The Experts below are selected from a list of 162 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Emilia Silvas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Design of Power Steering systems for heavy-duty long-haul vehicles
IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 2016Co-Authors: Emilia Silvas, T Hofman, Ea Backx, H Voets, M Maarten SteinbuchAbstract:Conventionally, all auxiliaries present in a heavy-duty vehicle (e.g., Power-Steering Pump, air-conditioning compressor) are engine-driven systems, which put high constraints on their performance. Outputs (e.g., speed, temperature) and energy consumption are dictated by engine speed, while most auxiliary demands are not proportional to the engine speed. Dealing with worst-case scenarios leads to highly oversized components that further, dramatically reduce the overall efficiency. How to choose, in a simultaneous design step, a topology, component sizes and a control algorithm for auxiliaries is still unknown. This becomes, especially, important when an integrated general optimal design is desired for the vehicle rather than an optimal system or sub-system design. To overcome the drawbacks of a sequential design approach, this paper shows the precise combination of technology, topology, size and control for the Power Steering system used in a heavy-duty vehicle. Modeling of six possible topologies and optimal sizing of components, as the gear ratio between combustion engine and Power Steering Pump, are shown. Next, a sensitivity analysis is done for control parameters and a view is presented on a suitable topology for a Power Steering system used in a heavy-duty long-haul vehicle.
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modeling for control and optimal design of a Power Steering Pump and an air conditioning compressor used in heavy duty trucks
Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, 2013Co-Authors: Emilia Silvas, Omer Turan, T Hofman, Maarten M SteinbuchAbstract:The hybridization and electrification of Power-trains has brought increased flexibility and, therefore, new challenges, in the design of the hybrid vehicles. Beside the main components that are used for vehicles propulsion, important energy consumers are the auxiliaries such as the Power Steering Pump or others. The influence of these components on the fuel consumption can be defined in terms of the topology, technology and control algorithm choices. This paper presents the influence on fuel consumption of two auxiliaries for two different topologies. For this purpose models are developed for the Power Steering Pump and for the air conditioning compressor, and validated using experimental data from components used in long-haul heavy duty trucks. A case study on the control for the Power Steering Pump is also presented. The results show a significant fuel reduction for each component (for the Power Steering Pump approximately 50% fuel reduction and for the ACC approximately 40% fuel reduction).
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Modeling and fuel economy studies of a Power Steering Pump and an air conditioning compressor for hybrid electric vehicles
2013Co-Authors: Emilia Silvas, Omer Turan, T Hofman, Maarten M SteinbuchAbstract:The hybridization and electrification of Powertrains has greatly entered multiple transport sectors in the last decade. To find the optimal design of a vehicle that has more than one Power convertor and one energy source is a complex optimization problem. As motivated in more detail in [1], the choice of the optimization algorithm and the definition of the problem will strongly influence the resulting Power train. Beside the main components that are used for vehicles propulsion, also important energy consumptions are given by the auxiliaries present in the system. The goal of this research is to analyse the influence of the electrification of auxiliaries on fuel consumption and drive efficiency. The focus here will be on the modeling and fuel economy analysis of the Power Steering Pump (PSP) and air conditioning compressor (ACC).
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Towards integrated vehicle system design: electrification of components
2012Co-Authors: Emilia Silvas, T Hofman, M Maarten SteinbuchAbstract:The change in the vehicle market in the last decades has posed increased challenges from the design perspective. Newly developed vehicles should cope with more strict emission regulations, have a decreased fuel consumption and in the same time have advanced performance and be costly convenient. The trend of electrification of components and hybridization of Power trains can be observed in multiple transportation sectors, all being driven by market objectives (as fuel economy, pollution or limited resources). In the attempt to develop “greener” cars, research is being conducted for new technologies, Power-train architectures and control design. To find the optimal design of a hybrid vehicle is a complex optimization problem. As motivated in more detail in [1], the choice of the optimization algorithm and the definition of the problem will strongly influence the resulting Power train. In this presentation, an overview of the global challenges in optimal hybrid vehicle design is presented. Furthermore, examples are given on how these challenges have been addressed so far, what hybrid topologies are commonly used and how are these separated by transportation sectors. By widening the analysis to multiple transportation sectors, it can be concluded that these research questions (in general, the search of optimal design parameters) are acknowledged, yet not addressed or developed properly in an integrated way. Beside the main components that are used for vehicles propulsion, also important energy consumptions are given by the auxiliaries present in the system. These, as for example, the Power Steering Pump, or the air conditioning compressor, can be electrified and controlled for fuel economy. Some examples will be shown where significant improvement can be gained by looking at these auxiliaries. The possibility to tackle multiple variables during optimization, as the Power train topology or component sizes, has already proven to be beneficial in contrast with individual optimization of the design layers (control, sizes, topology and technology). Following this reasoning we are aiming to build a tool/method that can in an integrated way, address multiple layers. First steps in how can this be done are discussed in this presentation. The results presented here show the importance of optimization in design, and more, the difficulty brought by the big dimensions of the search space. Future work of this research involves the analysis and development of an integrated optimal design for commercial vehicles.
