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Yury Verlinsky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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is there any predictive value of first Polar Body morphology for embryo genotype or developmental potential
Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 2003Co-Authors: Yury Verlinsky, J Cieslak, Svetlana Lerner, Natalya Illkevitch, Valeri Kuznetsov, Irina Kuznetsov, Anver KulievAbstract:Abstract The first Polar Body (PB1) was previously used for genotyping oocytes in preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for Mendelian and chromosomal disorders. A possible use of PB1 morphology for predicting developmental potential was also explored in a few retrospective studies, which showed controversial results. PB1 morphology was evaluated in a prospective study of 831 oocytes, which were then followed up through preimplantation development, with analysis of fertilization rate, embryo quality, survival to blastocyst, and outcome of embryo transfer, demonstrating no correlation with PB1 morphology. There was also no evidence for a PB1 predictive value for these parameters either in good or poor responder patients. An additional 358 oocytes and embryos from patients requesting PGD were tested for aneuploidies, revealing no relationship with PB1 morphology either. This suggests that PB1 morphology may not be a reliable predictor of genotype or the developmental potential of the corresponding oocytes or embryos.
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Polar Body based preimplantation diagnosis for x linked disorders
Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 2002Co-Authors: Yury Verlinsky, V Ivakhnenko, S Rechitsky, Oleg Verlinsky, D Kenigsberg, J Moshella, Christina Masciangelo, C Strom, Anver KulievAbstract:Abstract Preimplantation diagnosis for X-linked disorders has been performed predominantly by gender determination, which, however, leads to the discarding of 50% unaffected male embryos. In an attempt to identify X-linked mutation-free embryos for transfer, the present authors introduced preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), using a sequential first and second Polar Body analysis, as an alternative to gender determination. This method was offered to eight couples at risk for having children with X-linked disorders, including haemophilia B, fragile-X syndrome (FMR1), myotubular myotonic dystrophy (MTMD), ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency and X-linked hydrocephalus. The first and second Polar bodies were removed following maturation and fertilization of oocytes in a standard IVF protocol and analysed using a multiplex nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), involving testing for mutations simultaneously with linked markers. Overall, 13 PGD cycles were performed, resulting in the detection of 25 embryos with the predicted mutation-free maternal contribution; these embryos were transferred back to the patients in all cycles, yielding four clinical pregnancies. Four children were born following these pregnancies, including three unaffected and one with misdiagnosis as a result of allele dropout (ADO), which was predictable in the case of FMR1. Presented results demonstrate the clinical usefulness of the specific Polar Body testing for X-linked disorders as an alternative to PGD by gender determination.
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neonatal outcome of preimplantation genetic diagnosis by Polar Body removal the first 109 infants
Pediatrics, 2000Co-Authors: C Strom, Anver Kuliev, Christina Masciangelo, Rebecca Levin, Sam Strom, Yury VerlinskyAbstract:Context. Our center developed the technique of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) by sequential Polar Body removal (PBR) for the diagnosis of Mendelian disorders and aneuploidies. This study examines the obstetric and neonatal outcome of the first 109 live births after PGD by PBR. Objective. To determine if there were any observable effects of PGD by PBR on perinatal morbidity and mortality, birth defects, and growth parameters. Design. Data on perinatal outcome were gathered for the first 109 infants by parental reporting and confirmed by telephone interview and chart review when indicated. In infants >6 months old, a follow-up telephone interview was performed establishing the developmental milestones attained by the child. Setting. A research center conducting an institutional review board-approved research protocol in PGD. Patients. All patients who had PGD by PBR who had clinical pregnancies. Main Outcome Measures. Gestational age, mode of delivery, perinatal mortality, birth weight, birth length, the presence of birth defects, and developmental milestones. Results. There was no significant decrease in birth length or weight, or the frequency of small for gestational age infants. No specific pattern of birth defects was observed. Conclusion. Thus far, there are no observable detrimental effects of PGD by PBR on children born after the procedure.
