The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Yao-hua Tan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Developing multi-sided Platforms for public-private information sharing
Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research - dg.o '13, 2013Co-Authors: Nitesh Bharosa, Bram Klievink, Marijn Janssen, Yao-hua TanAbstract:Multi-sided Platforms (MSPs) represent an active area in economics and electronic markets, but are given scant attention in digital government research. While the body of knowledge on commercial MSPs is steadily growing, little empirical substantiation exists about the series of design choices that stakeholders conduct in order to realize information infrastructures in a public-private setting. This paper investigates the barriers and decisions that influence the public-private design of MSPs. Two public-private initiatives are investigated: (1) standard business reporting and (2) an international logistic information Platform. The barriers and decisions in the current portrayal of both cases are analysed on two aspects: (1) the Platform Governance and (2) the information infrastructure. Research data is collected through knowledge retention projects in which researchers and practitioners reflect on design choices. We found that rather than developing an information infrastructure and demanding that businesses use it, government agencies detach from the classical approach and actively tempt businesses to partner in achieving long-term goals. A cross-case comparison shows that in the public-private setting government agencies need to employ a careful mix of instruments (i.e., business incentives, legislation and standard development) in order to realise successful information infrastructures. Both government agencies and businesses are still learning in terms of employing MSPs for realising change.
Helmut Krcmar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Setting Up a Platform Ecosystem - How to integrate app developer experience
2020Co-Authors: Weiß Niklas, Maximilian Schreieck, Manuel Wiesche, Helmut KrcmarAbstract:Platform Governance is a fundamental task for operating a Platform ecosystem. A Platform owner needs to orchestrate the app developers on its Platform. Even though Platform Governance is frequently considered in information systems (IS) research, there is little knowledge on how Platform owners can acquire skills and knowledge on Platform Governance. This is particular relevant in early phases of Platforms. This paper strives to shed light on how an automotive manufacturer who has little experience as Platform owner creates a Platform and improves its Platform Governance. Based on four episodes from observed in the development department’s practices, we identify transfer of knowledge and integration of artifacts as basic mechanisms that enable the Platform owner to benefit from interactions with app developers. Our work contributes to the under-investigated field of Platform emergence and provides valuable insights for practitioners.
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how Platform Governance changes when customers become developers
Academy of Management Proceedings, 2019Co-Authors: Maximilian Schreieck, Manuel Wiesche, Helmut KrcmarAbstract:Platform ecosystems in the software industry are considered to have two sides: third-party developers that provide applications and customers that use these applications. However, in many Platform ...
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Wirtschaftsinformatik - Developing an Industrial IoT Platform – Trade-off between Horizontal and Vertical Approaches
Wirtschaftsinformatik und Angewandte Informatik, 2019Co-Authors: Louisa Schermuly, Maximilian Schreieck, Manuel Wiesche, Helmut KrcmarAbstract:Demands for a digitalized, connected, and smart production provide a fertile ground for industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT) Platforms to arise within the manufacturing industry (e.g., Siemens MindSphere, AXOOM Smart Enterprise, FORCAM FORCE). Nevertheless, many companies struggle to successfully kick-off Platform ecosystems. Information Systems (IS) literature is of limited help, because insights on managing Platform ecosystems are mostly derived from successful examples in the business-to-consumer (B2C) context. To better understand the challenging situation of companies in the emerging IIoT environment, we conducted an in-depth case study at a prospective Platform provider. Insights gained through interviews and engagement in the field uncovered a tension between a horizontal Platform strategy and vertical integrated solutions as a central challenge for companies aiming to launch an IIoT-Platform in the market. By conceptualizing this trade-off, its causes along with related benefits and challenges, we add to existing literature on Platform Governance and launch strategies.
