The Experts below are selected from a list of 122385 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Melanie M. Hughes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Political Representation of Women over Time
The Palgrave Handbook of Women’s Political Rights, 2018Co-Authors: Melanie M. Hughes, Pamela PaxtonAbstract:Hughes and Paxton map trends in women’s Political Representation from 1945 to 2015. While an upward trajectory is clear, there is significant variation across countries. In some countries, such as Sweden, South Africa, and Rwanda, women have made remarkable progress in their Political Representation. In other countries, the struggle for equal Representation proceeds slowly. Within and between countries, some populations, religions, and governments remain openly hostile to the notion of women in politics. Based on these differences, Hughes and Paxton identify and describe four basic paths to women’s increased Representation over time: (1) No Change, (2) Incremental Gains, (3) Fast-Track Growth, and (4) Plateau.
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intersectionality quotas and minority women s Political Representation worldwide
American Political Science Review, 2011Co-Authors: Melanie M. HughesAbstract:The majority of the world's countries have implemented policies designed to advance the Political Representation of women and/or minority groups. Yet we do not yet understand how these disparate policies affect the election of minority women. In this article, I draw on theories of intersectionality to conduct the first worldwide analysis of the effects of gender and minority quotas on minority women's Representation in national legislatures. Using hierarchical linear modeling, I analyze how quotas influence the election of women from more than 300 racial, ethnic, and religious groups across 81 countries. I find that policies designed to promote the Political Representation of women and minority groups interact to produce diverse but predictable outcomes for minority women. Although quotas are ostensibly designed to promote diversity and inclusiveness, the quota policies in effect today rarely challenge majority men's dominance of national legislatures.
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Growth in women's Political Representation: A longitudinal exploration of democracy, electoral system and gender quotas
European Journal of Political Research, 2010Co-Authors: Pamela Paxton, Melanie M. Hughes, Matthew A. PainterAbstract:The expansion of women’s formal Political Representation ranks among the most significant trends in international politics of the last 100 years. Though women made steady Political progress, substantial country-level variation exists in patterns of growth and change. In this paper, we develop longitudinal theories to examine how Political factors affect women’s Political Representation over time. We use latent growth curve models to assess the growth of women in politics in 110 countries from 1975 to 2000. We investigate how electoral systems, national-level gender quotas, and growth of democracy impact country-level trajectories of women’s legislative Representation. We find: (1) national quotas do affect women’s Political presence, but at a lower level than legislated by law; (2) the impact of a proportional Representation system on women’s Political Representation is steady over time; and (3) democracy, especially civil liberties, does not affect the level of women’s Political Representation in the earliest period, but does impact the growth of women’s Political Representation over time. These findings both reinforce and challenge prior cross-sectional models of women’s Political Representation.
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the international women s movement and women s Political Representation 1893 2003
American Sociological Review, 2006Co-Authors: Pamela Paxton, Melanie M. Hughes, Jennifer L GreenAbstract:Women's Political Representation, once considered unacceptable by politicians and their publics, is now actively encouraged by powerful international actors. In this article, the authors ask how th...
Jill Vickers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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State Feminism and Political Representation
Perspectives on Politics, 2007Co-Authors: Jill VickersAbstract:State Feminism and Political Representation. Edited by Joni Lovenduski with Claudie Baudino, Marila Guadagnini, Petra Meier, and Diane Sainsbury. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005. 315p., $34.99 paper, $85.00 cloth. This latest volume from the Research Network on Gender Politics and the State (RNGS), inspired by Amy Mazur and Dorothy Stetson's 1995 Comparative State Feminism , explores women's campaigns for Political Representation in 10 European Union countries (Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, and Sweden) and the United States. The introduction and conclusion outline the RNGS framework, hypotheses, and findings, based on 33 debates (the basic unit of analysis) over three decades. Eleven chapters present each country's debates. RNGS promotes a theory of state feminism defined as “the advocacy of women's movement demands inside the state” (p. 4).
