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J.p. Niel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Modulation by C2 ceramide of the nicotinic transmission within the coeliac ganglion in the rabbit.
Neuroscience, 2003Co-Authors: C Fasano, J.p. Miolan, J.p. NielAbstract:We have investigated the modulation by ceramide of the nicotinic activation of the Prevertebral sympathetic neurons. Our study was performed in vitro in rabbit isolated coeliac ganglion, using intracellular recording techniques. We have used C(2) ceramide, a permeant analog of ceramide. The effects of C(2) ceramide were first assessed when nicotinic activation was elicited without modulatory mechanisms (fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials triggered by stimulation of the thoracic splanchnic nerves with a single pulse). In all the neurons tested, C(2) ceramide triggered an increase in the amplitude of the fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials demonstrating a direct facilitatory effect on the nicotinic activation. We then investigated the effects of C(2) ceramide on modulatory mechanisms of this activation. These mechanisms occur when a train of pulses of supramaximum intensity is applied on the splanchnic nerves. During the train, a gradual depression of fast nicotinic activation occurred: the pulses failed to systematically elicit action potentials. We have previously demonstrated that this regulatory phenomenon is partly modulated by nitric oxide which exerts a dual effect: facilitation or inhibition of the nicotinic activation. In all the neurons tested, C(2) ceramide decreased the number of action potentials fired during a train of pulses, demonstrating an indirect inhibitory effect on the nicotinic activation. The use of 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (nitric oxide scavenger) suppressed the inhibitory effect of C(2) ceramide, demonstrating that this effect is mediated through the nitric oxide pathway. C(2) dihydro-ceramide, an inactive analog of ceramide, was without effect on the nicotinic activation of the ganglionic neurons. These results demonstrate that ceramide exerts a complex modulation of the nicotinic activation of the Prevertebral neurons: direct facilitation and indirect inhibition involving the nitric oxide pathway. In fact, C(2) ceramide plays a key gating role in the dual effect of the nitric oxide pathway by activating the inhibitory effect. The existence of this gating mechanism involving ceramide and nitric oxide opens new perspectives in terms of our understanding of the modulation of synaptic transmission within the Prevertebral Ganglia. Our study demonstrates that sphingolipids are involved in complex modulations of the synaptic activation within the Prevertebral Ganglia, and thus contribute to their integrative properties.
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Effects of testosterone on the electrical properties and nicotinic transmission of the major pelvic and coeliac ganglion neurones.
Journal of neuroendocrinology, 2001Co-Authors: B. Félix, J.p. Miolan, D. Catalin, J.p. NielAbstract:The effects of testosterone on the electrical properties and nicotinic activation of Prevertebral ganglion neurones were investigated in vitro on the male rat major pelvic ganglion and rabbit coeliac ganglion. The electrical activity of the neurones was recorded using intracellular recording techniques. Nicotinic activation was triggered for neurones of the major pelvic ganglion by stimulating the hypogastric, pelvic and cavernous nerves and for coeliac neurones by stimulating the splanchnic nerves. Testosterone modified the resting membrane potential of neurones in the major pelvic ganglion by triggering a slow depolarization, and was without significant effect on the resting membrane potential of coeliac ganglion neurones. In neurones of the major pelvic and coeliac Ganglia, testosterone had no significant effect on the firing pattern, on the characteristics of the action potential (firing threshold, duration, overshoot) and on the after-hyperpolarization (amplitude and duration). Testosterone affected, in opposite ways, the nicotinic activation of neurones of the two Prevertebral Ganglia. In the major pelvic ganglion, testosterone triggered an increase in the amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic potentials induced by stimulation of the hypogastric, pelvic and cavernous nerves with a single pulse, revealing a facilitation of nicotinic activation. On coeliac ganglion neurones, testosterone elicited a decrease in the amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic potentials induced by stimulation of the splanchnic nerves, indicating an inhibition of nicotinic activation. Our study shows that testosterone acts differently on neurones of Prevertebral Ganglia involved in the nervous control of different functions, its facilitatory action being exerted on neurones of the major pelvic ganglion which is particularly involved in the control of the urogenital tract. Our study reinforces the concept, derived from neuroanatomical and pharmacological studies, of the major pelvic ganglion as a major peripheral target for testosterone.
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Muscarinic receptor activation is a prerequisite for the endogenous release of nitric oxide modulating nicotinic transmission within the coeliac ganglion in the rabbit.
