The Experts below are selected from a list of 2028 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Daniel Kleinmarcuschamer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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environmental life cycle assessment lca of aviation biofuel from microalgae Pongamia pinnata and sugarcane molasses
Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2014Co-Authors: Kelly Cox, M A Renouf, Aidan Dargan, Christopher Turner, Daniel KleinmarcuschamerAbstract:The environmental benefits and trade-offs of automotive biofuels are well known, but less is known about aviation biofuels. We modeled the environmental impacts of three pathways for aviation biofuel in Australia (from microalgae, Pongamia, and sugarcane molasses) using attributional life cycle assessments (LCAs), applying both economic allocation and system expansion. Based on economic allocation, sugarcane molasses has the better fossil energy ratio FER (1.7 MJ out/MJ in) and GHG abatement (73% less than aviation kerosene) of the three, but with trade-offs of higher water use and eutrophication potential. Microalgae and Pongamia have lower FER and GHG abatement (1.0 and 1.1; 53% and 43%), but mostly avoid eutrophication and reduce water use trade-offs. All have similar and relatively low land use intensities. If produced on land where existing carbon stocks are not compromised, the sugarcane and microalgae pathways would currently meet a 50% GHG abatement requirement. Based on system expansion, microalgae and Pongamia had lower impacts than sugarcane for all categories except energy input, highlighting the positive aspects of these next-generation feedstocks. The low fossil energy conservation potential of these pathways was found to be a drawback, and significant energy efficiencies will be needed before they can affect fossil energy conservation. Energy recovery from processing residues (base case) was preferable over use as animal feed (variant case), and crucial for favorable energy and GHG conservation. However this finding is at odds with the economic preferences identified in a companion technoeconomic study.
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technoeconomic analysis of renewable aviation fuel from microalgae Pongamia pinnata and sugarcane
Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2013Co-Authors: Peter M Gresshoff, Christopher Turner, Daniel Kleinmarcuschamer, Mark Allen, Peter P Gray, Ralf G Dietzgen, Ben Hankamer, Kirsten HeimannAbstract:Technoeconomic analysis of renewable aviation fuels has not been widely considered, despite the increasing global attention that the field has received. We present three process models for production of aviation-fuel from microalgae, Pongamia pinnata seeds and sugarcane molasses. The models and assumptions have been deposited on a wiki (http://qsafi.aibn.uq.edu.au) and are open and accessible to the community. Based on currently available long-term reputable technological data, this analysis indicates that the biorefineries processing the microalgae, Pongamia seeds, and sugarcane feedstocks would be competitive with crude oil at $1343, $374, and $301/bbl, respectively. Sensitivity analyses of the major economic drivers suggest technological and market developments that would bring the corresponding figures down to $385, $255, and $168/bbl. The dynamic nature of the freely accessible models will allow the community to track progress toward economic competitiveness of aviation fuels from these renewable feedstocks.
Mahitha Udayakumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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investigation on the effect of injection system parameters on performance and emission characteristics of a twin cylinder compression ignition direct injection engine fuelled with Pongamia biodiesel diesel blend using response surface methodology
Applied Energy, 2011Co-Authors: M Pandian, S.p. Sivapirakasam, Mahitha UdayakumarAbstract:This study is aimed at investigating the effect of injection system parameters such as injection pressure, injection timing and nozzle tip protrusion on the performance and emission characteristics of a twin cylinder water cooled naturally aspirated CIDI engine. Biodiesel, derived from Pongamia seeds through transesterification process, blended with diesel was used as fuel in this work. The experiments were designed using a statistical tool known as Design of Experiments (DoE) based on response surface methodology (RSM). The resultant models of the response surface methodology were helpful to predict the response parameters such as Brake Specific Energy Consumption (BSEC), Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbon (HC), smoke opacity and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) and further to identify the significant interactions between the input factors on the responses. The results depicted that the BSEC, CO, HC and smoke opacity were lesser, and BTE and NOx were higher at 2.5 mm nozzle tip protrusion, 225 bar of injection pressure and at 30° BTDC of injection timing. Optimization of injection system parameters was performed using the desirability approach of the response surface methodology for better performance and lower NOx emission. An injection pressure of 225 bar, injection timing of 21° BTDC and 2.5 mm nozzle tip protrusion were found to be optimal values for the Pongamia biodiesel blended diesel fuel operation in the test engine of 7.5 kW at 1500 rpm.
