The Experts below are selected from a list of 264 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gabriele Oettingen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Self-regulation of goal-setting: Turning free fantasies about the future into binding goals.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2020Co-Authors: Gabriele Oettingen, Karoline SchnetterAbstract:: Fantasy realization theory states that when people contrast their fantasies about a desired future with reflections on Present Reality, a necessity to act is induced that leads to the activation and use of relevant expectations. Strong goal commitment arises in light of favorable expectations, and weak goal commitment arises in light of unfavorable expectations. To the contrary, when people only fantasize about a desired future or only reflect on Present Reality, expectancy-independent moderate goal commitment emerges. Four experiments pertaining to various life domains supported these hypotheses. Strength of goal commitment was assessed in cognitive (e.g., making plans), affective (e.g., felt attachment), and behavioral terms (e.g., effort expenditure, quality of performance). Implications for theories on goal setting and goal striving are discussed.
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Taking Responsibility for Others and Use of Mental Contrasting
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2020Co-Authors: A. Timur Sevincer, Tanja Musik, Alina Degener, Annika Greinert, Gabriele OettingenAbstract:Mentally contrasting a desired future with Present Reality fosters selective goal pursuit: People pursue feasible desired futures and let go from unfeasible ones. We investigated whether people are...
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Demand to Act and Use of Mental Contrasting
Social Psychology, 2018Co-Authors: A. Timur Sevincer, Patrik Tessmann, Gabriele OettingenAbstract:Abstract. Mentally contrasting a desired future with Present Reality fosters selective goal pursuit: People pursue feasible desired futures and let go from unfeasible ones. We investigated whether ...
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How Hope Influences Goal-Directed Behavior
Oxford Handbooks Online, 2017Co-Authors: Gabriele Oettingen, Malin Patricia ChromikAbstract:This chapter explores how hope affects goal-directed behavior. In contrast to expectancy-based hope theories, hope is defined as positive fantasies about the future despite having low expectations of reaching the desired future. Depending on whether people indulge in these positive fantasies or mentally contrast them with the Present Reality, and depending on the situational contexts, such positive fantasies can serve different functions. In situations in which action alternatives are possible, positive fantasies complemented with obstacles of the Present Reality allow people to selectively pursue desired futures. People invest their limited resources in feasible futures. However, in situations in which action alternatives are not possible and people can neither reach their desired future nor disengage from it, indulging in positive fantasies without contrasting them with the Reality can help people to endure the difficult situations. The chapter also considers affective aspects of hope and discusses directions for future research.
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Ego depletion and the use of mental contrasting
Motivation and Emotion, 2015Co-Authors: A. Timur Sevincer, Björn Schlier, Gabriele OettingenAbstract:Mentally contrasting a desired future with Present Reality leads to goal pursuit in accordance with people’s expectations of realizing the desired future. Because mental contrasting is a purposeful self-regulation strategy that involves mental effort and complex information processing we suspected that people who are depleted or mentally fatigued are less likely to mentally contrast than those who are not. Indeed, participants who performed a depleting first task were less likely to subsequently mentally contrast about an important personal wish than those who performed a nondepleting first task. However, activating the desired future and Present Reality by priming (Study 1) or increasing the demand for mental contrasting by confronting participants with an impending task (Study 2) counteracted the effect of depletion on the reduced use of mental contrasting. We discuss implications for the use of mental contrasting and the strength model of self-control.
A. Timur Sevincer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Taking Responsibility for Others and Use of Mental Contrasting
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2020Co-Authors: A. Timur Sevincer, Tanja Musik, Alina Degener, Annika Greinert, Gabriele OettingenAbstract:Mentally contrasting a desired future with Present Reality fosters selective goal pursuit: People pursue feasible desired futures and let go from unfeasible ones. We investigated whether people are...
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Demand to Act and Use of Mental Contrasting
Social Psychology, 2018Co-Authors: A. Timur Sevincer, Patrik Tessmann, Gabriele OettingenAbstract:Abstract. Mentally contrasting a desired future with Present Reality fosters selective goal pursuit: People pursue feasible desired futures and let go from unfeasible ones. We investigated whether ...