Neuroscience, 2000Co-Authors: N. Quinson, J.p. Miolan, J.p. NielAbstract:Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the activation of muscarinic receptors is a preliminary step to the endogenous release of nitric oxide modulating nicotinic transmission within the Prevertebral Ganglia. This work has been performed in vitro in isolated rabbit coeliac ganglion. The electrical activity of the ganglionic neurons was recorded using intracellular recording techniques. When a train of pulses of supramaximal intensity was applied to the splanchnic nerves, gradual depression of fast nicotinic transmission occurred: the pulses do not systematically elicit action potentials, but very often elicit excitatory postsynaptic potentials only. The use of pharmacological agents that interfere with the nitric oxide pathway such as l -arginine (precursor of nitric oxide) or 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (nitric oxide scavenger) demonstrated that nitric oxide modulates this depression phenomenon by facilitating or inhibiting the nicotinic transmission of the ganglionic neurons. A nitric oxide donor (diethylamine/nitric oxide complex) induced an inhibition of the nicotinic synaptic transmission. In the presence of the muscarinic receptors antagonist atropine, l -arginine and 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide failed to modify the nicotinic transmission of the ganglionic neurons but diethylamine/nitric oxide complex was still able to inhibit it. These results demonstrate that in the coeliac ganglion, the activation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors is a prerequisite for the activation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in preganglionic fibres. The nitric oxide released then exerts a facilitation or an inhibition of the nicotinic transmission of the ganglionic neurons. Atropine triggered a facilitation of the nicotinic transmission when superfused alone and an inhibition when superfused in the presence of 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide. These results confirm that muscarinic receptors activate the nitric oxide pathway modulating the nicotinic transmission of the Prevertebral neurons. Our results also demonstrate that when the nitric oxide pathway is blocked, activation of muscarinic receptors leads to facilitation of the nicotinic transmission. Our study brings new insights concerning the modulation by nitric oxide and by muscarinic receptors of the synaptic transmission within the Prevertebral Ganglia.
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The mammalian sympathetic Prevertebral Ganglia: integrative properties and role in the nervous control of digestive tract motility
Journal of the autonomic nervous system, 1996Co-Authors: J.p. Miolan, J.p. NielAbstract:The Prevertebral Ganglia which are a constitutive part of the sympathetic system have long been considered as a simple relay on this efferent pathway. In fact, these Ganglia must be considered as true peripheral nervous centres. They possess various integrative properties, such as projections of central and peripheral inputs onto the ganglionic neurones, gating of these projections and pacemaker activity of the ganglionic neurones. These properties explain the ability of these Ganglia to participate in the regulation of various visceral functions, including digestive tract motility.
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Satellite glial cells In Situ within mammalian Prevertebral Ganglia express K^+ channels active at rest potential
The Journal of Membrane Biology, 1993Co-Authors: M. Gola, J.p. Niel, P. Delmas, G. JacquetAbstract:Patch-clamp experiments were performed on satellite glial cells wrapped around sympathetic neurons in the rabbit coeliac ganglion. With the cleaning method used, the glial cells could be kept in place and were directly accessible to the patch-clamp pipettes. Whole-cell recordings showed that glial cells had almost ohmic properties. Their resting potential (−79.1±1.2 mV) was found to be very nearly the same as the K^+ reversal potential and ≈20 mV more negative than that of the neurons they encapsulated. Unitary currents from ionic channels present in the glial membrane were recorded in the cell-attached configuration with pipettes filled with various amounts of K^+, Na^+ and gluconate. Only K^+-selective channels with slight inwardly rectifying properties (in the presence of 150 mM [K^+]_0) were detected. These channels were active ( P _0=0.7–0.8) at the cell resting potential. The channel conductance, but not its opening probability, was dependent on the [K^+] in the pipette. Cl^−-selective channels (outwardly rectifying and large conductance channels) were detected in excised patches. The properties of the K^+ channels (increased inward current with [K^+] and detectable outward current at low [K^+]) are well suited for siphoning the K^+ released by active neurons.