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investigations on emission characteristics of the Pongamia biodiesel diesel blend fuelled twin cylinder compression ignition direct injection engine using exhaust gas recirculation methodology and dimethyl carbonate as additive
Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 2010Co-Authors: M Pandian, S.p. Sivapirakasam, Mahitha UdayakumarAbstract:Experiments were carried out on a twin cylinder direct injection compression ignition engine using Pongamia biodiesel–diesel blend as fuel with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as additive. The experimental results showed that Pongamia biodiesel–diesel blend fuelled engine with EGR and DMC can simultaneously reduce smoke and nitric oxide (NOx) emission. The NOx emission was reduced by about 17.68% for 10% of EGR introduction and about 13.55% increase in smoke emission. When dimethyl carbonate was added with EGR, the engine emits lower smoke with lesser NOx emission, and it showed that the smoke reduction rate had a linear relationship with DMC percentage. The carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions also decreased when DMC was added. However, the addition of DMC with EGR caused an increase in both BSEC and BTE.
M.p. Sharma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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investigation of oxidation stability of Pongamia biodiesel and its blends with diesel
Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 2016Co-Authors: Gaurav Dwivedi, M.p. SharmaAbstract:Abstract Biodiesel from Pongamia oil is one of the promising non edible sources in India. But the main problem of using Pongamia biodiesel as fuel is its poor stability characteristics. Poor stability leads to gum formation which further leads to a storage problem of these fuels for a longer period of time. This paper investigates the methodology of improving the stability characteristics of Pongamia biodiesel by blending with diesel and use of the antioxidant Pyrogallol. The experimental investigation shows that blending with diesel and using of antioxidant Pyrogallol improves the stability characteristics of Pongamia biodiesel significantly. Results of the study show that the optimum amount of antioxidant (PY) for pure PB 20 is 300 ppm to maintain the oxidation stability specification and blending of diesel with Pongamia shows that PB 10 requires no additive to maintain its stability characteristics.
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experimental investigation on thermal stability of Pongamia biodiesel by thermogravimetric analysis
Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 2016Co-Authors: Gaurav Dwivedi, M.p. SharmaAbstract:Abstract Pongamia biodiesel is the most promising alternative source of energy in India. But the poor oxidation and thermal stability problem associated with it leads to deterioration in its quality and it cannot be stored for a longer period of time. The high temperature engine operation is also affected due to poor thermal stability of the biodiesel. This paper investigates the thermal and oxidation stability of Pongamia biodiesel and effect of metal contaminants on its stability. The thermodynamic parameter of kinetic energy of the samples was evaluated by direct Arrhenius plot. Results show that Pyrogallol improves the oxidation and thermal stability of Pongamia biodiesel with an increase in induction period from 1.83 to 12.11 h and in activation energy from 45.66 to 70.23 kJ/mol while the addition of iron metal contaminants decrease the induction period to 0.77 h and activation energy to 24.55 kJ/mol.
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Application of Box-Behnken design in optimization of biodiesel yield from Pongamia oil and its stability analysis
Fuel, 2015Co-Authors: Gaurav Dwivedi, M.p. SharmaAbstract:The present paper implements the Box-Behnken response surface methodology for maximizing the biodiesel yield from Pongamia oil by optimizing the four process variables. A biodiesel yield of 98.4% was achieved with methanol/oil molar ratio (11.06:1) using KOH as catalyst (1.43% w/w) in 81.43 min at a temperature of 56.6 °C. But the major problem associated with Pongamia biodiesel is its poor oxidation stability. This paper also investigates the methodology to improve the oxidation stability characteristics of Pongamia biodiesel. The result of investigation show that the use of antioxidant Pyrogallol (200 ppm) significantly improve the induction period from 1.83 h to 6.5 h for Pongamia biodiesel while PB 10 blend can maintain its stability without any antioxidant.
