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Per Tunestal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Bayesian Method for Fuel Mass Estimation of Short Pilot Injections based on its Misfire Probability
2020 American Control Conference (ACC), 2020Co-Authors: Carlos Jorques Moreno, Ola Stenlaas, Per TunestalAbstract:A fuel mass estimation method for short Pilot Diesel injections is proposed and analyzed in this article. Previous studies showed that the Pilot misfire ratio was more strongly correlated with the fuel mass than the on-time. This characteristic is exploited for the fuel mass estimation in a region where it is otherwise challenging to get good estimation accuracy due to the low signal-to-noise ratio, such as by rail pressure measurements or in-cylinder pressure for heat release estimation. The suggested method uses a Bayesian approach where the calibrated injectors, the Pilot misfire ratio and the misfire detection are stochastically modelled. The effect of the different model parameters and dispersion on the estimator properties are analyzed. Experimental results in a Scania D13 Diesel engine confirm the improvement in the Pilot mass estimation, for the regions within the transition from full misfire to full combustion. In this region, a 60% reduction in the estimation error was obtained, from 0.66mg to 0.27mg standard deviation.
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ACC - Bayesian Method for Fuel Mass Estimation of Short Pilot Injections based on its Misfire Probability
2020 American Control Conference (ACC), 2020Co-Authors: Carlos Jorques Moreno, Ola Stenlaas, Per TunestalAbstract:A fuel mass estimation method for short Pilot Diesel injections is proposed and analyzed in this article. Previous studies showed that the Pilot misfire ratio was more strongly correlated with the fuel mass than the on-time. This characteristic is exploited for the fuel mass estimation in a region where it is otherwise challenging to get good estimation accuracy due to the low signal-to-noise ratio, such as by rail pressure measurements or in-cylinder pressure for heat release estimation. The suggested method uses a Bayesian approach where the calibrated injectors, the Pilot misfire ratio and the misfire detection are stochastically modelled. The effect of the different model parameters and dispersion on the estimator properties are analyzed. Experimental results in a Scania D13 Diesel engine confirm the improvement in the Pilot mass estimation, for the regions within the transition from full misfire to full combustion. In this region, a 60% reduction in the estimation error was obtained, from 0.66mg to 0.27mg standard deviation.
Probir Kumar Bose - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A performance‐emission tradeoff study of a CI engine fueled by compressed natural gas (CNG)/Diesel–ethanol‐PPME blend combination
Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 2015Co-Authors: Abhishek Paul, Rajsekhar Panua, Durbadal Debroy, Probir Kumar BoseAbstract:In the present study, a blend of 45% Diesel, 15% ethanol and 40% Pongamia pinata methyl ester (PPME) has been used as Pilot fuel for CNG dual fuel operation in a single cylinder CI engine along with CNG as the primary fuel. The intake manifold of an existing engine is slightly modified for indirect injection of CNG into the engine cylinder. The results are compared with the Pilot Diesel operation with same CNG injection strategies. It is found that the Pilot operation of the blend is instrumental in increasing the brake thermal efficiency of the engine at all the tested load conditions with higher Pilot fuel consumption. Pilot operation of the blend also simultaneously reduced NOx, hydrocarbon and CO emissions as compared with Pilot Diesel operation. Hence, it is found that the Pilot blend with 15% ethanol and 40% PPME is useful in improving the performance of the engine with significant reduction in emission with respect to CNG-Diesel duel fuel operation. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2015
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an experimental study on combustion performance and emission analysis of a single cylinder 4 stroke di Diesel engine using hydrogen in dual fuel mode of operation
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2015Co-Authors: Madhujit Deb, Probir Kumar Bose, G R K Sastry, Rahul BanerjeeAbstract:Abstract The hydrogen-Diesel dual fuel combustion was investigated in direct injection (DI) Diesel engine. The investigation presented in this paper preferred hydrogen as a long-term renewable and least polluting fuel among various alternative fuels for internal combustion (IC) engines. In the current study a Diesel engine is made to run using hydrogen in dual fuel mode with Diesel, where hydrogen is introduced into the intake manifold using an LPG-CNG injector and Pilot Diesel is injected using Diesel injectors. The hydrogen energy contents of the total fuel were varied from 0%, 11%, 17%, 30% and 42% (the 0% hydrogen energy content represents neat Diesel fuel), were experienced at (1500 ± 10) rpm of invariable engine speed and 5.2 kW of consistent indicated power. The test results showed the improvement in brake thermal efficiency (BTHE) of the engine, reduction in brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) with an increasing hydrogen energy fraction. Furthermore, indicated specific CO, CO 2 and smoke emissions decrease with an increasing percentage of hydrogen energy content. Conversely, indicated specific NOx emissions increases with increase in hydrogen content. In addition to that, it was also observed that there was a sharp increase in peak in-cylinder pressure and the peak heat release rate values with the increasing hydrogen rate.
