The Experts below are selected from a list of 65229 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jeffrey T. Parsons - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
motivations for Prescription Drug misuse among young adults considering social and developmental contexts
Drugs-education Prevention and Policy, 2015Co-Authors: Amy Leclair, Brian C. Kelly, Brooke E. Wells, Mark Pawson, Jeffrey T. ParsonsAbstract:AbstractAims: This study aimed to explore motivations for Prescription Drug (i.e. Prescription pain killers, stimulants and sedatives) misuse among young adults active in urban nightlife scenes in New York City. Prior research has established “recreation” and “self-medication” as the primary motivations among this age group, but, as Prescription Drug misuse continues to be a major public health concern in the US and rates of misuse are highest among young adults, a more nuanced analysis is necessary for developing meaningful interventions. As part of a larger study on Prescription Drug misuse among young adults active in urban nightlife scenes, we examined participants’ motivations for misuse. Prescription painkillers, stimulants and sedatives were the primary substances of interest. Methods: Participants were recruited from nightlife venues in New York using time-space sampling. Subjects completed a mixed-methods assessment at project research offices. The data presented here are from a subsample of 70 q...
-
symbolic boundaries subcultural capital and Prescription Drug misuse across youth cultures
Sociology of Health and Illness, 2015Co-Authors: Brian C. Kelly, Jeffrey T. Parsons, Amy Leclair, Mark Pawson, James Trimarco, Sarit A. GolubAbstract:Prescription Drug misuse among young adults has surged over the past decade. Yet the contexts surrounding this misuse remain unclear, particularly the subcultural contexts. Many young urban adults participate in youth cultures. This article describes the subcultural contexts of Prescription Drug misuse in youth subcultures. Drawing on ethnographic data collected over 12 months from different youth cultural scenes, the authors describe the subcultural bases of Prescription Drug misuse. The symbolic boundaries and subcultural capital inherent in these scenes shape the ways youth think about Drugs and behave accordingly. While young adults are often lumped together by theorists, ethnographic data show considerable variation across these subcultures with regard to what may enable or inhibit Prescription Drug misuse. The broader subcultural ethos in each scene, as well as attitudes towards other types of Drugs, frame the ways that Prescription Drugs are perceived and used in each of these settings. The findings highlight the role of symbolic boundaries and subcultural capital in shaping routine practices of Drug use among young adults. These data show that education campaigns about Prescription Drug misuse should take into account the variability in youth cultural scenes to maximise the efficacy of these messages aimed at young adults.
-
a typology of Prescription Drug misuse a latent class approach to differences and harms
Drug and Alcohol Review, 2015Co-Authors: Brian C. Kelly, Brooke E. Wells, Mike Vuolo, Jonathon H Rendina, Jeffrey T. ParsonsAbstract:Introduction and Aims Prescription Drug misuse is a considerable problem among young adults, and the identification of types of misuse among this population remains important for prevention and intervention efforts. We use latent class analysis to identify possible distinct latent groups of Prescription Drug misusers across multiple Prescription Drug types (pain killers, sedatives and stimulants). Design and Methods Our data are comprised of a sample of 404 young adults recruited from nightlife scenes via time–space sampling. Through the specification of a zero-inflated Poisson latent class analysis, we evaluate differences in class membership by various demographic factors as well as assess the relationship between class membership and health outcomes, including indications of dependence, problems associated with substance use and mental health. Results Our assessment of fit indices led to a four-class solution (dabblers, primary stimulant users, primary downers users and extensive regulars). No demographic differences existed between latent classes. The extensive regular class report the greatest number of symptoms related to dependence, greatest number of problems related to misuse and the greatest mental health problems. The dabblers report the fewest problems and symptoms, while the other two classes experiences problems and symptoms in between the classes on the extremes. Discussion and Conclusions Prevention efforts should take into account that young adults who misuse Prescription Drug have different profiles of misuse, and there may be a need for varied interventions to target these different types of misuse. [Kelly BC, Rendina HJ, Vuolo M, Wells BE, Parsons JT. A typology of Prescription Drug misuse: A latent class approach to differences and harms. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015;34:211–20]