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effect of metal on stability and cold flow property of Pongamia biodiesel
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2015Co-Authors: Gaurav Dwivedi, M.p. SharmaAbstract:Abstract Due to rise in prices of petroleum product the Indian economy is facing burden on the economic front to meet the fuel supply demand. There is large imbalance between the demand and supply of petroleum products. So the government and various research organizations are working on the development of alternative fuel to diesel. Among the various prospective source of alternative fuel Pongamia oil is being identified as one of the important source of biodiesel production in India. But the poor stability and cold flow property associated with the Pongamia biodiesel make it difficult for using it as alternative fuel to diesel. The storage of biodiesel is the major research area for its long term use. The present paper aims to study the effect of metal on the stability and cold flow property of Pongamia biodiesel. The result of investigation show that stability of various metal varies in order of Iron> Aluminium> Zinc while all these material deteriorate the cold flow property of Pongamia biodiesel and make it unsuitable for its long term use.
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prospects of biodiesel from Pongamia in india
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2014Co-Authors: Gaurav Dwivedi, M.p. SharmaAbstract:Abstract Pongamia is forest-based tree containing non-edible oil and has a large production potential of biodiesel which can grow on any type of soil, needs minimum input and management, have low moisture demand, productive life is more than 40 years and seeds have 28–34% oil content. Biodiesel yield of 99% is obtained from Pongamia oil by transesterification under the molar ratio of 6:1 of alcohol to oil with Sodium hydroxide as a catalyst of 0.5 vol% and operating temperature of 60 °C with time for production process being 1 h. The study shows that brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency of B20 biodiesel from Pongamia is quite comparable to diesel. The hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide gas emissions are quite low in case of Pongamia biodiesel as compared to diesel. This paper describes the various aspects of Pongamia as potential fuel in India.
Peter M Gresshoff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genetic biochemical and morphological diversity of the legume biofuel tree Pongamia pinnata
Plant Genetics Genomics and Biotechnology, 2017Co-Authors: Qunyi Jiang, Shangheng Yen, Jiri Stiller, David Edwards, Paul T Scott, Peter M GresshoffAbstract:Pongamia pinnata is regarded as a sustainable biofuel feedstock of the future because of its abundant production of oil-rich seeds, tolerance to abiotic stress, and ability to undergo biological nitrogen fixation (minimizing nitrogen inputs). However, it needs extensive domestication through selection and genetic improvement. Owing to its outcrossing nature, Pongamia displays large phenotypic diversity, which is advantageous for selection of desirable phenotypes but problematic for plantation management. In this study, variation was evaluated for seed mass, oil content, and oil composition. To evaluate genetic diversity and to lay the basis for a molecular breeding approach we developed second generation sequencing (2GS)-derived ISSR markers (Pongamia Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats; PISSR). The special feature of PISSRs is that the number of nucleotide repeats and the 5’ and 3’ nucleotide extensions were not arbitrarily chosen, but were based on Pongamia genomic sequences obtained from a NGS (Illumina®) database. Amplification products were resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining or automated capillary electrophoresis to yield distinct and reproducible profiles. Polymorphic bands were excised from polyacrylamide gels and sequenced to reveal similarity to DNA sequences from other legumes. We demonstrated: 1) an abundance of nucleotide core repeats in the Pongamia genome, 2) large genetic and phenotypic diversity among randomly sampled Pongamia trees, 3) restricted diversity in progeny derived from a single mature tree; 4) stability of PISSR markers in Pongamia clones; and 5) genomic DNA sequences within PISSR markers. PISSRs provide a valuable biotechnology tool for assessment of genetic diversity, gene tagging and molecular breeding in Pongamia pinnata.