B F King - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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physiology of Prevertebral Ganglia in mammals with special reference to inferior mesenteric ganglion
Comprehensive Physiology, 2011Co-Authors: Joseph H. Szurszewski, B F KingAbstract:The sections in this article are: 1 Neuroanatomy of Prevertebral Ganglia 1.1 General Descriptions 1.2 Components of Prevertebral Ganglia 2 Innervation of Prevertebral Ganglia 2.1 Spinal Preganglionic Neurons to Prevertebral Ganglion Cells 2.2 Visceral Afferent Fibers to Prevertebral Ganglion Cells 3 Electrophysiology of Prevertebral Ganglion Cells 3.1 Resting Membrane Potential 3.2 Neuromodulation of Resting Membrane Potential 3.3 Other Modulations of Resting Membrane Potential 3.4 Firing Patterns of Sympathetic Neurons 3.5 Modification of Firing Patterns 3.6 Afterspike Hyperpolarizations of Sympathetic Neurons 4 Synaptic Transmission in Prevertebral Ganglia 4.1 Fast Synaptic Transmission 4.2 Slow Synaptic Transmission 5 Neurotransmitters in Prevertebral Ganglia 5.1 Substance P 5.2 Enkephalins and Endorphin 5.3 Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide 5.4 Cholecystokinin 5.5 Dynorphin 5.6 Bombesin 5.7 Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide 5.8 Neurotensin 5.9 Serotonin 5.10 Vasopressin 5.11 Somatostatin and Neuropeptide Y 6 Summary
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Comprehensive Physiology - Physiology of Prevertebral Ganglia in mammals with special reference to inferior mesenteric ganglion
Comprehensive Physiology, 2011Co-Authors: J. H. Szurszewski, B F KingAbstract:The sections in this article are: 1 Neuroanatomy of Prevertebral Ganglia 1.1 General Descriptions 1.2 Components of Prevertebral Ganglia 2 Innervation of Prevertebral Ganglia 2.1 Spinal Preganglionic Neurons to Prevertebral Ganglion Cells 2.2 Visceral Afferent Fibers to Prevertebral Ganglion Cells 3 Electrophysiology of Prevertebral Ganglion Cells 3.1 Resting Membrane Potential 3.2 Neuromodulation of Resting Membrane Potential 3.3 Other Modulations of Resting Membrane Potential 3.4 Firing Patterns of Sympathetic Neurons 3.5 Modification of Firing Patterns 3.6 Afterspike Hyperpolarizations of Sympathetic Neurons 4 Synaptic Transmission in Prevertebral Ganglia 4.1 Fast Synaptic Transmission 4.2 Slow Synaptic Transmission 5 Neurotransmitters in Prevertebral Ganglia 5.1 Substance P 5.2 Enkephalins and Endorphin 5.3 Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide 5.4 Cholecystokinin 5.5 Dynorphin 5.6 Bombesin 5.7 Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide 5.8 Neurotensin 5.9 Serotonin 5.10 Vasopressin 5.11 Somatostatin and Neuropeptide Y 6 Summary
Joseph H. Szurszewski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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P21 Endogenous H2S produced by CSE selectively facilitates acetylcholine release from synaptic terminals of central origin in mouse superior mesenteric ganglion
Nitric Oxide, 2012Co-Authors: Lei Sha, David R. Linden, Gianrico Farrugia, Joseph H. SzurszewskiAbstract:Abdominal sympathetic Prevertebral Ganglia in mammals play a major physiological role in regulating motility, absorption and secretion in the gastrointestinal tract and its accessory organs. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as an important messenger molecule in the central nervous system and enteric nervous system. We designed experiments to test the hypotheses that Prevertebral Ganglia have the enzymatic machinery to generate H2S, that H2S is continuously generated and released in the Prevertebral Ganglia and that H2S modulates fast cholinergic nicotinic excitatory synaptic input (F-EPSP). Methods The superior mesenteric ganglion (SMG) and attached splanchnic and colonic nerve trunks were dissected from adult SJL/J mice. The use of mouse tissue was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Sharp glass microelectrodes were used for intracellular recordings and bi-polar stimulating electrodes were used to evoke F-EPSPs. Immunostaining was performed with antibodies for cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and with vesicular acetylcholine transporter to identify preganglionic cholinergic terminals. Since the amount of tissue in mouse Prevertebral Ganglia was less than the amount required for the assay method (gas chromatography), we used guinea pig Prevertebral Ganglia to measure endogenous H2S generation. Results Immunoreactivity of CSE was found in neurons and glia cells. There was no colocalization of CSE with immunoreactivity of vesicular acetylcholine transporter. Immunoreactivity of CBS was only found in some glia cells. There was no colocalization between immunoreactivity of CBS and immunoreactivity of vesicular acetylcholine transporter. Endogenous H2S was generated and released from homogenized guinea pig sympathetic Prevertebral Ganglia at a rate of 2.52 ± 0.52 pmol/min/mg tissue weight, suggesting that H2S is generated in intact Prevertebral Ganglia. To determine whether the F-EPSPs are potentiated by endogenously released H2S in mouse SMG, we tested the effect of inhibiting H2S break-down using stigmatellin, a specific sulfide quinone reductase inhibitor. Stigmatellin (1 μM) significantly (p dl -propargylglycine (PAG) (1 μM) on F-EPSPs evoked by splanchnic and colonic nerve stimulation in the presence of PAG. The amplitude and area of F-EPSPs evoked by splanchnic nerve stimulation were significantly (p 0.05) effect on F-EPSPs evoked by colonic nerve stimulation (30.2 ± 6.1 mV and 808 ± 235 ms · mV with PAG vs. 26.9 ± 7.6 mV and 855 ± 241 ms · mV before PAG; n = 5). Conclusions H2S is enzymatically generated and released in the mouse Prevertebral Ganglia where it potentiates fast cholinergic synaptic input in a pathway specific manner.