-
Prescription Drug misuse and sexual behavior among young adults
Journal of Sex Research, 2015Co-Authors: Brooke E. Wells, Brian C. Kelly, Jonathon H Rendina, Jeffrey T. ParsonsAbstract:Though research indicates a complex link between substance use and sexual risk behavior, there is limited research on the association between sexual risk behavior and Prescription Drug misuse. In light of alarming increases in Prescription Drug misuse and the role of demographic characteristics in sexual risk behavior and outcomes, the current study examined demographic differences (gender, sexual identity, age, relationship status, parental class background, and race/ethnicity) in sexual risk behavior, sexual behavior under the influence of Prescription Drugs, and sexual risk behavior under the influence of Prescription Drugs in a sample of 402 young adults (ages 18 to 29) who misused Prescription Drugs. Nearly half of the sexually active young adult Prescription Drug misusers in this sample reported recent sex under the influence of Prescription Drugs; more than three-quarters reported recent sex without a condom; and more than one-third reported recent sex without a condom after using Prescription Drugs. Zero-inflated Poisson regression models indicated that White race, younger age, higher parental class, and being a heterosexual man were all associated with sexual risk behavior, sex under the influence of Prescription Drugs, and sexual risk under the influence of Prescription Drugs. Findings have implications for the targeting of prevention and intervention efforts.
-
Influences of motivational contexts on Prescription Drug misuse and related Drug problems
Journal of substance abuse treatment, 2014Co-Authors: Brian C. Kelly, Brooke E. Wells, H. Jonathon Rendina, Mike Vuolo, Jeffrey T. ParsonsAbstract:Abstract Prescription Drug misuse has emerged as a significant problem among young adults. While the effects of motivational contexts have been demonstrated for illicit Drugs, the role of motivational contexts in Prescription Drug misuse remains understudied. Using data from 400 young adults recruited via time–space sampling, we examined the role of motivational contexts in the frequency of misuse of three Prescription Drug types as well as Drug-related problems and symptoms of dependency. Both negative and positive motivations to use Drugs are associated with increases in Prescription Drug misuse frequency. Only negative motivations are associated directly with Drug problems and Drug dependence, as well as indirectly via Prescription pain killer misuse. Addressing positive and negative motivational contexts of Prescription Drug misuse may not only provide a means to reduce misuse and implement harm reduction measures, but may also inform the content of treatment plans for young adults with Prescription Drug misuse problems.
Brian C. Kelly - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
nightlife scene involvement and patterns of Prescription Drug misuse
Drug and Alcohol Review, 2020Co-Authors: Brian C. Kelly, Mike VuoloAbstract:INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Participation in nightlife influences a range of health behaviours. Participants in various nightlife scenes have increasingly adopted Prescription Drug misuse into their substance use repertoires. DESIGN AND METHODS: With 404 young adults recruited via time-space sampling in New York, we examine the relationship of nightlife participation-measured by number of scenes and the number of nights out in nightlife scenes-to Prescription Drug misuse during the past 3 months. Outcomes included frequency of misuse, escalation to non-oral consumption, polyDrug use, social problems and symptoms of dependence. RESULTS: Negative binomial regressions indicate nightlife participation is associated with increased frequency of misuse measured by number of scenes (incidence rate ratio = 1.114, P < 0.05) and number of nights out (incidence rate ratio = 1.009, P < 0.001). Logistic regression models show nightlife participation is associated with increased odds of non-oral use (adjusted odds ratio; AOR = 1.334, P < 0.01) and polyDrug use (AOR = 1.776, P < 0.001) measured by number of scenes, and non-oral use (AOR = 1.021, P < 0.001) and polyDrug use (AOR = 1.023, P < 0.001) as measured by number of nights out. Nightlife participation is not associated with Prescription Drug problems or symptoms of dependence. Frequency of participation is associated with peer norms favourable to Prescription Drugs (B = 0.003, P < 0.01). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Nightlife participation has implications for Prescription Drug misuse. While shaping how often and in what manner young people consume Prescription Drugs, nightlife participation is not associated with harms experienced. Given the significance of the Prescription Drug trend in many world regions, these results suggest that increasing participation in nightlife shapes patterns of Drug use, but in ways that do not lead to reported problems.