Hilde Coffé - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Conceptions of female Political Representation: Perspectives of Rwandan female representatives
Women's Studies International Forum, 2012Co-Authors: Hilde CofféAbstract:Synopsis An increasing amount of research has investigated the number of female representatives in national Parliaments (descriptive Representation) and the effect on both policy output (substantive Representation) and women's Political participation and trust (symbolic Representation). Little research exists, however, on how female representatives themselves think about female Political Representation and no study has empirically investigated their conceptions of female Political Representation. Using Q methodology, this explorative one case study investigates the conceptions of female Political Representation held by female representatives in the Rwandan Parliament, which is the most gender-equal Parliament in the world. On the basis of our analysis, three groups of female representatives emerged, each with a unique conception of female Political Representation: female representatives focusing on (a) symbolic and descriptive Representations; (b) symbolic Representation and power; and (c) substantive Representation. These conceptions matter because they are crucial to our understanding of female representatives' actual behavior.
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Conceptions of Female Political Representation: Perspectives of Rwandan Female Representatives
2011Co-Authors: Hilde CofféAbstract:An increasing amount of research has investigated the number of female representatives in national Parliaments (descriptive Representation) and the effect on both policy output (substantive Representation) and women’s Political participation and trust (symbolic Representation). Little research exists, however, on how female representatives themselves think about female Political Representation and no study has empirically investigated their conceptions of female Political Representation. Using Q methodology, this explorative one case study investigates the conceptions of female Political Representation held by female representatives in the Rwandan Parliament, which is the most gender-equal Parliament in the world. On the basis of our analysis, three groups of female representatives emerged, each with a unique conception of female Political Representation: female representatives focusing on (a) symbolic and descriptive Representation; (b) symbolic Representation and power; and (c) substantive Representation.
Jacques J.a. Thomassen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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THE BLIND CORNER OF Political Representation
Representation, 2012Co-Authors: Jacques J.a. ThomassenAbstract:Much of the literature on Political Representation provides empirical evidence that elections successfully link the policy preferences of citizens to the policy preferences of their representatives in parliament and to public policy. However, most of these studies are based on the congruence on the left–right dimension rather than on specific issues. Using empirical data from the Netherlands we show that on specific issues elections seem to fail as an instrument to connect the policy preferences of a large part of the electorate to the policy positions of their representatives because these issues are poorly related to the left–right dimension.
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Political Representation and European Union Governance
2011Co-Authors: Peter Mair, Jacques J.a. ThomassenAbstract:1. Democracy without Democracy?: Can the EU's Democratic 'Outputs' be Separated from the Democratic 'Inputs' Provided by Competitive Parties and Majority Rule? - Richard Bellamy 2. Political Representation and Government in the European Union - Peter Mair and Jacques Thomassen 3. The European Parliament: One Parliament, Several Modes of Political Representation on the Ground? - David Farrell and Roger Scully 4. Consistent Choice Sets? The Stances of Political Parties towards European Integration in 10 Central East European Democracies, 2003-2007 - Robert Rohrschneider and Stephen Whitefield 5. With or Without You? Revisiting territorial state-bypassing in EU interest Representation - Michael Tatham 6. Civil Society and EU Democracy: 'Astroturf' Representation? - Beate Kohler 7. The EU's many Representative Modes: Colliding? Cohering? - Christopher Lord and Johannes Pollak
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In conclusion: Political Representation ans legitimacy in the European Union
Political Representation and Legitimacy in the European Union, 1999Co-Authors: Jacques J.a. Thomassen, Hermann SchmittAbstract:The purpose of this book is to expand knowledge of Political Representation in the EU and of the legitimacy of its Political order. In this concluding chapter, a summary is given of what has been learned on these two subjects and what this says about the EU as a developing democratic Political system. The hypothesis that a well-functioning system of Political Representation is a precondition for a legitimate democratic Political system serves as the leading theme. The chapter, therefore, first tries to evaluate the quality of the system of Political Representation of the EU, and from there continues with what has been learned about the legitimacy of the Union.