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The Challenge of Governing Digital Platform Ecosystems
Digital Marketplaces Unleashed, 2018Co-Authors: Maximilian Schreieck, Andreas Hein, Manuel Wiesche, Helmut KrcmarAbstract:Multi‐sided Platforms (MSPs) continue to disrupt long‐established industries. Therefore, there is a growing popularity to scientifically examine how and why those Platforms become more and more economically important. The centerpiece to orchestrate the interaction between the involved parties is the Platform Governance. While past studies concentrated on describing and identifying those mechanisms, this article aims to provide more detailed knowledge of the practical implications of implementing Platform mechanisms differently. With this goal in mind, the article conducted a literature review to identify important Platform Governance mechanisms. Building on that, a multiple case analysis was carried out examining seven successful MSPs and how they governed their Platform. The results indicate that Platform Governance mechanisms are incorporated in different shapes and characteristics. The Governance structure, for example, ranged from a very centralistic and autocratic organization to a more split approach with empowerment on the user side. Also, the accessibility varies from a high degree of openness to detailed background checks users need to pass in order to participate in the Platform. Out of these findings, different tradeoffs can be derived. A high degree of openness, for example, goes along with a greater quantity of products or services, but lacks in quality and indicates a higher perceived risk. Overall this article shows the practical implications and characteristics of different Platform Governance characteristics and helps practitioners and scientists to learn from successful MSPs.
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ICSOB - Governing Platforms in the Internet of Things
Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 2017Co-Authors: Maximilian Schreieck, Manuel Wiesche, Christoph Hakes, Helmut KrcmarAbstract:The ambivalent paradigm Internet of Things (IoT) is gaining importance in today’s industries. To manage the various devices built on different technologies and to apply complex event-triggered business rules to the data streams, Platforms are necessary tools for almost all use cases. In the recent years, hundreds of vendors entered the intransparent IoT Platform market, from small startups focusing on niches, to large enterprise vendors offering professional solutions. These Platforms need tools to orchestrate the interactions between the different sides involved, so-called Platform Governance mechanisms. The purpose of this multiple case study analysis is to explore the Platform Governance mechanisms applied in IoT Platforms. To achieve this goal, we explored the Governance concepts of eight selected Platforms in a multiple case study analysis, resulting in a description of the important aspects and differences regarding Platform Governance. Moreover, the four main trade-offs that Platform vendors must be aware of are subsequently discussed. In a last step, an evaluation and discussion of the contribution to theory and practice is provided.
Nicolas P Suzor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The rule of law on Instagram: An evaluation of the moderation of images depicting women's bodies
University of New South Wales law journal, 2020Co-Authors: Alice Witt, Nicolas P Suzor, Anna HugginsAbstract:This article uses innovative digital research methods to evaluate the moderation of images that depict women’s bodies on Instagram against the Western legal ideal of the rule of law. Specifically, this article focuses on the contested rule of law values of formal equality, certainty, reason giving, transparency, participation and accountability. Female forms are the focal point for our investigation due to widespread concerns that the Platform is arbitrarily removing some images of women’s bodies and, possibly, privileging certain body types. After examining whether 4944 like images depicting (a) Underweight, (b) Mid-Range and (c) Overweight women’s bodies were moderated alike, we identify an overall trend of inconsistent moderation. Our results show that up to 22 per cent of images are potentially false positives – images that do not appear to violate Instagram’s content policies and were removed. The Platform’s opaque moderation processes, however, make it impossible to identify whether images were removed by Instagram or by the user. This article concludes that the apparent lack of rule of law values in the Platform’s moderation processes, and Instagram’s largely unfettered power to moderate content, are significant normative concerns which pose an ongoing risk of arbitrariness for women and users more broadly. We propose ways that Platforms can improve transparency, and advocate for the continued development of digital methods for empirical, legal analysis of Platform Governance. These improvements are crucial to help identify arbitrariness where it exists and to allay the suspicions and fears of users where it does not.
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The responsibilities of Platforms: A new constitutionalism to promote the legitimacy of decentralized Governance
2020Co-Authors: Nicolas P SuzorAbstract:This paper reviews the legitimacy terms of service of fifteen of the largest English-language social media Platforms through the lens of the rule law. Each contract was analyzed to identify the extent to which they provided protections for due process interests of users. In all cases examined, the terms of service provided broad, unfettered discretion to Platform owners. This is a serious failing from the perspective of the rule of law. Like constitutional documents, terms of service grant powers; but unlike constitutions, they rarely limit those powers or regulate the ways they are exercised. This paper takes stock of current debates about Governance of the internet and the role of intermediaries in enforcing legal and social norms. I highlight the extents and limits of different forms of control that intermediaries can exercise over their users, and the social, legal, economic, and technical forces that act on intermediaries themselves. I argue that a new constitutionalism is needed to protect substantive and procedural rights in a decentralized regulatory environment. Recognizing that intermediaries always exercise some degree of regulatory control over their networks, I argue that some level of decentralization of Governance is both inevitable and desirable. It will become increasingly important, however, to ensure that private Platforms enforce rules in a manner that is regular, transparent, equally and proportionately applied, and fair. This paper seeks to progress this debate by providing a framework to evaluate the legitimacy of Platform Governance in practice.