-
motivations for Prescription Drug misuse among young adults considering social and developmental contexts
Drugs-education Prevention and Policy, 2015Co-Authors: Amy Leclair, Brian C. Kelly, Brooke E. Wells, Mark Pawson, Jeffrey T. ParsonsAbstract:AbstractAims: This study aimed to explore motivations for Prescription Drug (i.e. Prescription pain killers, stimulants and sedatives) misuse among young adults active in urban nightlife scenes in New York City. Prior research has established “recreation” and “self-medication” as the primary motivations among this age group, but, as Prescription Drug misuse continues to be a major public health concern in the US and rates of misuse are highest among young adults, a more nuanced analysis is necessary for developing meaningful interventions. As part of a larger study on Prescription Drug misuse among young adults active in urban nightlife scenes, we examined participants’ motivations for misuse. Prescription painkillers, stimulants and sedatives were the primary substances of interest. Methods: Participants were recruited from nightlife venues in New York using time-space sampling. Subjects completed a mixed-methods assessment at project research offices. The data presented here are from a subsample of 70 q...
-
symbolic boundaries subcultural capital and Prescription Drug misuse across youth cultures
Sociology of Health and Illness, 2015Co-Authors: Brian C. Kelly, Jeffrey T. Parsons, Amy Leclair, Mark Pawson, James Trimarco, Sarit A. GolubAbstract:Prescription Drug misuse among young adults has surged over the past decade. Yet the contexts surrounding this misuse remain unclear, particularly the subcultural contexts. Many young urban adults participate in youth cultures. This article describes the subcultural contexts of Prescription Drug misuse in youth subcultures. Drawing on ethnographic data collected over 12 months from different youth cultural scenes, the authors describe the subcultural bases of Prescription Drug misuse. The symbolic boundaries and subcultural capital inherent in these scenes shape the ways youth think about Drugs and behave accordingly. While young adults are often lumped together by theorists, ethnographic data show considerable variation across these subcultures with regard to what may enable or inhibit Prescription Drug misuse. The broader subcultural ethos in each scene, as well as attitudes towards other types of Drugs, frame the ways that Prescription Drugs are perceived and used in each of these settings. The findings highlight the role of symbolic boundaries and subcultural capital in shaping routine practices of Drug use among young adults. These data show that education campaigns about Prescription Drug misuse should take into account the variability in youth cultural scenes to maximise the efficacy of these messages aimed at young adults.
