise recorders (SoundTraps and SM2Ms) and vessel activities using AIS data integrated with engineering records. Following an impact gradient design, we then quantified the magnitude of porpoise responses in relation to changes in the acoustic environment and vessel activity. Compared to baseline, an 8–17% decline in porpoise occurrence was observed in the impact block during Pile-Driving and other construction activities. The probability of detecting porpoises and buzzing activity was positively related to the distance from vessel and construction activities, and negatively related to levels of vessel intensity and background noise. Porpoise displacement was observed at up to 12 km from Pile-Driving activities and up to 4 km from construction vessels. This evidence of broad-scale behavioral responses of harbor porpoises to these different construction activities highlights the importance of assessing and managing all vessel activities at offshore windfarm sites to minimize potential impacts of anthropogenic noise
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harbour porpoise responses to Pile Driving diminish over time
Royal Society Open Science, 2019Co-Authors: Isla M. Graham, Nathan D. Merchant, Adrian Farcas, Tim R Barton, Barbara Cheney, Saliza Bono, Paul M ThompsonAbstract:Estimating impacts of offshore windfarm construction on marine mammals requires data on displacement in relation to different noise levels and sources. Using echolocation detectors and noise record...
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assessing underwater noise levels during Pile Driving at an offshore windfarm and its potential effects on marine mammals
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2010Co-Authors: Helen Bailey, Dave Simmons, Jan Rusin, G B Picken, Paul M ThompsonAbstract:Marine renewable developments have raised concerns over impacts of underwater noise on marine species, particularly from Pile-Driving for wind turbines. Environmental assessments typically use generic sound propagation models, but empirical tests of these models are lacking. In 2006, two 5 MW wind turbines were installed off NE Scotland. The turbines were in deep (>40 m) water, 25 km from the Moray Firth Special Area of Conservation (SAC), potentially affecting a protected population of bottlenose dolphins. We measured Pile-Driving noise at distances of 0.1 (maximum broadband peak to peak sound level 205 dB re 1 lPa) to 80 km (no longer distinguishable above background noise). These sound levels were related to noise exposure criteria for marine mammals to assess possible effects. For bottlenose dolphins, auditory injury would only have occurred within 100 m of the Pile-Driving and behavioural disturbance, defined as modifications in behaviour, could have occurred up to 50 km away.
Aran T Mooney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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changes in feeding behavior of longfin squid doryteuthis pealeii during laboratory exposure to Pile Driving noise
Marine Environmental Research, 2021Co-Authors: Ian T. Jones, Jenni A. Stanley, James F Peyla, Hadley G Clark, Zhongchang Song, Aran T MooneyAbstract:Anthropogenic noise can cause diverse changes in animals' behaviors, but effects on feeding behaviors are understudied, especially for key invertebrate taxa. With the offshore wind industry expanding, concern exists regarding potential impacts of Pile Driving noise on squid and other commercially and ecologically vital taxa. We investigated changes in feeding and alarm (defense) behaviors of squid, Doryteuthis pealeii, predating on killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, during playbacks of Pile Driving noise recorded from wind farm construction within squids' habitat. Fewer squid captured killifish during noise exposure compared to controls. Squid had more failed predation attempts when noise was started during predation sequences. Alarm responses to noise were similar whether or not squid were hunting killifish, indicating similar vigilance to threat stimuli in these contexts. Additionally, novel hearing measurements on F. heteroclitus confirmed they could detect the noise. These results indicate noise can disrupt feeding behaviors of a key invertebrate species, and will leverage future studies on how noise may disrupt squids' vital ecological interactions.
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impulsive Pile Driving noise elicits alarm responses in squid doryteuthis pealeii
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2020Co-Authors: Ian T. Jones, Jenni A. Stanley, Aran T MooneyAbstract:Abstract Pile Driving occurs during construction of marine platforms, including offshore windfarms, producing intense sounds that can adversely affect marine animals. We quantified how a commercially and economically important squid (Doryteuthis pealeii: Lesueur 1821) responded to Pile Driving sounds recorded from a windfarm installation within this species' habitat. Fifteen-minute portions of these sounds were played to 16 individual squid. A subset of animals (n = 11) received a second exposure after a 24-h rest period. Body pattern changes, inking, jetting, and startle responses were observed and nearly all squid exhibited at least one response. These responses occurred primarily during the first 8 impulses and diminished quickly, indicating potential rapid, short-term habituation. Similar response rates were seen 24-h later, suggesting squid re-sensitized to the noise. Increased tolerance of anti-predatory alarm responses may alter squids' ability to deter and evade predators. Noise exposure may also disrupt normal intraspecific communication and ecologically relevant responses to sound.