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physiology of Prevertebral Ganglia in mammals with special reference to inferior mesenteric ganglion
Comprehensive Physiology, 2011Co-Authors: Joseph H. Szurszewski, B F KingAbstract:The sections in this article are: 1 Neuroanatomy of Prevertebral Ganglia 1.1 General Descriptions 1.2 Components of Prevertebral Ganglia 2 Innervation of Prevertebral Ganglia 2.1 Spinal Preganglionic Neurons to Prevertebral Ganglion Cells 2.2 Visceral Afferent Fibers to Prevertebral Ganglion Cells 3 Electrophysiology of Prevertebral Ganglion Cells 3.1 Resting Membrane Potential 3.2 Neuromodulation of Resting Membrane Potential 3.3 Other Modulations of Resting Membrane Potential 3.4 Firing Patterns of Sympathetic Neurons 3.5 Modification of Firing Patterns 3.6 Afterspike Hyperpolarizations of Sympathetic Neurons 4 Synaptic Transmission in Prevertebral Ganglia 4.1 Fast Synaptic Transmission 4.2 Slow Synaptic Transmission 5 Neurotransmitters in Prevertebral Ganglia 5.1 Substance P 5.2 Enkephalins and Endorphin 5.3 Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide 5.4 Cholecystokinin 5.5 Dynorphin 5.6 Bombesin 5.7 Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide 5.8 Neurotensin 5.9 Serotonin 5.10 Vasopressin 5.11 Somatostatin and Neuropeptide Y 6 Summary
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Leptin receptor immunoreactivity in sympathetic Prevertebral ganglion neurons of mouse and rat.
Neuroscience letters, 1999Co-Authors: Steven M. Miller, Eduardo E. Benarroch, P. F. Schmalz, Joseph H. SzurszewskiAbstract:Prevertebral Ganglia, comprising the inferior mesenteric, superior mesenteric and celiac Ganglia, contain the cell bodies of sympathetic neurons that regulate gastrointestinal motility, visceral blood flow, secretion and absorption. In the present study, we report the presence of leptin receptor-like immunoreactivity in the superior mesenteric and celiac Ganglia of mice and rats. Ganglion neurons were immunopositive for leptin receptor. Confocal microscopy and three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of ganglion neurons filled with Lucifer yellow and then immunostained for leptin receptor showed that leptin receptor immunoreactivity was intracellular and that it was present on structures encircling the nucleus. These results raise the possibility that leptin may affect gastrointestinal function by acting on leptin receptors located in Prevertebral ganglion neurons.
John B. Furness - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comprehensive Physiology - Structure and Neurochemical Organization of the Enteric Nervous System
Comprehensive Physiology, 2011Co-Authors: Marcello Costa, John B. FurnessAbstract:The sections in this article are: 1 Histochemical Analysis of Circuitry of Enteric Nervous System 2 Nerve Cell Bodies in Enteric Ganglia 3 Distribution of Nerve Fibers 4 Direct Tracing of Enteric Neuron Projections 5 Effects of Lesions 6 Retrograde-Transport Tracing of Enteric Nerve Pathways 7 Projections of Enteric Neurons to Specific Targets and Functional Correlations 7.1 Guinea Pig Small Intestine Circular Muscle 7.2 Longitudinal Muscle 7.3 Myenteric Ganglia of Guinea Pig Small Intestine 7.4 Submucous Ganglia in Guinea Pig Small Intestine 7.5 Mucosa 7.6 Blood Vessels 7.7 Prevertebral Ganglia 7.8 Projections of Enteric Neurons in Other Species 8 Conclusions
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Sympathetic innervation of the ileocecal junction in horses.