-
a typology of Prescription Drug misuse a latent class approach to differences and harms
Drug and Alcohol Review, 2015Co-Authors: Brian C. Kelly, Brooke E. Wells, Mike Vuolo, Jonathon H Rendina, Jeffrey T. ParsonsAbstract:Introduction and Aims Prescription Drug misuse is a considerable problem among young adults, and the identification of types of misuse among this population remains important for prevention and intervention efforts. We use latent class analysis to identify possible distinct latent groups of Prescription Drug misusers across multiple Prescription Drug types (pain killers, sedatives and stimulants). Design and Methods Our data are comprised of a sample of 404 young adults recruited from nightlife scenes via time–space sampling. Through the specification of a zero-inflated Poisson latent class analysis, we evaluate differences in class membership by various demographic factors as well as assess the relationship between class membership and health outcomes, including indications of dependence, problems associated with substance use and mental health. Results Our assessment of fit indices led to a four-class solution (dabblers, primary stimulant users, primary downers users and extensive regulars). No demographic differences existed between latent classes. The extensive regular class report the greatest number of symptoms related to dependence, greatest number of problems related to misuse and the greatest mental health problems. The dabblers report the fewest problems and symptoms, while the other two classes experiences problems and symptoms in between the classes on the extremes. Discussion and Conclusions Prevention efforts should take into account that young adults who misuse Prescription Drug have different profiles of misuse, and there may be a need for varied interventions to target these different types of misuse. [Kelly BC, Rendina HJ, Vuolo M, Wells BE, Parsons JT. A typology of Prescription Drug misuse: A latent class approach to differences and harms. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015;34:211–20]
-
Prescription Drug misuse and sexual behavior among young adults
Journal of Sex Research, 2015Co-Authors: Brooke E. Wells, Brian C. Kelly, Jonathon H Rendina, Jeffrey T. ParsonsAbstract:Though research indicates a complex link between substance use and sexual risk behavior, there is limited research on the association between sexual risk behavior and Prescription Drug misuse. In light of alarming increases in Prescription Drug misuse and the role of demographic characteristics in sexual risk behavior and outcomes, the current study examined demographic differences (gender, sexual identity, age, relationship status, parental class background, and race/ethnicity) in sexual risk behavior, sexual behavior under the influence of Prescription Drugs, and sexual risk behavior under the influence of Prescription Drugs in a sample of 402 young adults (ages 18 to 29) who misused Prescription Drugs. Nearly half of the sexually active young adult Prescription Drug misusers in this sample reported recent sex under the influence of Prescription Drugs; more than three-quarters reported recent sex without a condom; and more than one-third reported recent sex without a condom after using Prescription Drugs. Zero-inflated Poisson regression models indicated that White race, younger age, higher parental class, and being a heterosexual man were all associated with sexual risk behavior, sex under the influence of Prescription Drugs, and sexual risk under the influence of Prescription Drugs. Findings have implications for the targeting of prevention and intervention efforts.
Jason A. Ford - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Opioid-involved Prescription Drug misuse and poly-Prescription Drug misuse in U.S. older adults.
Aging & mental health, 2020Co-Authors: Ty S. Schepis, Jason A. Ford, Linda WastilaAbstract:Although older adult Prescription Drug misuse (PDM) is associated with concerning consequences, stimulant PDM and poly- PDM involving multiple medication classes each remain understudied. Our objec...
-
educational attainment and Prescription Drug misuse the importance of push and pull factors for dropping out
Journal of Criminal Justice, 2020Co-Authors: Jason A. Ford, Corey Pomykacz, Kasim Ortiz, Ty S. SchepisAbstract:Abstract Purpose Young adults who do not complete high school are at increased risk for substance use and offending behavior. A limitation of this research is that dropouts are often treated as a homogeneous group, which ignores the various push (e.g., academic failure or disciplinary problems) and pull (e.g., family responsibility or economic need) factors for leaving school. Methods The current study relies on multiple years of data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2009–2014) and examines several dependent variables, including prevalence of Prescription Drug misuse, frequent Prescription Drug misuse, and Prescription Drug-related substance use disorder symptoms. We assess the importance of push and pull factors for dropping out, and compare dropouts to respondents who completed school. Results Multivariable logistic regression analyses produce two important findings. First, push factors increase the risk of various types of Prescription Drug misuse compared to pull factors. Additionally, respondents who attend college are at a decreased risk for various types of Prescription opioid and sedative/tranquilizer misuse and disorder. Discussion The current research identifies important differences in Prescription Drug misuse and disorders among dropouts based on the reason they left school. Additionally, college attendance appears to be a strong protective factor.
-
Disability status and Prescription Drug misuse among U.S. adults.
