Plutonium

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F C Klaassen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Plutonium management with thorium based fuels and inert matrix fuels in thermal reactor systems
    Progress in Nuclear Energy, 2007
    Co-Authors: R P C Schram, F C Klaassen
    Abstract:

    Abstract The Plutonium that is produced by light water reactors worldwide is currently re-used to a limited extent. In the last century, the expected introduction of fast reactors and the associated need for large amounts of Plutonium did not take place. The result is that worldwide a stockpile of excess Plutonium has formed, which is the dominant contributor to the radiotoxicity of spent nuclear fuel for storage times from ∼10 2 to 10 5 years. One option to reduce or stabilize the Plutonium stockpile is to utilize this Plutonium in advanced fuel types, such as thorium-based and inert matrix fuels. Because these fuels do not contain uranium, the Plutonium consumption rate is very high. In this paper, the status of the fuel research and some recent developments are given.

Marie Mougindegraef - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • delivery of dtpa through liposomes as a good strategy for enhancing Plutonium decorporation regardless of treatment regimen
    Radiation Research, 2018
    Co-Authors: Olivier Gremy, Laurent Miccoli, Faustine Lelan, Sandra Bohand, Michel Cherel, Marie Mougindegraef
    Abstract:

    In this study, we assessed the efficacy of unilamellar 110-nm liposomes encapsulating the chelating agent diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) in Plutonium-exposed rats. Rats were contaminated by intravenous administration of the soluble citrate form of Plutonium. The comparative effects of liposomal and free DTPA at similar doses were examined in terms of limitation of alpha activity burden in rats receiving various treatment regimens. Liposomal DTPA given at 1 h after contamination more significantly prevented the accumulation of Plutonium in tissues than did free DTPA. Also, when compared to free DTPA, liposome-entrapped DTPA was more efficient when given at late times for mobilization of deposited Plutonium. In addition, repeated injections of liposomal DTPA further improved the removal of Plutonium compared to single injection. Various possible mechanisms of action for DTPA delivered through liposomes are discussed. The advantage of liposomal DTPA over free DTPA was undoubtedly directly and indi...

Masaaki Magara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • direct isotope ratio analysis of individual uranium Plutonium mixed particles with various u pu ratios by thermal ionization mass spectrometry
    Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2015
    Co-Authors: Daisuke Suzuki, Fumitaka Esaka, Yutaka Miyamoto, Masaaki Magara
    Abstract:

    Uranium and Plutonium isotope ratios in individual uranium-Plutonium (U-Pu) mixed particles with various U/Pu atomic ratios were analyzed without prior chemical separation by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). Prior to measurement, micron-sized particles with U/Pu ratios of 1, 5, 10, 18, and 70 were produced from uranium and Plutonium certified reference materials. In the TIMS analysis, the peaks of americium, Plutonium, and uranium ion signals were successfully separated by continuously increasing the evaporation filament current. Consequently, the uranium and Plutonium isotope ratios, except the (238)Pu/(239)Pu ratio, were successfully determined for the particles at all U/Pu ratios. This indicates that TIMS direct analysis allows for the measurement of individual U-Pu mixed particles without prior chemical separation.

  • isotope ratio analysis of individual sub micrometer Plutonium particles with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
    Talanta, 2010
    Co-Authors: Fumitaka Esaka, Daisuke Suzuki, Yutaka Miyamoto, Masaaki Magara, Chigyu Lee, Takaumi Kimura
    Abstract:

    Abstract Information on Plutonium isotope ratios in individual particles is of great importance for nuclear safeguards, nuclear forensics and so on. Although secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is successfully utilized for the analysis of individual uranium particles, the isobaric interference of americium-241 to Plutonium-241 makes difficult to obtain accurate isotope ratios in individual Plutonium particles. In the present work, an analytical technique by a combination of chemical separation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is developed and applied to isotope ratio analysis of individual sub-micrometer Plutonium particles. The ICP-MS results for individual Plutonium particles prepared from a standard reference material (NBL SRM-947) indicate that the use of a desolvation system for sample introduction improves the precision of isotope ratios. In addition, the accuracy of the 241 Pu/ 239 Pu isotope ratio is much improved, owing to the chemical separation of Plutonium and americium. In conclusion, the performance of the proposed ICP-MS technique is sufficient for the analysis of individual Plutonium particles.

R P C Schram - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Plutonium management with thorium based fuels and inert matrix fuels in thermal reactor systems
    Progress in Nuclear Energy, 2007
    Co-Authors: R P C Schram, F C Klaassen
    Abstract:

    Abstract The Plutonium that is produced by light water reactors worldwide is currently re-used to a limited extent. In the last century, the expected introduction of fast reactors and the associated need for large amounts of Plutonium did not take place. The result is that worldwide a stockpile of excess Plutonium has formed, which is the dominant contributor to the radiotoxicity of spent nuclear fuel for storage times from ∼10 2 to 10 5 years. One option to reduce or stabilize the Plutonium stockpile is to utilize this Plutonium in advanced fuel types, such as thorium-based and inert matrix fuels. Because these fuels do not contain uranium, the Plutonium consumption rate is very high. In this paper, the status of the fuel research and some recent developments are given.

Fumitaka Esaka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • direct isotope ratio analysis of individual uranium Plutonium mixed particles with various u pu ratios by thermal ionization mass spectrometry
    Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2015
    Co-Authors: Daisuke Suzuki, Fumitaka Esaka, Yutaka Miyamoto, Masaaki Magara
    Abstract:

    Uranium and Plutonium isotope ratios in individual uranium-Plutonium (U-Pu) mixed particles with various U/Pu atomic ratios were analyzed without prior chemical separation by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). Prior to measurement, micron-sized particles with U/Pu ratios of 1, 5, 10, 18, and 70 were produced from uranium and Plutonium certified reference materials. In the TIMS analysis, the peaks of americium, Plutonium, and uranium ion signals were successfully separated by continuously increasing the evaporation filament current. Consequently, the uranium and Plutonium isotope ratios, except the (238)Pu/(239)Pu ratio, were successfully determined for the particles at all U/Pu ratios. This indicates that TIMS direct analysis allows for the measurement of individual U-Pu mixed particles without prior chemical separation.

  • isotope ratio analysis of individual sub micrometer Plutonium particles with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
    Talanta, 2010
    Co-Authors: Fumitaka Esaka, Daisuke Suzuki, Yutaka Miyamoto, Masaaki Magara, Chigyu Lee, Takaumi Kimura
    Abstract:

    Abstract Information on Plutonium isotope ratios in individual particles is of great importance for nuclear safeguards, nuclear forensics and so on. Although secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is successfully utilized for the analysis of individual uranium particles, the isobaric interference of americium-241 to Plutonium-241 makes difficult to obtain accurate isotope ratios in individual Plutonium particles. In the present work, an analytical technique by a combination of chemical separation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is developed and applied to isotope ratio analysis of individual sub-micrometer Plutonium particles. The ICP-MS results for individual Plutonium particles prepared from a standard reference material (NBL SRM-947) indicate that the use of a desolvation system for sample introduction improves the precision of isotope ratios. In addition, the accuracy of the 241 Pu/ 239 Pu isotope ratio is much improved, owing to the chemical separation of Plutonium and americium. In conclusion, the performance of the proposed ICP-MS technique is sufficient for the analysis of individual Plutonium particles.