The Journal of comparative neurology, 2010Co-Authors: D. Russo, John B. Furness, C. Bombardi, A. Grandis, A. Spadari, C. Bernardini, R. ChiocchettiAbstract:The distribution and chemical phenotypes of sympathetic and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons innervating the equine ileocecal junction (ICJ) were studied by combining retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry. Immunoreactivity (IR) for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) was investigated. Sympathetic neurons projecting to the ICJ were distributed within the celiac (CG), cranial mesenteric (CranMG), and caudal mesenteric (CaudMG) Ganglia, as well as in the last Ganglia of the thoracic sympathetic chain and in the splanchnic Ganglia. In the CG and CranMG 91 ± 8% and 93 ± 12% of the neurons innervating the ICJ expressed TH- and DBH-IR, respectively. In the CaudMG 90 ± 15% and 94 ± 5% of ICJ innervating neurons were TH- and DBH-IR, respectively. Sympathetic (TH-IR) fibers innervated the myenteric and submucosal Ganglia, ileal blood vessels, and the muscle layers. They were more concentrated at the ICJ level and were also seen encircling myenteric plexus (MP) and submucosal plexus (SMP) descending neurons that were retrogradely labeled from the ICJ. Among the few retrogradely labeled DRG neurons, nNOS-, CGRP-, and SP-IR nerve cells were observed. Dense networks of CGRP-, nNOS-, and SP-IR varicosities were seen around retrogradely labeled Prevertebral Ganglia neurons. The CGRP-IR fibers are probably the endings of neurons projecting from the intestine to the Prevertebral Ganglia. These findings indicate that this crucial region of the intestinal tract is strongly influenced by the sympathetic system and that sensory information of visceral origin influences the sympathetic control of the ICJ. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:4046–4066, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Locations and innervation of cell bodies of sympathetic neurons projecting to the gastrointestinal tract in the rat.
Archives of histology and cytology, 2001Co-Authors: N. Quinson, Heather L. Robbins, M. J. Clark, John B. FurnessAbstract:The locations of cell bodies of sympathetic neurons projecting to the stomach, the duodenum, the ileum, the colon, the spleen and the pancreas have been studied using retrograde tracing. Projections arose from both pre- and paravertebral Ganglia. In the rat, the Prevertebral Ganglia are the paired coeliac Ganglia lying caudo-lateral to the root of the coeliac artery, paired splanchnic Ganglia in the abdominal segments of the greater splanchnic nerves, unpaired superior mesenteric and inter-renal Ganglia and the inferior mesenteric Ganglia. The projections from the Prevertebral sympathetic Ganglia to the different parts of the gut were organised somatotopically. The most rostral Ganglia (splanchnic, coeliac, and superior mesenteric Ganglia) contained neurons innervating all regions of the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas and the spleen. The inter-renal and inferior mesenteric Ganglia, located more caudally, contained neurons innervating the distal part of the gut (distal ileum and colon). The innervation of the spleen and the pancreas came from the closest Ganglia (sympathetic chains, splanchnic and coeliac Ganglia). This organotopic organisation was not found in the sympathetic chain Ganglia; the innervation of all organs came predominantly from the lower part of the thoracic chains. A large proportion of the retrogradely labelled nerve cells in the splanchnic Ganglia received nitric oxide synthase immunoreactive innervation probably from the spinal cord. In the other Prevertebral Ganglia, most of the neurons received nitric oxide synthase immunoreactive innervation and/or bombesin immunoreactive innervation. This leads to the conclusion that, in these Ganglia, many neurons receive projections from the gastrointestinal tract in addition to the spinal cord.