Addictive behaviors, 2018Co-Authors: Jason A. Ford, Melanie Sberna Hinojosa, Harvey L. NicholsonAbstract:Abstract Background The U.S. is in the midst of a public health crisis related to Drug overdose deaths. Largely responsible for the dramatic increase in overdose deaths is the misuse of Prescription Drugs such as opioids and benzodiazepines. While much research attention has focused on correlates of Prescription Drug misuse in recent years, notable gaps in the literature remain. The current research addresses one of these gaps by examining the relationship between disability status and Prescription Drug misuse. Method We examine data from the 2015 National Survey on Drug use and Health, a leading source of epidemiological data on Drug use in the United States that added questions related to disability status to the 2015 survey. The current research assessed the relationship between disability status (i.e. activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living) and Prescription Drug misuse (i.e. opioids and benzodiazepines) among adults. Results Findings from multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that a disability related to activities of daily living was correlated with opioid misuse, while a disability associated with instrumental activities of daily living was associated with benzodiazepine misuse and misuse of both. In addition, health related measures had a greater impact on the relationship between disability status and Prescription Drug misuse than did the social engagement/isolation measures. Conclusion Findings indicated that disability status is a significant correlate of Prescription Drug misuse. However, this relationship was largely mediated by measures associated with poor health and social engagement/isolation.
-
neighborhood characteristics and Prescription Drug misuse among adolescents the importance of social disorganization and social capital
International Journal of Drug Policy, 2017Co-Authors: Jason A. Ford, Sarah Ann Sacra, Alexis YohrosAbstract:Abstract Background Prior research on Prescription Drug misuse has focused on identifying individual risk factors. While a few studies examine differences in misuse based on geographic residence, there is a lack of research that examines the relevance of neighbourhood characteristics. Methods The current research used data from the 2000 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, a sample of respondents that was generalizable to the non-institutionalised population of the United States. Logistic regression models were estimated to examine the relationship between neighbourhood characteristics (e.g., social disorganisation, social capital, and social participation) and Prescription Drug misuse (e.g., any misuse, pain reliever misuse, sedative/tranquiliser misuse, and stimulant misuse) among adolescent respondents ages 12–17. Results Findings show that neighbourhood characteristics were significantly associated with any Prescription Drug misuse and also the misuse of Prescription opioids. Adolescents in socially disorganised neighbourhoods and also those in neighbourhoods with lower levels of social capital were more likely to report Prescription Drug misuse. Interestingly, adolescents with greater levels of social participation were more likely to report Prescription Drug misuse. Conclusion These findings were largely consistent with prior research examining the significance of neighbourhood characteristics in relation to crime and deviance. In order to adequately address the ongoing Prescription Drug epidemic in the United States, policy makers must address the neighbourhood characteristics that are known to be associated with Prescription Drug misuse.
-
Prescription Drug Misuse and Arrest History
Substance use & misuse, 2017Co-Authors: Jason A. Ford, Lauren WrightAbstract:Background: Prescription Drug misuse is widely acknowledged as a major public health issue in the United States. Surprisingly little research examines the association between Prescription Drug misu...
Lewis S Nelson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Best Practices for Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs in the Emergency Department Setting: Results of an Expert Panel
Annals of Emergency Medicine, 2015Co-Authors: Margaret B. Greenwood-ericksen, Lewis S Nelson, Sabrina J. Poon, Scott G. Weiner, Jeremiah D. SchuurAbstract:Prescription Drug monitoring programs are generally underused in emergency departments (ED) and nationwide enrollment is low among emergency physicians. We aimed to develop consensus recommendations for Prescription Drug monitoring program policy and design to optimize their functionality and use in the ED. We assembled a technical expert panel with key stakeholders in emergency medicine, public health, and public policy. The panel included academic and community-based emergency physicians, a pediatric fellowship–trained emergency physician, a medical toxicologist, a public health expert, a patient advocate, a legal expert, and two state Prescription Drug monitoring program administrators. We compiled Prescription Drug monitoring program policies and characteristics and organized them into domains based on user–Prescription Drug monitoring program interaction. The panel convened for 3 rounds in which the policies and characteristics were introduced, discussed, and modified in an iterative fashion to achieve consensus. The process yielded policy recommendations and design features, with majority agreement. The panel made 18 policy recommendations within these main themes: enrollment should be mandatory, with an automatic process to mitigate the workload; registration should be open to all prescribers; delegates should have access to Prescription Drug monitoring program to alleviate work flow burdens; Prescription Drug monitoring program data should be pushed into hospital electronic health records; Prescription Drug monitoring program review should be mandatory for patients receiving opioid Prescriptions and based on objective criteria; the Prescription Drug monitoring program content should be standardized and updated in a timely manner; and states should encourage interstate data sharing. An expert panel identified 18 recommendations that can be used by states and policymakers to improve Prescription Drug monitoring program design to increase use in the ED setting.