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prevention of age related aneuploidies by Polar Body testing of oocytes
Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 1999Co-Authors: Yury Verlinsky, A. Lifchez, J. Moise, J Cieslak, V Ivakhnenko, M White, B Kaplan, S Evsikov, G Wolf, J. ValleAbstract:Purpose: We previously demonstrated that aneuploidy-free oocytes may be preselected by testing the first and second Polar bodies removed from oocytes following their maturation and fertilization. The present paper describes the results of the application of the method in 659 in vitro fertilization cycles from patients of advanced maternal age. Methods: Using micromanipulation techniques, 3943 oocytes were tested by Polar Body sampling and fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis using specific probes for chromosomes 13, 18, and 21. Results: Fluorescent in situ hybridization results were available for 3217 (81.6%) of 3943 oocytes studied, of which 1388 (43.1%) had aneuploidies; 35.7% of the aneuploidies were of first meiotic division origin, and 26.1% of second meiotic division origin. Most errors in the first meiotic division were represented by chromatid malsegregation. The transfer of embryos deriving from 1558 of 1829 aneuploidy-free oocytes in 614 treatment cycles resulted in 131 clinical pregnancies and 88 healthy children born after confirmation of the Polar Body diagnosis. Conclusions: Polar Body testing of oocytes provides an accurate and reliable approach for prevention of age-related aneuploidies in in vitro fertilization patients of advanced maternal age.
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preimplantation diagnosis of single gene disorders by two step oocyte genetic analysis using first and second Polar Body
Biochemical and Molecular Medicine, 1997Co-Authors: Yury Verlinsky, A. Lifchez, J. Moise, George Wolf, M White, Brian Kaplan, S Rechitsky, Victor Ivakhnenko Jeanine Cieslak, Jorge Walle, Norman GinsbergAbstract:Abstract Previous work on preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) of single gene disorders by the first Polar Body (IPB) analysis has demonstrated that the genotype of a considerable number of embryos resulting from heterozygous oocytes cannot be predicted without testing their second PB (IIPB). To overcome this limitation we introduce a two-step DNA analysis of oocytes using both IPB and IIPB to identify hemizygous mutation-free oocytes following the second meiotic division. In the application of the approach to PGD of cystic fibrosis (CF) Delta F-508 mutation, sickle cell disease, and hemophilia B, 80 oocytes were studied by both PBs, resulting in the identification and transfer of 32 homozygous normal embryos. A follow-up genotyping of 52 embryos, resulting from oocytes tested by both IPB and IIPB demonstrated the accuracy of the predicted genotypes. In addition to a nested PCR analysis of the mutant genes in PBs and resulting embryos, simultaneous amplification of different polymorphic markers was performed, demonstrating the reliability of the two-step Polar Body analysis of oocytes.
Anver Kuliev - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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is there any predictive value of first Polar Body morphology for embryo genotype or developmental potential
Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 2003Co-Authors: Yury Verlinsky, J Cieslak, Svetlana Lerner, Natalya Illkevitch, Valeri Kuznetsov, Irina Kuznetsov, Anver KulievAbstract:Abstract The first Polar Body (PB1) was previously used for genotyping oocytes in preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for Mendelian and chromosomal disorders. A possible use of PB1 morphology for predicting developmental potential was also explored in a few retrospective studies, which showed controversial results. PB1 morphology was evaluated in a prospective study of 831 oocytes, which were then followed up through preimplantation development, with analysis of fertilization rate, embryo quality, survival to blastocyst, and outcome of embryo transfer, demonstrating no correlation with PB1 morphology. There was also no evidence for a PB1 predictive value for these parameters either in good or poor responder patients. An additional 358 oocytes and embryos from patients requesting PGD were tested for aneuploidies, revealing no relationship with PB1 morphology either. This suggests that PB1 morphology may not be a reliable predictor of genotype or the developmental potential of the corresponding oocytes or embryos.