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Political Representation and Legitimacy in the European Union - Political Representation and legitimacy in the European Union
1999Co-Authors: Hermann Schmitt, Jacques J.a. ThomassenAbstract:How severe a problem is what many call the ‘democratic deficit’ of the EU? Despite a voluminous theoretical literature dealing with this question, there is hardly any systematic empirical investigation of the effectiveness of the system of Political Representation in the EU, and of the legitimacy beliefs of EU citizens that spring from it. This book elaborates a conceptual framework for the empirical analysis of the alleged democratic deficit. Four dimensions of legitimacy beliefs are identified and analysed: the European Political community; the scope of EU government; the institutions and processes of EU government; and EU policies. Based upon large-scale representative surveys (the ‘European Representation Study’) among the mass publics, and different strata of the Political elite of the EU and its member-states, the book examines the conditions of Political Representation in the EU. The results demonstrate, by and large, that legitimacy beliefs of EU citizens are the more positive the less specific the object of identification and evaluations is, and that the process of Political Representation works pretty well as long as issues other than EU issues are concerned. These findings are finally discussed in view of familiar strategies for institutional reform of the EU. The book is arranged in two main parts: I. Legitimacy (4 Chs) and II. Representation ( 6Chs); it also has an introduction, a conclusion, and an appendix giving details of the European Representation Study. The book is one of two companion volumes that report on the results of this study. The other is The European Parliament, the National Parliaments, and European Integration (edited by Richard S. Katz and Bernhard Wessels), and is also published by OUP.
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Political Representation and legitimacy in the european union
In: H. Schmitt J.J.A. Thomassen (eds.) Political representation and legitimacy in the European, 1999Co-Authors: Hermann Schmitt, Jacques J.a. ThomassenAbstract:How severe a problem is what many call the ‘democratic deficit’ of the EU? Despite a voluminous theoretical literature dealing with this question, there is hardly any systematic empirical investigation of the effectiveness of the system of Political Representation in the EU, and of the legitimacy beliefs of EU citizens that spring from it. This book elaborates a conceptual framework for the empirical analysis of the alleged democratic deficit. Four dimensions of legitimacy beliefs are identified and analysed: the European Political community; the scope of EU government; the institutions and processes of EU government; and EU policies. Based upon large-scale representative surveys (the ‘European Representation Study’) among the mass publics, and different strata of the Political elite of the EU and its member-states, the book examines the conditions of Political Representation in the EU. The results demonstrate, by and large, that legitimacy beliefs of EU citizens are the more positive the less specific the object of identification and evaluations is, and that the process of Political Representation works pretty well as long as issues other than EU issues are concerned. These findings are finally discussed in view of familiar strategies for institutional reform of the EU. The book is arranged in two main parts: I. Legitimacy (4 Chs) and II. Representation ( 6Chs); it also has an introduction, a conclusion, and an appendix giving details of the European Representation Study. The book is one of two companion volumes that report on the results of this study. The other is The European Parliament, the National Parliaments, and European Integration (edited by Richard S. Katz and Bernhard Wessels), and is also published by OUP.
Joni Lovenduski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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State Feminism and Political Representation - State feminism and Political Representation.
2005Co-Authors: Joni Lovenduski, Claudie Baudino, Marila Guadagnini, Petra Meier, Diane SainsburyAbstract:1. Introduction 2. Gendering Political Representation: debates and controversies in Austria Regina Kopl 3. The Belgian paradox: inclusion and exclusion of gender issues Petra Meier 4. A politics for presence. State feminism, women's movements and Political Representation in Finland Anne Maria Holli and Johanna Kantola 5. Gendering the Republican system: debates on women's Political Representation in France Claudie Baudino 6. WPAs and Political Representation in Germany Lynn Kamenitsa and Brigitte Geissel 7. Gendering the debate on Political Representation in Italy: a difficult challenge Marila Guadagnini 8. High tides in a low country gendering Political Representation in the Netherlands Jantine Oldersma 9. The women's movement, gender equality agencies, and central-state debates on Political Representation in Spain (1983-2003) Celia Valiente 10. Party feminism, state feminism and women's Representation in Sweden Diane Sainsbury 11. Party government and women's Representation debates: the UK Joni Lovenduski 12. Women's policy agencies, the women's movement, and Representation in the US Janine A. Parry 13. Conclusions: state feminism and Political Representation Appendix 1. Tables of women's Representation in eleven countries Appendix 2. The RNGS model.