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an experimental study of the performance combustion and emission characteristics of a ci engine under dual fuel mode using cng and oxygenated Pilot fuel blends
Energy, 2015Co-Authors: Abhishek Paul, Rajsekhar Panua, Durbadal Debroy, Probir Kumar BoseAbstract:Abstract During the past few decades, many researchers have proposed a partial replacement of Diesel in the CI engine by substituting it with natural gas in order to reduce the exhaust emission without altering the performance characteristics of the engine too much. Most of these researches have focused on the combustion of natural gas in a dual fuel mode by using Diesel as the Pilot fuel. However, the dual fuel operation of natural gas with Pilot Diesel reduces the brake thermal efficiency and increases the hydrocarbon emission. The present experimental work explores the potential of using CNG under dual fuel operation by utilizing two different blends of Diesel–ethanol–bioDiesel as the Pilot fuel. The present study reveals that the increased percentages of ethanol and bioDiesel in the Pilot fuel triggers an increase in the brake thermal efficiency of the engine. In this study, the NO x emission was also found to decrease with a corresponding increase in the percentages of ethanol and bioDiesel in the Pilot fuel. The study reveals definite encouraging aspects of using the D45E15B40 and D30E20B50 blends as the Pilot fuel because it can extend the range of usage of the CNG to 9000 μs of injection duration.
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Effect of Diesel–Ethanol–PPME (Pongamia piñata Methyl Ester) Blends as Pilot Fuel on CNG Dual-Fuel Operation of a CI Engine: A Performance-Emission Trade-Off Study
Energy & Fuels, 2015Co-Authors: Abhishek Paul, Rajsekhar Panua, Probir Kumar BoseAbstract:The major portion of today’s natural gas dual-fuel engines use Pilot amounts of Diesel as the igniter fuel. However, it is found that dual-fuel operation of natural gas with Pilot Diesel poses problems, such as reduced brake thermal efficiency and increased hydrocarbon emission. The present experimental work explores the potential of compressed natural gas (CNG) under dual-fuel operation by utilizing two blends of Diesel–ethanol–Pongamia pinata methyl ester (PPME) as Pilot fuel. The blends, namely, D45E15B40 (45% Diesel, 15% ethanol, 40% PPME) and D30E20B50 (30% Diesel, 20% ethanol, 50% PPME) are selected on the basis of bioDiesel-assisted miscibility of ethanol in Diesel. It is found from the study that the Pilot operation of D45E15B40 blend increases the brake thermal efficiency by 43.5% and 26.4% at 80% and 100% load conditions with CNG injection for 23 000 μs, whereas D30E20B50 produces an increase of 51.7% and 46.5% under the same conditions in comparison with Pilot Diesel operation. The NOx emission...
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effect of Diesel ethanol ppme pongamia pinata methyl ester blends as Pilot fuel on cng dual fuel operation of a ci engine a performance emission trade off study
Energy & Fuels, 2015Co-Authors: Abhishek Paul, Rajsekhar Panua, Probir Kumar BoseAbstract:The major portion of today’s natural gas dual-fuel engines use Pilot amounts of Diesel as the igniter fuel. However, it is found that dual-fuel operation of natural gas with Pilot Diesel poses problems, such as reduced brake thermal efficiency and increased hydrocarbon emission. The present experimental work explores the potential of compressed natural gas (CNG) under dual-fuel operation by utilizing two blends of Diesel–ethanol–Pongamia pinata methyl ester (PPME) as Pilot fuel. The blends, namely, D45E15B40 (45% Diesel, 15% ethanol, 40% PPME) and D30E20B50 (30% Diesel, 20% ethanol, 50% PPME) are selected on the basis of bioDiesel-assisted miscibility of ethanol in Diesel. It is found from the study that the Pilot operation of D45E15B40 blend increases the brake thermal efficiency by 43.5% and 26.4% at 80% and 100% load conditions with CNG injection for 23 000 μs, whereas D30E20B50 produces an increase of 51.7% and 46.5% under the same conditions in comparison with Pilot Diesel operation. The NOx emission...