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Polar Body based preimplantation diagnosis for x linked disorders
Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 2002Co-Authors: Yury Verlinsky, V Ivakhnenko, S Rechitsky, Oleg Verlinsky, D Kenigsberg, J Moshella, Christina Masciangelo, C Strom, Anver KulievAbstract:Abstract Preimplantation diagnosis for X-linked disorders has been performed predominantly by gender determination, which, however, leads to the discarding of 50% unaffected male embryos. In an attempt to identify X-linked mutation-free embryos for transfer, the present authors introduced preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), using a sequential first and second Polar Body analysis, as an alternative to gender determination. This method was offered to eight couples at risk for having children with X-linked disorders, including haemophilia B, fragile-X syndrome (FMR1), myotubular myotonic dystrophy (MTMD), ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency and X-linked hydrocephalus. The first and second Polar bodies were removed following maturation and fertilization of oocytes in a standard IVF protocol and analysed using a multiplex nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), involving testing for mutations simultaneously with linked markers. Overall, 13 PGD cycles were performed, resulting in the detection of 25 embryos with the predicted mutation-free maternal contribution; these embryos were transferred back to the patients in all cycles, yielding four clinical pregnancies. Four children were born following these pregnancies, including three unaffected and one with misdiagnosis as a result of allele dropout (ADO), which was predictable in the case of FMR1. Presented results demonstrate the clinical usefulness of the specific Polar Body testing for X-linked disorders as an alternative to PGD by gender determination.
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neonatal outcome of preimplantation genetic diagnosis by Polar Body removal the first 109 infants
Pediatrics, 2000Co-Authors: C Strom, Anver Kuliev, Christina Masciangelo, Rebecca Levin, Sam Strom, Yury VerlinskyAbstract:Context. Our center developed the technique of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) by sequential Polar Body removal (PBR) for the diagnosis of Mendelian disorders and aneuploidies. This study examines the obstetric and neonatal outcome of the first 109 live births after PGD by PBR. Objective. To determine if there were any observable effects of PGD by PBR on perinatal morbidity and mortality, birth defects, and growth parameters. Design. Data on perinatal outcome were gathered for the first 109 infants by parental reporting and confirmed by telephone interview and chart review when indicated. In infants >6 months old, a follow-up telephone interview was performed establishing the developmental milestones attained by the child. Setting. A research center conducting an institutional review board-approved research protocol in PGD. Patients. All patients who had PGD by PBR who had clinical pregnancies. Main Outcome Measures. Gestational age, mode of delivery, perinatal mortality, birth weight, birth length, the presence of birth defects, and developmental milestones. Results. There was no significant decrease in birth length or weight, or the frequency of small for gestational age infants. No specific pattern of birth defects was observed. Conclusion. Thus far, there are no observable detrimental effects of PGD by PBR on children born after the procedure.
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birth of healthy children after preimplantation diagnosis of common aneuploidies by Polar Body fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis
Fertility and Sterility, 1996Co-Authors: Yury Verlinsky, A. Lifchez, J Cieslak, V Ivakhnenko, C Strom, Anver KulievAbstract:Objective To perform preimplantation diagnosis of common aneuploidies by Polar Body analysis and fluorescent in situ hybridization technique using probes specific for chromosomes X, 18, and 13/21. Design The first and/or second Polar bodies were removed and studied by fluorescent in situ hybridization to detect and avoid fertilization and transfer of oocytes with common aneuploidies. Setting The Reproductive Genetics Institute's IVF program at Illinois Masonic Medical Center. Patients One hundred ninety-three couples of advanced maternal age (34 to 46 years) undergoing IVF treatment volunteered to be part of a clinical trial on preimplantation Polar Body diagnosis of common aneuploidies. Interventions Using micromanipulation procedures, the first and second Polar bodies were removed after their extrusion from the oocytes. Main Outcome Measure Fluorescent in situ hybridization signals specific for chromosomes X, 18, and 13/21. Results In 235 IVF cycles performed in 193 couples, 1,293 oocytes were biopsied and subjected to fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis, with fluorescent in situ hybridization results available in 993 oocytes (76.8%). Of 993 oocytes with fluorescent in situ hybridization results, 665 (67%) were predicted to be normal based on the chromosomes studied; 460 embryos resulting from these oocytes were transferred in 187 treatment cycles, resulting in 12 births of healthy children and 18 ongoing pregnancies after confirmation of the Polar Body diagnosis by chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis. Conclusion Polar Body fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis may be used for preimplantation diagnosis of common aneuploidies in IVF patients of advanced maternal age.