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de novo sequencing and characterization of seed transcriptome of the tree legume millettia pinnata for gene discovery and ssr marker development
Molecular Breeding, 2016Co-Authors: Jianzi Huang, Peter M Gresshoff, Xuehong Hao, Xiaohuan Guo, Wanke Zhang, Shouyi Chen, Rongfeng Huang, Yizhi ZhengAbstract:Pongamia (Millettia pinnata) is a promising biofuel crop with multiple merits. Breeding of ideal Pongamia germplasm for industrial application demands substantial progress in molecular biology of this legume species, which has been largely hampered by the paucity of its genomic data. In this study, we constructed and characterized a comprehensive seed transcriptome by the high-throughput Illumina sequencing technology. We obtained over 83 million high-quality reads, which were processed and assembled into 53,586 unigenes with a mean length of 787 bp. Among these unigenes, 39,602 (73.90 %) and 24,078 (44.93 %) showed significant similarity to proteins in the NCBI non-redundant and the Swiss-Prot protein databases, respectively. Of the annotated unigenes, 30,619 (57.14 %) were classified into 56 Gene Ontology categories. Furthermore, 21,905 (40.88 %) unigenes were assigned to 128 pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway database. A set of 364 unigenes involved in five pathways closely related to oil biosynthesis and accumulation were screened out as candidates for future functional analyses. On the other hand, 5710 expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeats (EST-SSRs) were identified in 4951 unigenes with a density of one SSR every 7.39-kb sequence. One hundred EST-SSRs were randomly selected to validate amplification and to assess polymorphism among 12 Pongamia individuals. Eighty-two primer pairs successfully amplified DNA fragments and 17 of them detected polymorphism, in which the polymorphism information content values ranged from 0.14 to 0.57. This transcriptome dataset will serve as a valuable basis for studies on functional genomics, molecular genetics and molecular breeding of Pongamia.
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the value of biodiversity in legume symbiotic nitrogen fixation and nodulation for biofuel and food production
Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities; Science & Engineering Faculty, 2015Co-Authors: Peter M Gresshoff, Bandana Biswas, Satomi Hayashi, Saeid Mirzaei, Arief Indrasumunar, Dugald Reid, Sharon Samuel, Alina Tollenaere, Bethany Van HamerenAbstract:Much of modern agriculture is based on immense populations of genetically identical or near-identical varieties, called cultivars. However, advancement of knowledge, and thus experimental utility, is found through biodiversity, whether naturally-found or induced by the experimenter. Globally we are confronted by ever-growing food and energy challenges. Here we demonstrate how such biodiversity from the food legume crop soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) and the bioenergy legume tree Pongamia (Millettia) pinnata is a great value. Legume plants are diverse and are represented by over 18,000 species on this planet. Some, such as soybean, pea and medics are used as food and animal feed crops. Others serve as ornamental (e.g., wisteria), timber (e.g., acacia/wattle) or biofuel (e.g., Pongamia pinnata) resources. Most legumes develop root organs (nodules) after microsymbiont induction that serve as their habitat for biological nitrogen fixation. Through this, nitrogen fertiliser demand is reduced by the efficient symbiosis between soil Rhizobium-type bacteria and the appropriate legume partner. Mechanistic research into the genetics, biochemistry and physiology of legumes is thus strategically essential for future global agriculture. Here we demonstrate how molecular plant science analysis of the genetics of an established food crop (soybean) and an emerging biofuel P. pinnata feedstock contributes to their utility by sustainable production aided by symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
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technoeconomic analysis of renewable aviation fuel from microalgae Pongamia pinnata and sugarcane
Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2013Co-Authors: Peter M Gresshoff, Christopher Turner, Daniel Kleinmarcuschamer, Mark Allen, Peter P Gray, Ralf G Dietzgen, Ben Hankamer, Kirsten HeimannAbstract:Technoeconomic analysis of renewable aviation fuels has not been widely considered, despite the increasing global attention that the field has received. We present three process models for production of aviation-fuel from microalgae, Pongamia pinnata seeds and sugarcane molasses. The models and assumptions have been deposited on a wiki (http://qsafi.aibn.uq.edu.au) and are open and accessible to the community. Based on currently available long-term reputable technological data, this analysis indicates that the biorefineries processing the microalgae, Pongamia seeds, and sugarcane feedstocks would be competitive with crude oil at $1343, $374, and $301/bbl, respectively. Sensitivity analyses of the major economic drivers suggest technological and market developments that would bring the corresponding figures down to $385, $255, and $168/bbl. The dynamic nature of the freely accessible models will allow the community to track progress toward economic competitiveness of aviation fuels from these renewable feedstocks.