Martti Larmi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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High-pressure direct injection of methanol and Pilot Diesel: A non-premixed dual-fuel engine concept
Fuel, 2020Co-Authors: Yabin Dong, Ossi Kaario, Martti Larmi, Ghulam Hassan, Olli Ranta, Bengt JohanssonAbstract:Abstract In order to reduce the climate impacts, methanol produced from carbon-neutral methods plays an important role. Due to its oxygen content and high latent heat, methanol combustion can achieve low soot and NOx emissions. In the present study, direct injection (DI) of methanol is investigated in a non-premixed dual-fuel (DF) setup with Diesel Pilot. The present DF engine study is carried out via a specially-designed new cylinder head operating with a centrally located methanol injector and with an off-centered Diesel Pilot injector. The target is to inject methanol close to top dead center (TDC) in a similar fashion as in standard Diesel combustion enabling robust operation with high efficiency. The ignition of the DI methanol is achieved with an almost simultaneously injected Diesel Pilot. The experiments were conducted in a single-cylinder heavy-duty research engine at a constant engine speed of 1500 rpm with a compression ratio of 16.5. The indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) varied between 4.2 and 13.8 bar while the methanol substitution ratio was swept between 45 and 95%. In addition, the Diesel Pilot and methanol injection timings were varied for optimum efficiency and emissions. The introduced non-premixed DF concept using methanol as the main fuel showed robust ignition characteristics, stable combustion, and low CO and HC emissions. The results indicate that increasing both the load and the methanol substitution ratio can increase the thermal efficiency and the stability of combustion (lower COV) together with decreased CO and HC emissions.
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A parametric investigation of Diesel/methane dual-fuel combustion progression/stages in a heavy-duty optical engine
Applied Energy, 2019Co-Authors: Zeeshan Ahmad, Ossi Kaario, Cheng Qiang, Ville Vuorinen, Martti LarmiAbstract:Abstract A single-cylinder heavy-duty optical engine is used to characterize dual-fuel (DF) combustion. In experiments, methane is applied as the main fuel while directly injected Pilot Diesel ignites the premixed methane-air mixture close to the top-dead center (TDC). In the present study, Diesel-methane DF combustion is analyzed as a function of (1) the methane equivalence ratio, (2) initial charge temperature, and (3) the quantity of Pilot Diesel. Experiments are conducted at 1400 rpm and a load of 9–10 bar IMEP, and DF combustion is visualized in the engine through Bowditch-designed optical access. Meanwhile, a high-speed camera records temporally resolved natural luminosity (NL) color images of the combustion event. The results of the study suggest that DF combustion based on the apparent heat release rate (HRR) data consists of three overlapping combustion stages, where the level of overlap depends on mixture fractions of both Pilot-Diesel and methane in the in-cylinder charge. The stages are identified by analyzing the second derivative of HRR data. The study revealed that during the first stage, most of the Pilot Diesel burns in the premixed mode, and that the ignition delay time (IDT) directly influences the burnt charge mixture fraction of Pilot Diesel and entrained premixed methane-air mixture. In addition, the first-stage combustion is visualized as initial flame kernels originating from Pilot-Diesel sprays. IDT is found to be especially sensitive to the methane equivalence ratio and initial charge temperature. Furthermore, the concentration of methane and the quantity of Pilot Diesel in the charge distinctively influence combustion duration trends.
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Effects of ethane addition on Diesel-methane dual-fuel combustion in a heavy-duty engine
Fuel, 1Co-Authors: Zeeshan Ahmad, Ossi Kaario, Cheng Qiang, Ville Vuorinen, Shervin Karimkashi, Martti LarmiAbstract:Abstract The present study is a continuation of the previous work by Ahmad et al. (2020), in which ethane (C2H6) enriched Diesel-methane (CH4) dual-fuel (DF) combustion was experimentally investigated in a single-cylinder heavy-duty engine. Here, the experiments of ethane enriched DF combustion are carried out with new details together with supporting zero-dimensional (0D) and one-dimensional (1D) chemical kinetics simulations. Three port-fuel injected (PFI) gaseous blends of pure methane with varying ethane concentrations of 0%, 10%, and 20% are used as the main fuels. The PFI gaseous blend provides 97% of the total-fuel energy (TFE), which is ignited by a small 3% (TFE based) Pilot Diesel. Experiments are performed under lean condition ( ∅ gas = 0.52) for two engine speeds while keeping the TFE and other operating conditions constant. Calculated results from 0D and 1D simulations under engine relevant conditions including theoretical combustion mode analysis ( β -curve) are used to deepen the phenomenological understanding of the experimental results. The results reveal that adding ethane into pure methane has minor effects on the Pilot-Diesel ignition timing. However, ethane addition greatly enhances the ignitability of methane after the start of combustion. Ethane enriched gaseous blends yield higher thermal efficiency and reduce combustion duration compared to pure methane. According to combustion mode analysis, ethane tendency to promote spontaneous autoignition may be one of the reasons for improving overall combustion performance. It is observed that ethane enriched gaseous blends produce lower unburned methane (UB-CH4) and unburned hydrocarbons (THC) accompanied with higher nitrogen oxides (NOx) because of the higher combustion efficiency. Furthermore, ethane addition considerably helps to reduce cycle-to-cycle variations under lean conditions compared to pure methane.