Matthew A. Franchek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Engine idle speed control using actuator saturation
IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 2000Co-Authors: P Herman, Matthew A. FranchekAbstract:Presented in this paper is the design and experimental validation of a saturating engine idle speed controller for a Ford V-8 fuel injected engine. The nonmeasurable external torque disturbance perturbing engine speed is delivered from the Power Steering Pump. The performance specification is an allowable engine speed tolerance of 140 r/min about a desired set speed of 600 r/min. The controlled input is a voltage to the bypass air valve (BPAV) which regulates the air ingested into the engine. The BPAV voltage available for engine speed regulation is bounded by 0.8 V. A frequency domain controller design methodology is used to design the controller The performance objective is satisfied using saturation control during large engine speed transients. During steady-state operation, the controlled input is not saturated.
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Frequency based nonlinear controller design of regulating systems subjected to time domain constraints
Proceedings of the 1999 American Control Conference (Cat. No. 99CH36251), 1999Co-Authors: J.w. Glass, Matthew A. FranchekAbstract:Presented is a nonlinear controller design methodology for a class of regulating systems subjected to quantitative time domain constraints. The output and actuator saturation performance specifications are given as allowable time domain tolerances. The controller design is executed in the frequency domain and is applicable when the frequency response of a linear design cannot satisfy the gain and phase characteristics required by quantitative time domain specifications. A describing function (DF) approach, automated by the Volterra series, facilitates the nonlinear controller design. The resulting gain and phase distortions associated with the DF of the dynamic nonlinear element are used to achieve the desirable open loop gain and phase characteristics identified by the time domain constraints. The design methodology is illustrated on the idle speed control of a Ford 4.6L V-8 fuel injected engine. The engine input is the by-pass air valve and the regulated output is engine speed. The Power Steering Pump generates the nonmeasureable external torque load.
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ROBUST CONTROLLER DESIGN AND EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF I.C. ENGINE SPEED CONTROL
International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control, 1997Co-Authors: G. Kent Hamilton, Matthew A. FranchekAbstract:Presented in this paper is the robust idle speed control of a Ford 4⋅6 L V-8 fuel injected engine. The goal of this investigation is to design a robust feedback controller that maintains the idle speed within a 150 rpm tolerance about 600 rpm despite a 20 Nm step torque disturbance delivered by the Power Steering Pump. The controlled input is the by-pass air valve which is subjected to an output saturation constraint. Issues complicating the controller design include the nonlinear nature of the engine dynamics, the induction-to-Power delay of the manifold filling dynamics, and the saturation constraint of the by-pass air valve. An experimental verification of the proposed controller is included. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Robust Idle Speed Control of a Ford V-8 Fuel Injected Engine
IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 1996Co-Authors: G. Kent Hamilton, Matthew A. FranchekAbstract:Abstract Presented in this paper is the robust idle speed control of a Ford 4.6L V-8 fuel injected engine. The goal of this investigation is to design a robust feedback controller that maintains the idle speed within a 150 rpm tolerance about 600 rpm despite a 20 Nm step torque disturbance delivered by the Power Steering Pump. The controlled input is the by-pass air valve which is subjected to an output saturation constraint. Issues complicating the controller design include the nonlinear nature of the engine dynamics, the induction-to-Power delay of the manifold filling dynamics, and the saturation constraint of the by-pass air valve. An experimental verification of the proposed controller is included.