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capturing the biofuel wellhead and powerhouse the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of the leguminous feedstock tree Pongamia pinnata
PLOS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Stephen Kazakoff, David Edwards, Paul T Scott, Michael Imelfort, Jasper J Koehorst, Bandana Biswas, J R Batley, Peter M GresshoffAbstract:Pongamia pinnata (syn. Millettia pinnata) is a novel, fast-growing arboreal legume that bears prolific quantities of oil-rich seeds suitable for the production of biodiesel and aviation biofuel. Here, we have used Illumina® ‘Second Generation DNA Sequencing (2GS)’ and a new short-read de novo assembler, SaSSY, to assemble and annotate the Pongamia chloroplast (152,968 bp; cpDNA) and mitochondrial (425,718 bp; mtDNA) genomes. We also show that SaSSY can be used to accurately assemble 2GS data, by re-assembling the Lotus japonicus cpDNA and in the process assemble its mtDNA (380,861 bp). The Pongamia cpDNA contains 77 unique protein-coding genes and is almost 60% gene-dense. It contains a 50 kb inversion common to other legumes, as well as a novel 6.5 kb inversion that is responsible for the non-disruptive, re-orientation of five protein-coding genes. Additionally, two copies of an inverted repeat firmly place the species outside the subclade of the Fabaceae lacking the inverted repeat. The Pongamia and L. japonicus mtDNA contain just 33 and 31 unique protein-coding genes, respectively, and like other angiosperm mtDNA, have expanded intergenic and multiple repeat regions. Through comparative analysis with Vigna radiata we measured the average synonymous and non-synonymous divergence of all three legume mitochondrial (1.59% and 2.40%, respectively) and chloroplast (8.37% and 8.99%, respectively) protein-coding genes. Finally, we explored the relatedness of Pongamia within the Fabaceae and showed the utility of the organellar genome sequences by mapping transcriptomic data to identify up- and down-regulated stress-responsive gene candidates and confirm in silico predicted RNA editing sites.
Gaurav Dwivedi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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investigation of oxidation stability of Pongamia biodiesel and its blends with diesel
Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 2016Co-Authors: Gaurav Dwivedi, M.p. SharmaAbstract:Abstract Biodiesel from Pongamia oil is one of the promising non edible sources in India. But the main problem of using Pongamia biodiesel as fuel is its poor stability characteristics. Poor stability leads to gum formation which further leads to a storage problem of these fuels for a longer period of time. This paper investigates the methodology of improving the stability characteristics of Pongamia biodiesel by blending with diesel and use of the antioxidant Pyrogallol. The experimental investigation shows that blending with diesel and using of antioxidant Pyrogallol improves the stability characteristics of Pongamia biodiesel significantly. Results of the study show that the optimum amount of antioxidant (PY) for pure PB 20 is 300 ppm to maintain the oxidation stability specification and blending of diesel with Pongamia shows that PB 10 requires no additive to maintain its stability characteristics.