Carlos Jorques Moreno - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Bayesian Method for Fuel Mass Estimation of Short Pilot Injections based on its Misfire Probability
2020 American Control Conference (ACC), 2020Co-Authors: Carlos Jorques Moreno, Ola Stenlaas, Per TunestalAbstract:A fuel mass estimation method for short Pilot Diesel injections is proposed and analyzed in this article. Previous studies showed that the Pilot misfire ratio was more strongly correlated with the fuel mass than the on-time. This characteristic is exploited for the fuel mass estimation in a region where it is otherwise challenging to get good estimation accuracy due to the low signal-to-noise ratio, such as by rail pressure measurements or in-cylinder pressure for heat release estimation. The suggested method uses a Bayesian approach where the calibrated injectors, the Pilot misfire ratio and the misfire detection are stochastically modelled. The effect of the different model parameters and dispersion on the estimator properties are analyzed. Experimental results in a Scania D13 Diesel engine confirm the improvement in the Pilot mass estimation, for the regions within the transition from full misfire to full combustion. In this region, a 60% reduction in the estimation error was obtained, from 0.66mg to 0.27mg standard deviation.
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ACC - Bayesian Method for Fuel Mass Estimation of Short Pilot Injections based on its Misfire Probability
2020 American Control Conference (ACC), 2020Co-Authors: Carlos Jorques Moreno, Ola Stenlaas, Per TunestalAbstract:A fuel mass estimation method for short Pilot Diesel injections is proposed and analyzed in this article. Previous studies showed that the Pilot misfire ratio was more strongly correlated with the fuel mass than the on-time. This characteristic is exploited for the fuel mass estimation in a region where it is otherwise challenging to get good estimation accuracy due to the low signal-to-noise ratio, such as by rail pressure measurements or in-cylinder pressure for heat release estimation. The suggested method uses a Bayesian approach where the calibrated injectors, the Pilot misfire ratio and the misfire detection are stochastically modelled. The effect of the different model parameters and dispersion on the estimator properties are analyzed. Experimental results in a Scania D13 Diesel engine confirm the improvement in the Pilot mass estimation, for the regions within the transition from full misfire to full combustion. In this region, a 60% reduction in the estimation error was obtained, from 0.66mg to 0.27mg standard deviation.
Gordon Mctaggart-cowan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Progress in the development of natural gas high pressure direct injection for Euro VI heavy-duty trucks
Proceedings, 2016Co-Authors: Patric Ouelette, Dale Goudie, Gordon Mctaggart-cowanAbstract:Injecting natural gas directly in the combustion chamber at the end of the compression stroke, High Pressure Direct Injection (HPDI) of Natural Gas, ignited with Pilot Diesel fuel, preserves the fundamental characteristics of Diesel combustion such as high efficiency and high specific torque. High combustion efficiency coupled with the lower carbon content of natural gas results in the potential for significant reductions in greenhouse gases. Furthermore because the technology is fundamentally a Diesel-like combustion, the powertrain requires few modifications, enabling the manufacturers to preserve and benefit from their Diesel investments.
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NOX REDUCTION FROM A HEAVY-DUTY Diesel ENGINE WITH DIRECT INJECTION OF NATURAL GAS AND COOLED EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION
International Journal of Engine Research, 2004Co-Authors: Gordon Mctaggart-cowan, P. G. Hill, W. K. Bushe, Sandeep MunshiAbstract:AbstractA heavy-duty ISX Diesel engine has been commissioned for single-cylinder operation fuelled with Pilot Diesel ignited natural gas injected directly into the cylinder. The stock ISX engine was modified by replacing the Diesel fuelling system with a high-pressure natural gas system, replacing the turbocharger with an independently controlled supercharger and installing a variable-flow exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system. A study of the impact of cooled EGR on engine performance and gaseous emissions was carried out. Various engine speeds, loads and injection timings were tested over a range of EGR fractions. A preliminary study of the effect of EGR ‘type’—supplemental or replacement—was also carried out. The results indicate that the NOx emissions varied linearly with the intake oxygen mass fraction (representative of the EGR fraction) until NOx emissions reached 20 per cent of their non-EGR levels. Further NOx reductions were achieved with higher EGR fractions, but the rate of reduction was signi...
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A supercharged heavy-duty Diesel single-cylinder research engine for high-pressure direct injection of natural gas
International Journal of Engine Research, 2003Co-Authors: Gordon Mctaggart-cowan, P. G. Hill, W. K. Bushe, Sandeep MunshiAbstract:AbstractA single cylinder of a heavy-duty Diesel engine has been commissioned for research on the use of Pilot Diesel ignited natural gas which is directly injected into the cylinder. The cylinder is supercharged and equipped for exhaust gas recirculation. Performance and emissions measurements have been made over a range of loads, speeds, timings and equivalence ratios to indicate the potential for emissions reduction of high-pressure direct injection of natural gas. With independent control of boost pressure and engine backpressure, an examination has been made of the similarities and differences in performance of the single-cylinder engine and its multi-cylinder counterpart.