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State Feminism and Political Representation: Introduction: state feminism and the Political Representation of women
State Feminism and Political Representation, 2005Co-Authors: Joni LovenduskiAbstract:The Representation of women in a Political system is a good test of its claims to democracy. The claims that women make for Representation are claims for their citizenship and at the heart of their engagement with politics. Political Representation is therefore a fundamental feminist concern, although its importance has not always been acknowledged. The women's liberation movements that began in the 1970s were, in many countries, ambivalent about formal Political Representation. However, by the end of the twentieth century women's movements were active to secure equality of Representation throughout the world. From the moment that women's movements were making demands on the state the issue of their Political Representation was in play. Whilst suffrage campaigns were explicit movements for Political participation and Representation, campaigns over rights to education, to paid work, to equal pay, to personal dignity and security, to sexual autonomy were also in part about the inclusion of women's interests in policy-making. Later movements for Representation in legislatures and assemblies were movements for presence that challenged Political arrangements and sought to insert women's interests into policy-making by ensuring they were amongst the policy-makers. The connection between agenda status for women's interests and the claim for equal Political Representation continues. Since the nineteenth century women's movement activists have demanded state action on a range of issues that includes anti-discrimination policies, anti-violence policies, reproductive rights, childcare and Political equality.
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state feminism and Political Representation
0-521-61764-2, 2005Co-Authors: Joni Lovenduski, Claudie Baudino, Marila Guadagnini, Petra Meier, Diane SainsburyAbstract:1. Introduction 2. Gendering Political Representation: debates and controversies in Austria Regina Kopl 3. The Belgian paradox: inclusion and exclusion of gender issues Petra Meier 4. A politics for presence. State feminism, women's movements and Political Representation in Finland Anne Maria Holli and Johanna Kantola 5. Gendering the Republican system: debates on women's Political Representation in France Claudie Baudino 6. WPAs and Political Representation in Germany Lynn Kamenitsa and Brigitte Geissel 7. Gendering the debate on Political Representation in Italy: a difficult challenge Marila Guadagnini 8. High tides in a low country gendering Political Representation in the Netherlands Jantine Oldersma 9. The women's movement, gender equality agencies, and central-state debates on Political Representation in Spain (1983-2003) Celia Valiente 10. Party feminism, state feminism and women's Representation in Sweden Diane Sainsbury 11. Party government and women's Representation debates: the UK Joni Lovenduski 12. Women's policy agencies, the women's movement, and Representation in the US Janine A. Parry 13. Conclusions: state feminism and Political Representation Appendix 1. Tables of women's Representation in eleven countries Appendix 2. The RNGS model.
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State feminism and the Political Representation of women
2005Co-Authors: Joni LovenduskiAbstract:Book synopsis: How can women maximise their Political influence? Does state feminism enhance the Political Representation of women? Should feminism be established in state institutions to treat women's concerns? Written by experts in the field, this 2005 book uses an innovative model of Political influence to construct answers to these and other questions in the long-running debate over the Political Representation of women. The book assesses how states respond to women's demands for Political Representation both in terms of their inclusion as actors and the consideration of their interests in the decision making process. Debates on the issue vary from country to country, depending on institutional structures, women's movements and other factors, and this book offered the first comparative account of the subject. The authors analyse eleven democracies in Europe and North America and present comprehensive research from the 1960s to the present.