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experimental investigation on thermal stability of Pongamia biodiesel by thermogravimetric analysis
Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 2016Co-Authors: Gaurav Dwivedi, M.p. SharmaAbstract:Abstract Pongamia biodiesel is the most promising alternative source of energy in India. But the poor oxidation and thermal stability problem associated with it leads to deterioration in its quality and it cannot be stored for a longer period of time. The high temperature engine operation is also affected due to poor thermal stability of the biodiesel. This paper investigates the thermal and oxidation stability of Pongamia biodiesel and effect of metal contaminants on its stability. The thermodynamic parameter of kinetic energy of the samples was evaluated by direct Arrhenius plot. Results show that Pyrogallol improves the oxidation and thermal stability of Pongamia biodiesel with an increase in induction period from 1.83 to 12.11 h and in activation energy from 45.66 to 70.23 kJ/mol while the addition of iron metal contaminants decrease the induction period to 0.77 h and activation energy to 24.55 kJ/mol.
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Investigation and Improvement in Cold Flow Properties of Pongamia Biodiesel
Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2015Co-Authors: Gaurav Dwivedi, Mahendra Pal SharmaAbstract:Cold flow properties are the main issue regarding the development of Pongamia biodiesel as alternative fuel to diesel. The poor cold flow property of biodiesel results in gum formation and crystallization of fuel particles which can be improved by winterization, blending and addition of cold flow improvers. The experimental investigation shows that Cloud Point and Pour Point of Pongamia biodiesel (PB_100) is 20 °C and 19 °C respectively. The winterization process results in improvement of 5 °C in CP and PP respectively for PB_100. The blending of Pongamia biodiesel with diesel and kerosene results in improvement of Cloud Point by 9 and 11.5 °C and Pour Point by 11 and 12.5 °C respectively. It is found that ethanol as cold flow improver plays major role in enhancement of Cloud Point and Pour Point as it improve both by 10 °C. The result of investigation recommends the use of PE_20 fuel for engine operation under cold climatic condition without any fuel quality problem. Out of various methods for improving cold flow properties addition of cold flow improver is best method to achieve the desired values of cold flow properties for biodiesel.
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Application of Box-Behnken design in optimization of biodiesel yield from Pongamia oil and its stability analysis
Fuel, 2015Co-Authors: Gaurav Dwivedi, M.p. SharmaAbstract:The present paper implements the Box-Behnken response surface methodology for maximizing the biodiesel yield from Pongamia oil by optimizing the four process variables. A biodiesel yield of 98.4% was achieved with methanol/oil molar ratio (11.06:1) using KOH as catalyst (1.43% w/w) in 81.43 min at a temperature of 56.6 °C. But the major problem associated with Pongamia biodiesel is its poor oxidation stability. This paper also investigates the methodology to improve the oxidation stability characteristics of Pongamia biodiesel. The result of investigation show that the use of antioxidant Pyrogallol (200 ppm) significantly improve the induction period from 1.83 h to 6.5 h for Pongamia biodiesel while PB 10 blend can maintain its stability without any antioxidant.
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effect of metal on stability and cold flow property of Pongamia biodiesel
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2015Co-Authors: Gaurav Dwivedi, M.p. SharmaAbstract:Abstract Due to rise in prices of petroleum product the Indian economy is facing burden on the economic front to meet the fuel supply demand. There is large imbalance between the demand and supply of petroleum products. So the government and various research organizations are working on the development of alternative fuel to diesel. Among the various prospective source of alternative fuel Pongamia oil is being identified as one of the important source of biodiesel production in India. But the poor stability and cold flow property associated with the Pongamia biodiesel make it difficult for using it as alternative fuel to diesel. The storage of biodiesel is the major research area for its long term use. The present paper aims to study the effect of metal on the stability and cold flow property of Pongamia biodiesel. The result of investigation show that stability of various metal varies in order of Iron> Aluminium> Zinc while all these material deteriorate the cold flow property of Pongamia biodiesel and make it unsuitable for its long term use.