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queer women s experiences of patchwork Platform Governance on tinder instagram and vine
Convergence, 2020Co-Authors: Stefanie Duguay, Jean Burgess, Nicolas P SuzorAbstract:Leaked documents, press coverage, and user protests have increasingly drawn attention to social media Platforms’ seemingly contradictory Governance practices. We investigate the Governance approaches of Tinder, Instagram, and Vine through detailed analyses of each Platform, using the ‘walkthrough method’ (Light, Burgess, and Duguay, 2016 The walkthrough method: An approach to the study of apps. New Media & Society 20(3).), as well as interviews with their queer female users. Across these three Platforms, we identify a common approach we call ‘patchwork Platform Governance’: one that relies on formal policies and content moderation mechanisms but pays little attention to dominant Platform technocultures (including both developer cultures and cultures of use) and their sustaining architectures. Our analysis of these Platforms and reported user experiences shows that formal Governance measures like Terms of Service and flagging mechanisms did not protect users from harassment, discrimination, and censorship....
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a constitutional moment how we might reimagine Platform Governance
Computer Law & Security Review, 2020Co-Authors: Nicolas P SuzorAbstract:Abstract We are at a constitutional moment for the future of the internet. Nation states around the world are launching major new initiatives to regulate the internet, both directly against users and by regulating the companies that provide access to telecommunications infrastructure and content services. The giant technology companies that control the bulk of the commercial internet are themselves under unprecedented scrutiny for the policies they set, the decisions they make, and the choices that go into designing their architecture. In my new book, Lawless, I argue that in this moment of change there is a major opportunity for us all to rethink how the internet should be governed, how power is held to account, and whose values prevail. 1
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Understanding content moderation systems: new methods to understand internet Governance at scale, over time, and across Platforms
2019Co-Authors: Nicolas P SuzorAbstract:There is increasing global concern about how the decisions of internet and telecommunications companies impact on human rights. As a key priority, if we care about how intermediaries govern their networks, we need to be able to measure their impact on human rights and work out how we can use this information to help protect them from external pressures that would limit our freedom and how we can hold them accountable for decisions they make on their own initiatives. Understanding the effects that technology companies have on our lives and identifying potential biases and other problems requires careful attention to the inputs and outputs of these systems and how they actually work in different social contexts. Analysis of this type will require large-scale access to data on individual decisions as well as deep qualitative analyses of the automated and human processes that Platforms deploy internally. This chapter presents the ‘Platform Governance Observatory’: new research infrastructure that was designed to enable the systematic study of content moderation practices on major social media Platforms. The core research question that made this infrastructure necessary was to understand, at a large scale, what social media content is moderated and by whom, how this compares between Platforms, and how this changes over time. So far, this infrastructure enables the analysis of content removals of public posts on YouTube, Twitter, and Instagram. The infrastructure I created to support this exploration proceeds on a general design principle of building a random sample of public social media content, and then tests the availability of that sample at a later date.
Nitesh Bharosa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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DG.O - Developing multi-sided Platforms for public-private information sharing: design observations from two case studies
Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research - dg.o '13, 2013Co-Authors: Nitesh Bharosa, Marijn Janssen, Bram KlievinkAbstract:Multi-sided Platforms (MSPs) represent an active area in economics and electronic markets, but are given scant attention in digital government research. While the body of knowledge on commercial MSPs is steadily growing, little empirical substantiation exists about the series of design choices that stakeholders conduct in order to realize information infrastructures in a public-private setting. This paper investigates the barriers and decisions that influence the public-private design of MSPs. Two public-private initiatives are investigated: (1) standard business reporting and (2) an international logistic information Platform. The barriers and decisions in the current portrayal of both cases are analysed on two aspects: (1) the Platform Governance and (2) the information infrastructure. Research data is collected through knowledge retention projects in which researchers and practitioners reflect on design choices. We found that rather than developing an information infrastructure and demanding that businesses use it, government agencies detach from the classical approach and actively tempt businesses to partner in achieving long-term goals. A cross-case comparison shows that in the public-private setting government agencies need to employ a careful mix of instruments (i.e., business incentives, legislation and standard development) in order to realise successful information infrastructures. Both government agencies and businesses are still learning in terms of employing MSPs for realising change.