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Preimplantation Polar Body Diagnosis
Biochemical and Molecular Medicine, 1996Co-Authors: Yury Verlinsky, Anver KulievAbstract:Abstract Preimplantation Polar Body diagnosis makes it possible to detect and avoid genetic and chromosomal disorders before pregnancy. We have shown that the Polar Body biopsy does not affect fertilization and viability of the resulting embryos. Our present experience of Polar Body diagnosis includes 187 clinical cycles, performed for preimplantation diagnosis of cystic fibrosis, α-1-antitrypsin deficiency, Tay-Sach's disease, retinitis pigmentosa, hemophilia A, Alport and sickle cell disease, and common aneuploidy, using the FISH technique. Over three-quarters of these cycles have resulted in embryo transfer, 38 in clinical pregnancy and 12 in the birth of an unaffected child. The present review describes the results of our clinical trial on the Polar Body diagnosis of genetic and chromosomal disorders, demonstrating the reliability of Polar Body genetic analysis for preimplantation diagnosis.
Zhenbo Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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wash complex regulates arp2 3 complex for actin based Polar Body extrusion in mouse oocytes
Scientific Reports, 2015Co-Authors: Fei Wang, Liang Zhang, Guangli Zhang, Zhenbo WangAbstract:WASH complex regulates Arp2/3 complex for actin-based Polar Body extrusion in mouse oocytes
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mklp2 inhibitior paprotrain affects Polar Body extrusion during mouse oocyte maturation
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 2013Co-Authors: Qiaochu Wang, Zhenbo WangAbstract:Background Mammalian oocyte meiotic maturation involves a number of important processes, including spindle assembly and migration, cortical reorganization and Polar Body extrusion. Numerous proteins contribute to these processes, but it is unknown whether MKlp2 (mitotic kinesin-like protein 2; also called KIF20A), a microtubule-associated protein that regulates cytokinesis during mitosis, is involved in oocyte maturation.
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the small gtpase cdc42 promotes membrane protrusion during Polar Body emission via arp2 nucleated actin polymerization
Molecular Human Reproduction, 2011Co-Authors: J Leblanc, X Zhang, D Mckee, Zhenbo Wang, R LiAbstract:Polar Body emission is a specialized cell division throughout the animal kingdom, serving to reduce chromosome ploidy while preserving the egg cytoplasm. Critical to Polar Body emission are the asymmetric positioning of the meiotic spindle prior to anaphase, with one pole attached to the oocyte cortex, and the simultaneous membrane protrusion during subsequent cytokinesis. We have shown that, during Xenopus oocyte maturation, the small GTPase Cdc42 promotes membrane protrusion while a classical RhoA contractile ring forms and constricts at the base of the protrusion. We report here that treating oocytes with low concentrations of nocodazole diminished the size of metaphase I spindles and prevented Polar Body emission, and yet an active Cdc42 cap of correspondingly diminished size still developed, on time, atop of the spindle pole. Conversely, treating oocytes with low concentrations of taxol resulted in a spindle with multiple poles attached to the cortex, but still each of these poles were associated with activated cortical Cdc42 at the appropriate time. Therefore, the asymmetric positioning of the meiotic spindle with one pole anchored to the cortex is a prerequisite for Cdc42 activation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the Cdc42-regulated F-actin nucleator ARP2/3 complex was similarly localized at the cortex of the protruding Polar Body membrane, suggesting that Cdc42 promotes membrane protrusion through an F-actin meshwork mechanism. Finally, we demonstrated that Cdc42 and RhoA formed similarly complementary activity zones during egg activation and that inhibition of Cdc42 prevented second Polar Body emission. Therefore, Cdc42 activation likely promotes membrane protrusion during Polar Body emission in widespread systems.
