The Experts below are selected from a list of 416268 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ruchi Choudhary - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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household electricity use electric vehicle home charging and distributed photovoltaic Power Production in the city of westminster
Energy and Buildings, 2015Co-Authors: Joakim Munkhammar, Justin D K Bishop, Juan Jose Sarralde, Wei Tian, Ruchi ChoudharyAbstract:Abstract In this paper we investigate household electricity use, electric vehicle (EV) home-charging and distributed photovoltaic (PV) Power Production in a case study for the city of Westminster, London. Since it is economically beneficial to maximize PV Power self-consumption in the UK context the Power consumption/Production patterns with/without introducing EV home-charging on the household level is investigated. Additionally, since this might have an effect on the electricity use on an aggregate of households a large-scale introduction of EV charging and PV Power Production in the entire city of Westminster is also investigated. Household electricity consumption and EV home-charging are modeled with a Markov-chain model. PV Power Production is estimated from solar irradiation data from Meteonorm for the location of Westminster combined with a model for photovoltaic Power Production on tilted planes. The available rooftop area is estimated from the UK map geographic information database. EV home-charging increases the household electricity use mainly during evening with a maximum during winter whereas PV produces Power during daytime with maximum during summer. On the household level this mismatch introduces variability in Power consumption/Production, which is shown to be less prominent for the large-scale scenario of the entire city of Westminster.
Bruce E Logan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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low cost fe n c catalyst derived from fe iii chitosan hydrogel to enhance Power Production in microbial fuel cells
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2020Co-Authors: Wulin Yang, Xu Wang, Ruggero Rossi, Bruce E LoganAbstract:Abstract A low cost Fe–N–C catalyst on an activated carbon (AC) support was synthesized from inexpensive ferric chloride and chitosan precursors to enhance Power Production by microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The direct pyrolysis of preformed Fe(III)-chitosan hydrogel as a supporting scaffold created a porous structure on AC with a uniform distribution of Fe active sites. A maximum Power density of 2.4 ± 0.1 W m−2 was obtained in MFCs using Fe–N–C/AC catalyst, which was 33% higher than the control MFCs using a plain AC catalyst (1.8 ± 0.03 W m−2). The Fe–N–C/AC catalyst was closer to the more efficient four electron transfer pathway for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) than the plain AC or chitosan-modified AC. The adoption of chitosan as the N-containing precursor and ferric chloride for the Fe–N–C synthesis added only 6% more in material costs in cathode fabrication, but produced a 33% increase in the maximum Power density. This increased Power makes the use of this cathode material both economically viable and a sustainable approach to enhance Power Production in MFCs given the low cost and wide availability of chitosan.
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minimal red cell pairs markedly improve electrode kinetics and Power Production in microbial reverse electrodialysis cells
Environmental Science & Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Roland D Cusick, Marta C Hatzell, Fang Zhang, Bruce E LoganAbstract:Power Production from microbial reverse electrodialysis cell (MRC) electrodes is substantially improved compared to microbial fuel cells (MFCs) by using ammonium bicarbonate (AmB) solutions in multiple RED cell pair stacks and the cathode chamber. Reducing the number of RED membranes pairs while maintaining enhanced electrode performance could help to reduce capital costs. We show here that using only a single RED cell pair (CP), created by operating the cathode in concentrated AmB, dramatically increased Power Production normalized to cathode area from both acetate (Acetate: from 0.9 to 3.1 W/m2-cat) and wastewater (WW: 0.3 to 1.7 W/m2), by reducing solution and charge transfer resistances at the cathode. A second RED cell pair increased RED stack potential and reduced anode charge transfer resistance, further increasing Power Production (Acetate: 4.2 W/m2; WW: 1.9 W/m2). By maintaining near optimal electrode Power Production with fewer membranes, Power densities normalized to total membrane area for the...
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Power Production in mfcs inoculated with shewanella oneidensis mr 1 or mixed cultures
Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2010Co-Authors: Valerie J Watson, Bruce E LoganAbstract:Power densities and oxidation-reduction potentials (ORPs) of MFCs containing a pure culture of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 were compared to mixed cultures (wastewater inoculum) in cube shaped, 1-, 2-, and 3-bottle batch-fed MFC reactor configurations. The reactor architecture influenced the relative Power produced by the different inocula, with the mixed culture generating 68-480% more Power than MR-1 in each MFC configuration. The mixed culture produced the maximum Power density of 858 +/- 9 mW m(-2) in the cubic MFC, while MR-1 produced 148 +/- 20 mW m(-2). The higher Power by the mixed culture was primarily a result of lower internal resistances than those produced by the pure culture. Power was a direct function of ohmic resistance for the mixed culture, but not for strain MR-1. ORP of the anode compartment varied with reactor configuration and inoculum, and it was always negative during maximum Power Production but it did not vary in proportion to Power output. The ORP varied primarily at the end of the cycle when substrate was depleted, with a change from a reductive environment during maximum Power Production (approximately -175 mV for mixed and approximately -210 mV for MR-1 in cubic MFCs), to an oxidative environment at the end of the batch cycle ( approximately 250 mV for mixed and approximately 300 mV for MR-1). Mixed cultures produced more Power than MR-1 MFCs even though their redox potential was less negative. These results demonstrate that differences between Power densities produced by pure and mixed cultures depend on the MFC architecture.