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Ego depletion and the use of mental contrasting
Motivation and Emotion, 2015Co-Authors: A. Timur Sevincer, Björn Schlier, Gabriele OettingenAbstract:Mentally contrasting a desired future with Present Reality leads to goal pursuit in accordance with people’s expectations of realizing the desired future. Because mental contrasting is a purposeful self-regulation strategy that involves mental effort and complex information processing we suspected that people who are depleted or mentally fatigued are less likely to mentally contrast than those who are not. Indeed, participants who performed a depleting first task were less likely to subsequently mentally contrast about an important personal wish than those who performed a nondepleting first task. However, activating the desired future and Present Reality by priming (Study 1) or increasing the demand for mental contrasting by confronting participants with an impending task (Study 2) counteracted the effect of depletion on the reduced use of mental contrasting. We discuss implications for the use of mental contrasting and the strength model of self-control.
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Mental Contrasting and Transfer of Energization
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2014Co-Authors: A. Timur Sevincer, P. Daniel Busatta, Gabriele OettingenAbstract:Mental contrasting a desired future with Present Reality is a self-regulation strategy that fosters energization in line with a person's expectations of successfully attaining the desired future. We investigated whether physiological energization (measured by systolic blood pressure) elicited by mental contrasting a desired future of solving a given task transfers to effort in an unrelated task. As predicted, mental contrasting a desired future of excelling in an intelligence test (Study 1) and of writing an excellent essay (Study 2) triggered changes in energization that translated into physical effort in squeezing a handgrip (Study 1) and translated into mental effort in writing a get-well letter (Study 2). Results suggest that mental contrasting of solving one task triggers energization that may fuel effort for performing an unrelated task. Implications for intervention research are discussed.
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Implicit theories and motivational focus: Desired future versus Present Reality
Motivation and Emotion, 2014Co-Authors: A. Timur Sevincer, Lena Kluge, Gabriele OettingenAbstract:People’s beliefs concerning their abilities differ. Incremental theorists believe their abilities (e.g., intelligence) are malleable; entity theorists believe their abilities are fixed (Dweck in Mindset: the new psychology of success. Random House, New York, 2007). On the basis that incremental theorists should emphasize improving their abilities for the future, whereas entity theorists should emphasize demonstrating their abilities in the Present Reality, we predicted that, when thinking about their wishes, compared to entity theorists, incremental theorists focus more toward the desired future than the Present Reality. We assessed participants’ motivational focus using a paradigm that differentiated how much they chose to imagine the desired future versus the Present Reality regarding an important wish (Kappes et al. in Emotion 11: 1206–1222, 2011). We found the predicted effect by manipulating (Study 1) and measuring implicit theories (Study 2), in the academic (Study 1) and in the sport domain (Study 2). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved)(journal abstract)
Deepak L Bhatt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tavr in patients with severe aortic stenosis and less than high risk future or Present Reality
Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions, 2015Co-Authors: Tannas Jatene, Deepak L BhattAbstract:: TAVR use is growing in patients with less than high surgical risk. Several registries, including this one, show excellent safety with TAVR in intermediate-risk patients compared with similar patients undergoing SAVR. Long-term data from ongoing randomized trials will answer definitively if we should routinely perform TAVR in intermediate-risk patients.
Deepak Bhatt Md Mph L Fscai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tavr in patients with severe aortic stenosis and less than high risk future or Present Reality
Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions, 2015Co-Authors: Deepak Bhatt Md Mph L FscaiAbstract:Key points TAVR use is growing in patients with less than high surgical risk. Several registries, including this one, show excellent safety with TAVR in intermediate-risk patients compared with similar patients undergoing SAVR. Long-term data from ongoing randomized trials will answer definitively if we should routinely perform TAVR in intermediate-risk patients.
G Quack - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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glycineb antagonists as potential therapeutic agents previous hopes and Present Reality
Amino Acids, 1998Co-Authors: Wojciech Danysz, Chris G Parsons, M Karczkubichal, A Schwaier, Piotr Popik, K Wedzony, J W Lazarewicz, G QuackAbstract:: It is not clear what therapeutic application is most likely for agents blocking glycine site of the NMDA receptors (glycineB). Majority of the studies to date used either glycineB antagonists with doubtful brain penetration or partial agonists. Following systemic administration to rats of our newly developed glycineB antagonists (MRZ 2/570; 2/571 and 2/576) and L-701,324 (MSD) as a reference agent the following behavioural effects were observed: weak (if any) antiparkinsonian-like effects, lack of anxiolytic activity, inhibition of physical and motivational aspects of morphine dependence and neuroprotective activity in global ischaemia. The side effects include: sedation, ataxia, and myorelaxation. We detected neither vacuolisation in the cingulate cortex nor impairment of pre-pulse inhibition indicating lack of psychotomimetic potential.