T Hofman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Design of Power Steering systems for heavy-duty long-haul vehicles
IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 2016Co-Authors: Emilia Silvas, T Hofman, Ea Backx, H Voets, M Maarten SteinbuchAbstract:Conventionally, all auxiliaries present in a heavy-duty vehicle (e.g., Power-Steering Pump, air-conditioning compressor) are engine-driven systems, which put high constraints on their performance. Outputs (e.g., speed, temperature) and energy consumption are dictated by engine speed, while most auxiliary demands are not proportional to the engine speed. Dealing with worst-case scenarios leads to highly oversized components that further, dramatically reduce the overall efficiency. How to choose, in a simultaneous design step, a topology, component sizes and a control algorithm for auxiliaries is still unknown. This becomes, especially, important when an integrated general optimal design is desired for the vehicle rather than an optimal system or sub-system design. To overcome the drawbacks of a sequential design approach, this paper shows the precise combination of technology, topology, size and control for the Power Steering system used in a heavy-duty vehicle. Modeling of six possible topologies and optimal sizing of components, as the gear ratio between combustion engine and Power Steering Pump, are shown. Next, a sensitivity analysis is done for control parameters and a view is presented on a suitable topology for a Power Steering system used in a heavy-duty long-haul vehicle.
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modeling for control and optimal design of a Power Steering Pump and an air conditioning compressor used in heavy duty trucks
Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, 2013Co-Authors: Emilia Silvas, Omer Turan, T Hofman, Maarten M SteinbuchAbstract:The hybridization and electrification of Power-trains has brought increased flexibility and, therefore, new challenges, in the design of the hybrid vehicles. Beside the main components that are used for vehicles propulsion, important energy consumers are the auxiliaries such as the Power Steering Pump or others. The influence of these components on the fuel consumption can be defined in terms of the topology, technology and control algorithm choices. This paper presents the influence on fuel consumption of two auxiliaries for two different topologies. For this purpose models are developed for the Power Steering Pump and for the air conditioning compressor, and validated using experimental data from components used in long-haul heavy duty trucks. A case study on the control for the Power Steering Pump is also presented. The results show a significant fuel reduction for each component (for the Power Steering Pump approximately 50% fuel reduction and for the ACC approximately 40% fuel reduction).
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Modeling and fuel economy studies of a Power Steering Pump and an air conditioning compressor for hybrid electric vehicles
2013Co-Authors: Emilia Silvas, Omer Turan, T Hofman, Maarten M SteinbuchAbstract:The hybridization and electrification of Powertrains has greatly entered multiple transport sectors in the last decade. To find the optimal design of a vehicle that has more than one Power convertor and one energy source is a complex optimization problem. As motivated in more detail in [1], the choice of the optimization algorithm and the definition of the problem will strongly influence the resulting Power train. Beside the main components that are used for vehicles propulsion, also important energy consumptions are given by the auxiliaries present in the system. The goal of this research is to analyse the influence of the electrification of auxiliaries on fuel consumption and drive efficiency. The focus here will be on the modeling and fuel economy analysis of the Power Steering Pump (PSP) and air conditioning compressor (ACC).
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Towards integrated vehicle system design: electrification of components
2012Co-Authors: Emilia Silvas, T Hofman, M Maarten SteinbuchAbstract:The change in the vehicle market in the last decades has posed increased challenges from the design perspective. Newly developed vehicles should cope with more strict emission regulations, have a decreased fuel consumption and in the same time have advanced performance and be costly convenient. The trend of electrification of components and hybridization of Power trains can be observed in multiple transportation sectors, all being driven by market objectives (as fuel economy, pollution or limited resources). In the attempt to develop “greener” cars, research is being conducted for new technologies, Power-train architectures and control design. To find the optimal design of a hybrid vehicle is a complex optimization problem. As motivated in more detail in [1], the choice of the optimization algorithm and the definition of the problem will strongly influence the resulting Power train. In this presentation, an overview of the global challenges in optimal hybrid vehicle design is presented. Furthermore, examples are given on how these challenges have been addressed so far, what hybrid topologies are commonly used and how are these separated by transportation sectors. By widening the analysis to multiple transportation sectors, it can be concluded that these research questions (in general, the search of optimal design parameters) are acknowledged, yet not addressed or developed properly in an integrated way. Beside the main components that are used for vehicles propulsion, also important energy consumptions are given by the auxiliaries present in the system. These, as for example, the Power Steering Pump, or the air conditioning compressor, can be electrified and controlled for fuel economy. Some examples will be shown where significant improvement can be gained by looking at these auxiliaries. The possibility to tackle multiple variables during optimization, as the Power train topology or component sizes, has already proven to be beneficial in contrast with individual optimization of the design layers (control, sizes, topology and technology). Following this reasoning we are aiming to build a tool/method that can in an integrated way, address multiple layers. First steps in how can this be done are discussed in this presentation. The results presented here show the importance of optimization in design, and more, the difficulty brought by the big dimensions of the search space. Future work of this research involves the analysis and development of an integrated optimal design for commercial vehicles.