-
medication reconciliation for controlled substances an ideal Prescription Drug monitoring program
The New England Journal of Medicine, 2012Co-Authors: Jeanmarie Perrone, Lewis S NelsonAbstract:In the face of an epidemic of misuse of Prescription opioids and related deaths, many states have created Prescription-Drug monitoring programs to track prescribing of controlled substances. As such programs are developed, expanded, or retooled, reanalysis is in order.
-
Prescription Drug abuse insight into the epidemic
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2010Co-Authors: S H Hernandez, Lewis S NelsonAbstract:The emergence of clinically efficacious Prescription Drugs to treat pain, anxiety, and learning disorders is accompanied by the potential for nonmedical use. Prescription Drug abuse has become a modern-day epidemic in the United States and is now second only to marijuana use across all age groups. This article reviews the various data collection, analysis, and reporting systems that have been developed in response to the growing concern for nonmedical Prescription Drug use. The terminology used to categorize Prescription Drugs that are abused and the various definitions for abuse, misuse, and nonmedical use are discussed. The epidemiology of nonmedical Prescription Drug use and an overview of each class of Prescription Drug that is at risk for nonmedical use are presented along with details of specific Drugs that are associated with significant morbidity or mortality.
Michael S. Wolf - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Improving patient understanding of Prescription Drug label instructions.
Journal of General Internal Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Terry C. Davis, Alex D. Federman, Pat F. Bass, Robert H. Jackson, Mark Middlebrooks, Ruth M. Parker, Michael S. WolfAbstract:Background Patient misunderstanding of instructions on Prescription Drug labels is common and a likely cause of medication error and less effective treatment.
-
To err is human: patient misinterpretations of Prescription Drug label instructions.
Patient Education and Counseling, 2007Co-Authors: Michael S. Wolf, Terry C. Davis, Pat F. Bass, William H. Shrank, David N. Rapp, Ulla Connor, Marla L. Clayman, Ruth M. ParkerAbstract:Objective: To examine the nature and cause of patients’ misunderstanding common dosage instructions on Prescription Drug container labels.Methods: In-person cognitive interviews including a literacy assessment were conducted among 395 patients at one of three primary care clinics in Shreveport, Louisiana, Jackson, Michigan and Chicago, Illinois. Patients were asked to read and demonstrate understanding of dosage instructions for five common Prescription medications. Correct understanding was determined by a panel of blinded physician raters reviewing patient verbatim responses. Qualitative methods were employed to code incorrect responses and generate themes regarding causes for misunderstanding.Results: Rates of misunderstanding for the five dosage instructions ranged from 8 to 33%. Patients with low literacy had higher rates of misunderstanding compared to those with marginal or adequate literacy (63% versus 51% versus 38%, p Conclusion: Misunderstanding dosage instructions on Prescription Drug labels is common. While limited literacy is associated with misunderstanding, the instructions themselves are awkwardly phrased, vague, and unnecessarily difficult.Practice implications: Prescription Drug labels should use explicit dosing intervals, clear and simple language, within a patient-friendly label format. Health literacy and cognitive factors research should be consulted.