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graphite fiber brush anodes for increased Power Production in air cathode microbial fuel cells
Environmental Science & Technology, 2007Co-Authors: Bruce E Logan, Shaoan Cheng, Valerie J Watson, Garett EstadtAbstract:To efficiently generate electricity using bacteria in microbial fuel cells (MFCs), highly conductive noncorrosive materials are needed that have a high specific surface area (surface area per volume) and an open structure to avoid biofouling. Graphite brush anodes, consisting of graphite fibers wound around a conductive, but noncorrosive metal core, were examined for Power Production in cube (C-MFC) and bottle (B-MFC) air-cathode MFCs. Power Production in C-MFCs containing brush electrodes at 9600 m2/m3 reactor volume reached a maximum Power density of 2400 mW/m2 (normalized to the cathode projected surface area), or 73 W/m3 based on liquid volume, with a maximum Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 60%. This Power density, normalized by cathode projected area, is the highest value yet achieved by an air-cathode system. The increased Power resulted from a reduction in internal resistance from 31 to 8 Ω. Brush electrodes (4200 m2/m3) were also tested in B-MFCs, consisting of a laboratory media bottle modified to h...
Joakim Munkhammar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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On a probability distribution model combining household Power consumption, electric vehicle home-charging and photovoltaic Power Production
Applied Energy, 2015Co-Authors: Joakim Munkhammar, Joakim Widén, Jesper RydénAbstract:In this paper we develop a probability distribution model combining household Power consumption, electric vehicle (EV) home-charging and photovoltaic (PV) Power Production. The model is set up using a convolution approach to merge three separate existing probability distribution models for household electricity use, EV home-charging and PV Power Production. This model is investigated on two system levels: household level and aggregate level of multiple households. Results for the household level show the Power consumption/Production mismatch as probability distributions for different time bins. This is further investigated with different levels of PV Power Production. The resulting yearly distribution of the aggregate scenario of multiple uncorrelated households with EV charging and PV Power Production is shown to not be normally distributed due to the mismatch of PV Power Production and household Power consumption on a diurnal and annual basis.
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household electricity use electric vehicle home charging and distributed photovoltaic Power Production in the city of westminster
Energy and Buildings, 2015Co-Authors: Joakim Munkhammar, Justin D K Bishop, Juan Jose Sarralde, Wei Tian, Ruchi ChoudharyAbstract:Abstract In this paper we investigate household electricity use, electric vehicle (EV) home-charging and distributed photovoltaic (PV) Power Production in a case study for the city of Westminster, London. Since it is economically beneficial to maximize PV Power self-consumption in the UK context the Power consumption/Production patterns with/without introducing EV home-charging on the household level is investigated. Additionally, since this might have an effect on the electricity use on an aggregate of households a large-scale introduction of EV charging and PV Power Production in the entire city of Westminster is also investigated. Household electricity consumption and EV home-charging are modeled with a Markov-chain model. PV Power Production is estimated from solar irradiation data from Meteonorm for the location of Westminster combined with a model for photovoltaic Power Production on tilted planes. The available rooftop area is estimated from the UK map geographic information database. EV home-charging increases the household electricity use mainly during evening with a maximum during winter whereas PV produces Power during daytime with maximum during summer. On the household level this mismatch introduces variability in Power consumption/Production, which is shown to be less prominent for the large-scale scenario of the entire city of Westminster.
Ali Thaeer Hammid - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prediction of small hydroPower plant Power Production in himreen lake dam hld using artificial neural network
alexandria engineering journal, 2017Co-Authors: Ali Thaeer Hammid, Mohd Herwan Sulaiman, Ahmed N AbdallaAbstract:Abstract In developing countries, the Power Production is properly less than the request of Power or load, and sustaining a system stability of Power Production is a trouble quietly. Sometimes, there is a necessary development to the correct quantity of load demand to retain a system of Power Production steadily. Thus, Small HydroPower Plant (SHP) includes a Kaplan turbine was verified to explore its applicability. This paper concentrates on applying on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) by approaching of Feed-Forward, Back-Propagation to make performance predictions of the hydroPower plant at the Himreen lake dam-Diyala in terms of net turbine head, flow rate of water and Power Production that data gathered during a research over a 10 year period. The model studies the uncertainties of inputs and output operation and there's a designing to network structure and then trained by means of the entire of 3570 experimental and observed data. Furthermore, ANN offers an analyzing and diagnosing instrument effectively to model performance of the nonlinear plant. The study suggests that the ANN may predict the performance of the plant with a correlation coefficient (R) between the variables of predicted and observed output that would be higher than 0.96.
L A C Tarelho - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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techno economic analysis of forest biomass blends gasification for small scale Power Production facilities in the azores
Fuel, 2020Co-Authors: Joao Luis Cardoso, Valter Silva, Daniela Eusebio, Ines Azevedo, L A C TarelhoAbstract:Abstract The present work assesses the energetic valorisation of forest biomass blends in the archipelago of the Azores, to do so, a multiphase 2-D Eulerian-Eulerian model was employed to simulate forest biomass gasification in a pilot-scale fluidized bed reactor. The numerical model was validated under experimental gasification runs performed in a 250 kWth quasi-industrial biomass gasifier. The potential use of the produced syngas as a complementary energy source for small-scale Power Production in the Azores was assessed based on the results. The exergy efficiency and tar Production of the process were determined. A techno-economic study combining the net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and payback period (PBP) followed by a Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis was comparatively performed for two distinct application sizes (100 and 1000 kW) so to gauge which unit size carries enhanced operative feasibility and foresee the main investment risks in conducting forest biomass blends gasification for Power Production in small facilities. Results revealed that the 100 kW unit was economically impracticable under current market conditions, while the 1000 kW unit showed to be economically feasible with an NPV of 486 k€, IRR of 17.44% and PBP of 7.4 years. The sensitivity analysis predicted a higher risk of failure in the NPV, being highly sensitive to the electricity sales tariff and electricity Production. Indeed, forest biomass gasification projects carry great potential when applied to small facilities with economic viability in some economies of scales, withal, special concerns must always be considered regarding the project attractiveness to potential investors.