Babak Fahimi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Bipolar Switched Reluctance Machines: A Novel Solution for Automotive Applications
IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2005Co-Authors: Chris S. Edrington, Mahesh Krishnamurthy, Babak FahimiAbstract:Current vehicle architectures utilize belt driven components such as the coolant Pump, air-conditioner, Power Steering Pump, etc. However, the trend toward more electric vehicles requires electromechanical energy conversion devices to replace these inefficient mechanical components. It is essential that electrical machines used in automotive applications to be compatible with the corresponding mechanical and electrical terminals. Furthermore, replacement of belt driven components with electrical drives should be performed as efficient and cost effective as possible. Bipolar switched reluctance machines (SRM) are both cost effective and very robust to the effects of temperature variation. They also offer a very wide speed range and an excellent mechanical integrity, which optimally suits a range of automotive applications including electric propulsion. This paper presents a detailed investigation of the performance indices for bipolar SRM drives. Using a Maxwell stress method, variations of radial and tangential force components due to saliency of the machine and saturation have been studied. Access to distribution of the force components acting on the rotor and stator enables us to provide a more accurate picture of the torque generation and vibration in this family of electric machines. Furthermore, distribution of magnetic forces under multiphase excitation has been studied in detail. Our findings show that bipolar excitation of SRM phases, resulting in a short flux path magnetic circuit, favors its efficiency and Power quality while generating higher torque with less pulsation. This is a significant improvement, particularly for automotive applications where the difference in the required number of Power electronics components can be justified. An experimental, 2-kW, 42-V, 8/6 SRM drive which has been designed and manufactured in our energy system laboratory was targeted for this study. In addition to our extensive finite-element (FE) analysis, experimental results have been provided to prove theoretical claims.
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Coolant Pump drive: an application for switched reluctance machines
2003 IEEE 58th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC 2003-Fall (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37484), 2003Co-Authors: Chris S. Edrington, Babak FahimiAbstract:Current vehicle architectures utilize belt driven components such as the coolant Pump, air-conditioner, Power Steering Pump etc. However, the trend toward more electric vehicles requires novel applications of machines to replace these inefficient mechanical components. It is essential that the electrical machines used in automotive applications be compatible with the corresponding mechanical and electrical terminals. Furthermore, replacement of belt driven components with electrical drives, should be performed as efficient and cost effective as possible. Switched reluctance machines (SRM) are both cost effective and very robust to the effects of temperature variation. They also offer a very wide speed range and an excellent mechanical integrity, which optimally suits the coolant Pump application. In this paper, we propose to utilize an 8/6 SRM to drive a coolant Pump. Control and design issues of the SRM, with respect to the coolant Pump application are addressed.
B Oprisan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Increasing Wear Resistance of Power Steering Pump Cam Using Ni-Cr-Fe and Ni-Cr-Fe-B Coatings
Materials Science Forum, 2017Co-Authors: Cristian Stescu, Corneliu Munteanu, Dorin Luca, Bogdan Istrate, M Benchea, D L Chicet, B OprisanAbstract:Thermal depositions are very wide spread in the industry of coating techniques. The materials used as coatings for several applications must have the ability to produce a stable, slow-growing surface coating, in order to provide good service behavior. This paper presents a method to increase the wear resistance of Steering Pump cam, strongly stressed having premature wear effects. The method that the authors use is atmospheric plasma deposition with Ni-Cr-Fe and Ni-Cr-B-Fe powders on steel substrate. It was investigated the morphology and physico-mechanical properties (scratch and micro-indentation analysis). Results showed a comparison between those two coatings with the metallic substrate. It has been found that the deposited coatings have an adherent, dense and uniform layer with a typically molten morphology. By increasing the coefficient of friction we can obtain higher wear resistance and recommend the optimum solution for further researches.