G Tews - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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first Polar Body morphology and blastocyst formation rate in icsi patients
Human Reproduction, 2002Co-Authors: Thomas Ebner, C Yaman, M Moser, M Sommergruber, U Pfleger, G TewsAbstract:BACKGROUND: It may be beneficial to identify, at a very early stage of development, concepti that will result in viable blastocysts by using a non-invasive technique. METHODS: Homogeneous groups in terms of first Polar Body (PB) morphology were analysed with regard to fertilization, embryo quality and blastocyst formation. The strategy was to transfer a maximum of two blastocysts with an adequate inner cell mass deriving from oocytes with identical first PBs in order to obtain information about the actual implantation potential. RESULTS: A significant relationship between first PB morphology and embryo quality was found. Fragmentation after 2 days was increased in embryos derived from oocytes with fragmented first PBs (P < 0.05) in comparison with those derived from oocytes with intact PBs. No similar correlation could be demonstrated for fertilization rate. Embryos in the intact first PB group showed an increased rate of blastocyst formation as compared with the fragmented first PB group (P < 0.05). In addition, a significant difference in implantation rate (48.6 versus 22.0%; P < 0.025) and ongoing pregnancy rate (68.4 versus 34.8%; P < 0.05) was observed for the intact versus fragmented groups respectively. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the current study provides further evidence that preselection at a very early stage may be helpful in identifying a subgroup of preimplantation embryos with a good prognosis to form blastocysts and, consequently, to implant.
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prognostic value of first Polar Body morphology on fertilization rate and embryo quality in intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Human Reproduction, 2000Co-Authors: Thomas Ebner, C Yaman, M Moser, M Sommergruber, O Feichtinger, G TewsAbstract:The association between oocyte morphology and subsequent fertilization rate and embryo quality in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is subject to considerable controversy. This retrospective study was carried out to investigate a possible prognostic value of first Polar Body morphology with regard to fertilization rate and embryo quality. A total of 70 consecutive ICSI cases was included in this study. The results showed that classification based on first Polar Body morphology revealed a significant correlation with fertilization rate (P < 0.025) and embryo quality (P < 0.001). Cytoplasmic criteria showed no correlation in this respect. Present data indicate that ICSI of oocytes with intact well-shaped first Polar bodies yields higher fertilization rates and higher quality embryos.
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elective transfer of embryos selected on the basis of first Polar Body morphology is associated with increased rates of implantation and pregnancy
Fertility and Sterility, 1999Co-Authors: Thomas Ebner, C Yaman, M Moser, Oscar Feichtinger, J Hartl, G TewsAbstract:Abstract Objective: To determine the relationship between first Polar Body morphology and implantation rate and pregnancy rate (PR), to facilitate decision making concerning elective ET. Design: Prospective, randomized study. Setting: Fertility center. Patient(s): One hundred fifty-eight consecutive patients (173 intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles) resulting in embryo transfers. Intervention(s): In our study group, priority in ET was given to embryos derived from well-shaped first Polar bodies, whereas selection of embryos for transfer in the control group was based exclusively on the degree of embryo fragmentation. Main Outcome Measure(s): Total numbers of implantations and pregnancies, PR and implantation rate, and rates of multiple pregnancy and miscarriage. Result(s): In the study cohort, 212 embryos were transferred. In the control group, 313 embryos were transferred. The implantation rate and PR were significantly lower in the control group than in the study cohort. In addition, the rate of multiple pregnancy was significantly higher in the study group. Conclusion(s): Elective transfer of embryos selected on the basis of first Polar Body morphology results in higher implantation and pregnancy rates. Multiple pregnancy can be avoided by transferring a reduced number of embryos selected on the basis of first Polar Body morphology.
Markus Montag - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Polar Body biopsy
Fertility and Sterility, 2013Co-Authors: Markus Montag, Maria Koster, Thomas Strowitzki, Bettina TothAbstract:Polar Body biopsy combined with array comparative genomic hybridization allows detection of maternal chromosomal aberrations. Although it has limitations, it can be seen as an alternative to blastomere and trophectoderm biopsy.