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Characterisation of neurons with nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity that project to Prevertebral Ganglia
Journal of the autonomic nervous system, 1995Co-Authors: Colin R. Anderson, John B. Furness, Heather L. Woodman, S.l. Edwards, Peter J. Crack, A. I. SmithAbstract:Abstract Retrograde dye tracing was combined with immunohistochemistry to determine the distributions of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunoreactive nerve cells that project to Prevertebral Ganglia from the gastrointestinal tract and spinal cord of the guinea pig. An antiserum was raised against the neuronal form of NOS by selecting an amino-acid sequence specific to this form as immunogen. The antiserum recognised a single band at 150 kDa on Western blots of rat brain extract. Enteric nerve cells that were labelled by Fast Blue injected into the coeliac ganglion were not NOS immunoreactive in the small intestine, whereas 40–70% were reactive in the large intestine. Retrograde dye injected into the inferior mesenteric ganglion labels cells in the colon and rectum; 60–70% were immunoreactive for NOS. The NOS-immunoreactive nerve fibres arising in the intestine appear to end selectively around somatostatin-immunoreactive nerve cells in the coeliac and inferior mesenteric Ganglia. Preganglionic nerve cell bodies in the intermediolateral column and dorsal commissural nucleus form T12 to L2 were labelled from the inferior mesenteric ganglion. Nearly 70% of neurons at each level were NOS immunoreactive. Thus, two sources of NOS terminals in Prevertebral Ganglia have been identified, intestinofugal neurons of the large, but not the small intestine, and sympathetic preganglionic neurons.
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Locations and Chemistries of Sympathetic Nerve Cells that Project to the Gastrointestinal Tract and Spleen
Archives of histology and cytology, 1994Co-Authors: P. Trudrung, John B. Furness, S. Pompolo, J. P. MessengerAbstract:Retrograde tracing was used to determine the locations of sympathetic nerve cells whose axons project to the stomach, small intestine, caecum, proximal colon, distal colon and spleen of the guinea-pig. Projections from Prevertebral Ganglia were organotopically arranged within and between Ganglia. The cranially located coeliac ganglion provided the major input to proximal gut regions; the distal gut received more caudal input, from superior and inferior mesenteric and the hypogastric nerve Ganglia. Nevertheless, minor proportions of the innervation of some target organs arose from other than the closest ganglion and the caecum had input from each of the coeliac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric Ganglia. Topography within a ganglion was best defined in the coeliac, in which nerve cells whose axons projected to the spleen, stomach and duodenum were preferentially laterally located, whereas most of those projecting to the proximal colon were medial. Fewer neurons projected from paravertebral--compared with Prevertebral--Ganglia to abdominal viscera. Projections to the stomach came from all thoracic chain Ganglia, those to the duodenum and spleen from lower thoracic Ganglia and those to the large intestine from lumbar chain Ganglia. It is suggested that the previously reported chemical topography of nerve cells in sympathetic Ganglia might be secondary to their organotopic organization.
J. H. Szurszewski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comprehensive Physiology - Physiology of Prevertebral Ganglia in mammals with special reference to inferior mesenteric ganglion
Comprehensive Physiology, 2011Co-Authors: J. H. Szurszewski, B F KingAbstract:The sections in this article are: 1 Neuroanatomy of Prevertebral Ganglia 1.1 General Descriptions 1.2 Components of Prevertebral Ganglia 2 Innervation of Prevertebral Ganglia 2.1 Spinal Preganglionic Neurons to Prevertebral Ganglion Cells 2.2 Visceral Afferent Fibers to Prevertebral Ganglion Cells 3 Electrophysiology of Prevertebral Ganglion Cells 3.1 Resting Membrane Potential 3.2 Neuromodulation of Resting Membrane Potential 3.3 Other Modulations of Resting Membrane Potential 3.4 Firing Patterns of Sympathetic Neurons 3.5 Modification of Firing Patterns 3.6 Afterspike Hyperpolarizations of Sympathetic Neurons 4 Synaptic Transmission in Prevertebral Ganglia 4.1 Fast Synaptic Transmission 4.2 Slow Synaptic Transmission 5 Neurotransmitters in Prevertebral Ganglia 5.1 Substance P 5.2 Enkephalins and Endorphin 5.3 Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide 5.4 Cholecystokinin 5.5 Dynorphin 5.6 Bombesin 5.7 Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide 5.8 Neurotensin 5.9 Serotonin 5.10 Vasopressin 5.11 Somatostatin and Neuropeptide Y 6 Summary
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Prevertebral Ganglia and intestinofugal afferent neurones.
Gut, 2002Co-Authors: J. H. Szurszewski, L G Ermilov, S M MillerAbstract:Intestinofugal afferent neurones (IFANs) are a unique subset of myenteric ganglion neurones that regulate normal gastrointestinal function. The IFANs relaying mechanosensory information to sympathetic neurones of the Prevertebral ganglion (PVG) function as volume detectors. It is possible that mechanosensory information arriving in the PVG via axon collaterals of visceral spinal afferent nerves can be modulated entirely within the PVG itself.