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Developing multi-sided Platforms for public-private information sharing
Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research - dg.o '13, 2013Co-Authors: Nitesh Bharosa, Bram Klievink, Marijn Janssen, Yao-hua TanAbstract:Multi-sided Platforms (MSPs) represent an active area in economics and electronic markets, but are given scant attention in digital government research. While the body of knowledge on commercial MSPs is steadily growing, little empirical substantiation exists about the series of design choices that stakeholders conduct in order to realize information infrastructures in a public-private setting. This paper investigates the barriers and decisions that influence the public-private design of MSPs. Two public-private initiatives are investigated: (1) standard business reporting and (2) an international logistic information Platform. The barriers and decisions in the current portrayal of both cases are analysed on two aspects: (1) the Platform Governance and (2) the information infrastructure. Research data is collected through knowledge retention projects in which researchers and practitioners reflect on design choices. We found that rather than developing an information infrastructure and demanding that businesses use it, government agencies detach from the classical approach and actively tempt businesses to partner in achieving long-term goals. A cross-case comparison shows that in the public-private setting government agencies need to employ a careful mix of instruments (i.e., business incentives, legislation and standard development) in order to realise successful information infrastructures. Both government agencies and businesses are still learning in terms of employing MSPs for realising change.
Bram Klievink - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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DG.O - Developing multi-sided Platforms for public-private information sharing: design observations from two case studies
Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research - dg.o '13, 2013Co-Authors: Nitesh Bharosa, Marijn Janssen, Bram KlievinkAbstract:Multi-sided Platforms (MSPs) represent an active area in economics and electronic markets, but are given scant attention in digital government research. While the body of knowledge on commercial MSPs is steadily growing, little empirical substantiation exists about the series of design choices that stakeholders conduct in order to realize information infrastructures in a public-private setting. This paper investigates the barriers and decisions that influence the public-private design of MSPs. Two public-private initiatives are investigated: (1) standard business reporting and (2) an international logistic information Platform. The barriers and decisions in the current portrayal of both cases are analysed on two aspects: (1) the Platform Governance and (2) the information infrastructure. Research data is collected through knowledge retention projects in which researchers and practitioners reflect on design choices. We found that rather than developing an information infrastructure and demanding that businesses use it, government agencies detach from the classical approach and actively tempt businesses to partner in achieving long-term goals. A cross-case comparison shows that in the public-private setting government agencies need to employ a careful mix of instruments (i.e., business incentives, legislation and standard development) in order to realise successful information infrastructures. Both government agencies and businesses are still learning in terms of employing MSPs for realising change.
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Developing multi-sided Platforms for public-private information sharing
Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research - dg.o '13, 2013Co-Authors: Nitesh Bharosa, Bram Klievink, Marijn Janssen, Yao-hua TanAbstract:Multi-sided Platforms (MSPs) represent an active area in economics and electronic markets, but are given scant attention in digital government research. While the body of knowledge on commercial MSPs is steadily growing, little empirical substantiation exists about the series of design choices that stakeholders conduct in order to realize information infrastructures in a public-private setting. This paper investigates the barriers and decisions that influence the public-private design of MSPs. Two public-private initiatives are investigated: (1) standard business reporting and (2) an international logistic information Platform. The barriers and decisions in the current portrayal of both cases are analysed on two aspects: (1) the Platform Governance and (2) the information infrastructure. Research data is collected through knowledge retention projects in which researchers and practitioners reflect on design choices. We found that rather than developing an information infrastructure and demanding that businesses use it, government agencies detach from the classical approach and actively tempt businesses to partner in achieving long-term goals. A cross-case comparison shows that in the public-private setting government agencies need to employ a careful mix of instruments (i.e., business incentives, legislation and standard development) in order to realise successful information infrastructures. Both government agencies and businesses are still learning in terms of employing MSPs for realising change.