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Polar Body biopsy - Advantages of the Eppendorf micromanipulation system
2013Co-Authors: Markus MontagAbstract:A well-established technique which is used in preimplantation genetic diagnostics (PGD) is Polar Body (PB) biopsy. The Polar bodies of the oocyte are extruded at the conclusion of the meiotic division; normally the first Polar Body is noted after ovulation; the second Polar Body is observed 2–3 h following entry of the sperm into the oocyte. Removal of the first and second Polar bodies takes place 6–12 hours after the performance of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The biopsy of the Polar bodies is followed by detection of certain chromosomes using fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) or detection of all chromosomes by comparative genomic hybridization. Using the Eppendorf micromanipulation system with manual injectors and the electronic TransferMan ® 4m micromanipulators in combination with the OCTAX Laser Shot™ System, fast and sensitive handling of the oocyte and Polar bodies can be guaranteed.
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Polar Body diagnosis
Gynakologisch-geburtshilfliche Rundschau, 2009Co-Authors: Markus Montag, Van Der Ven K, Van Der Ven HAbstract:Polar Body diagnosis (PBD) is a diagnostic method for the indirect genetic analysis of oocytes. Polar bodies are by-products of the meiotic cell cycle which have no influence on further embryo development. The biopsy of Polar bodies can be accomplished either by zona drilling or laser drilling within a very short time period. The paternal contribution to the genetic constitution of the developing embryo cannot be diagnosed by PBD. The major application of PBD is the detection of maternally derived chromosomal aneuploidies and translocations in oocytes. For these indications, PBD may offer a viable alternative to blastomere biopsy as the embryo's integrity remains unaffected in contrast to preimplantation genetic diagnosis by blastomere biopsy. The fast development in the field of molecular diagnostics will also influence PBD and probably allow a more general diagnosis in the future.
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Polar Body diagnosis a step in the right direction
Deutsches Arzteblatt International, 2008Co-Authors: Markus MontagAbstract:Polar Body diagnosis is a method for the genetic analysis of oocytes before the end of fertilization (preconception diagnosis) (1). Removal and analysis of the first and second Polar Body provides indirect evidence of the genetic constitution of the oocyte. In contrast, preimplantation diagnosis (PID) allows direct analysis of the genetic makeup of a developing embryo by extraction and examination of individual blastomeres (2). PBD and PID can only be performed as part of in vitro fertilization therapy. The procedures allow the demonstration of numerical chromosome maldistributions (aneuploidies), translocations, and monogenic diseases. These methods have the goal of improving the success rates of assisted reproduction and of preventing pregnancies that lead to the birth of severely ill children. Because of its greater diagnostic value, preimplantation diagnosis has gained international acceptance. In Germany, PID is considered to be in contravention of the German Embryo Protection Act. Polar Body diagnosis has therefore become established during the ongoing ethical and legal debate about the tenor and utility of this legislation. In addition to presenting the methodological aspects, this article explains and discusses, on the basis of a selective review of the literature, the possible uses and the value of Polar Body diagnosis in various areas of diagnostic activity within the temporal and legal framework prescribed by the German Embryo Protection Act.
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outcome of laser assisted Polar Body biopsy and aneuploidy testing
Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 2004Co-Authors: Markus Montag, C DornAbstract:Abstract Polar Body biopsy and subsequent fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) analysis allows detection of maternally derived chromosomal aneuploidies in human oocytes during IVF treatment. The development of a diode laser technique for the partial opening of the zona pellucida has stimulated the use of this technique to assist Polar Body biopsy. Laser-assisted Polar Body biopsy was performed in 140 IVF cycles from patients of advanced maternal age (≥35 years). A total of 921 oocytes were treated by a laser for partial zona opening and Polar Body removal. FISH was performed for chromosomes 13, 16, 18, 21 and 22 and results were available for 903 oocytes (98%). In all, 443 oocytes (49.1%) were euploid and of these, 293 were fertilized. A total of 214 embryos were transferred in 120 embryo transfer cycles (1.78 per embryo transfer) resulting in 27 clinical pregnancies (22.5% per embryo transfer) with an implantation rate of 15.4%. Subsequently, five women aborted (18.5%) and 24 healthy children were born from the remaining 22 pregnancies, which gives a take home baby rate of 18.3% per transfer cycle. It is concluded that Polar Body biopsy using a diode laser system is as efficient as standard Polar Body biopsy using zona drilling.