The Experts below are selected from a list of 312 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Xiuzhi Susan Sun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
assessment and application of phosphorus calcium cottonseed Protein Adhesive for plywood production
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019Co-Authors: Sarocha Pradyawong, Xiuzhi Susan Sun, Donghai Wang, H N Cheng, Junyan ZhongAbstract:Abstract Cottonseed Protein is a potential alternative to formaldehyde-based Adhesives as a renewable resource without negative environmental impact in use. Like other Protein-based Adhesives, unmodified cottonseed Protein isolate needs improved water resistance. Thus, in this work, the effects of phosphoric acid (H3PO4), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4), calcium oxide (CaO), and calcium hydrogen phosphate (CaHPO4) at four concentrations (i.e., 20, 40, 60, and 80 mM) on the Adhesive strengths of cottonseed Protein isolate were evaluated. Compared with control (Protein without modifiers), H3PO4 (20 and 40 mM) increased dry, wet, and soaked strength by 20–30, 72–88, and 24–30%, K2HPO4 (40 and 60 mM) by 8–22, 2–10, and 1–8%, CaO (20 and 40 mM) by 8–16, 11, and 6%, and CaHPO4 (40, 60, and 80 mM) by 12–26, 6–13, and 7–14%, respectively. Cottonseed Protein with 40 mM H3PO4 had the best Adhesive performance, especially water resistance (88% higher in the wet strength than control), due to the increased crosslinking at its isoelectric point caused by acidity of H3PO4 (pH, 4.13). Solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis showed that the amino groups interacted with these P compounds in the blending Adhesives. Finally, an optimized Protein Adhesive preparation was applied to bond 3-ply pine plywood. The water resistance of these 3-ply strips passed the industrial soak test as Type II plywood used for hardwood and decorative plywood, indicating that the Adhesive under optimal conditions can be used as a green and environment-friendly Adhesive resource in wood industry.
-
Assessment and application of phosphorus/calcium-cottonseed Protein Adhesive for plywood production
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019Co-Authors: Sarocha Pradyawong, Xiuzhi Susan Sun, Donghai Wang, Huai N. Cheng, Junyan ZhongAbstract:Abstract Cottonseed Protein is a potential alternative to formaldehyde-based Adhesives as a renewable resource without negative environmental impact in use. Like other Protein-based Adhesives, unmodified cottonseed Protein isolate needs improved water resistance. Thus, in this work, the effects of phosphoric acid (H3PO4), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4), calcium oxide (CaO), and calcium hydrogen phosphate (CaHPO4) at four concentrations (i.e., 20, 40, 60, and 80 mM) on the Adhesive strengths of cottonseed Protein isolate were evaluated. Compared with control (Protein without modifiers), H3PO4 (20 and 40 mM) increased dry, wet, and soaked strength by 20–30, 72–88, and 24–30%, K2HPO4 (40 and 60 mM) by 8–22, 2–10, and 1–8%, CaO (20 and 40 mM) by 8–16, 11, and 6%, and CaHPO4 (40, 60, and 80 mM) by 12–26, 6–13, and 7–14%, respectively. Cottonseed Protein with 40 mM H3PO4 had the best Adhesive performance, especially water resistance (88% higher in the wet strength than control), due to the increased crosslinking at its isoelectric point caused by acidity of H3PO4 (pH, 4.13). Solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis showed that the amino groups interacted with these P compounds in the blending Adhesives. Finally, an optimized Protein Adhesive preparation was applied to bond 3-ply pine plywood. The water resistance of these 3-ply strips passed the industrial soak test as Type II plywood used for hardwood and decorative plywood, indicating that the Adhesive under optimal conditions can be used as a green and environment-friendly Adhesive resource in wood industry.
-
Adhesion properties of soy Protein Adhesives enhanced by biomass lignin
International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2017Co-Authors: Sarocha Pradyawong, Xiuzhi Susan Sun, Donghai WangAbstract:Abstract Soy Protein Adhesives have great potential as sustainable eco-friendly Adhesives. However, low adhesion under wet conditions hinders its applications. The objective of this research was to enhance the water resistance of soy Protein Adhesives. The focus of this research was to understand the effect of Protein to lignin ratio and lignin particle size i.e. large (35.66 μm), medium (19.13 μm), and small (10.26 μm) on the adhesion performance of soy Protein Adhesives as well as to characterize its rheological and thermal properties. Results showed that the lignin particle size and the Protein to lignin ratio greatly affected the adhesion performance of soy Protein Adhesives. The addition of lignin slightly increased the viscosity, spreadability, and thermostability of soy Protein Adhesives. The wet strength of soy Protein Adhesives increased as lignin particle size decreased. Soy Protein mixed with small size lignin at a Protein to lignin ratio of 10:2 (w/w) at 12% concentration presented the lowest contact angle and the highest wet adhesion strength of 4.66 MPa., which is 53.3% higher than that of 10% pure soy Protein Adhesive. The improvements in adhesion performance and physicochemical properties of soy Protein Adhesives by lignin were ascribed to the interactions between Protein and lignin. Lignin with smaller particle size increased the wet shear strength of soy Protein Adhesives because a larger surface area of lignin was available to interact with the Protein.
-
Development of High-Strength Soy Protein Adhesives Modified with Sodium Montmorillonite Clay
JAOCS Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2016Co-Authors: Guangyan Qi, Ningbo Li, Donghai Wang, Xiuzhi Susan SunAbstract:© 2016, AOCS.This study investigated the high strength of a soy Protein Adhesive system with good flowability at high Protein concentration. Sodium montmorillonite (Na MMT), the most widely used silicate clay, was incorporated into viscous, cohesive soy Protein Adhesives at concentrations ranging from 1 to 11 % (dry basis, w/w). Hydroxyethyl cellulose was used as a suspension agent to stabilize the soy Protein and nano clay to be the dispersion system. The interaction between soy Protein and Na MMT was characterized by XRD, FTIR, Zeta potential and DSC. Results indicated that soy Protein molecules were adsorbed on the surface of the interlayer of Na MMT through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction. The soy Protein/Na MMT Adhesives had the intercalation structure with Na MMT contents ranging from 1 to 11 %. Adhesion strength, specifically wet adhesion strength, of soy Protein Adhesives at isoelectric point (pI) was significantly improved by the addition of Na MMT. It is believed that the physical cross-linking reactions between soy Protein and Na MMT mainly contribute to the improved adhesion performance of soy Protein Adhesives. Wet adhesion strength increased from 2.9 MPa of control soy Protein Adhesive to 4.3 MPa at 8 % Na MMT. An increase of pH beyond pI value resulted in decreased adhesion strength due to increased surface charges of soy Protein and slightly reduced affinity of soy Protein on the nano clay surface.
-
Production and characterization of high strength, thin-layered, pulp fiberboard using soy Protein Adhesives
Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Xin Li, Donghai Wang, Jo Ann Ratto, Xiuzhi Susan SunAbstract:Making thin-layered fiberboard and recycling the fiberboard materials are two major approaches to save quantities of wood fiber in fiberboard manufacture, which offer both environmental and economic benefits to the society and industry. The objective of this research was to develop high-strength, thin-layered pulp fiberboards (TLPBs) using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-modified soy Protein Adhesives for packaging applications. SDS-modified soy Protein Adhesives demonstrated significantly higher bonding strength than did unmodified soy Protein Adhesive. Results showed that the TLPB with SDS-modified soy flour Adhesive (0.05 g/cm2 area density and 0.6 mm of thickness) had stronger tensile strength, similar burst index, and similar or better water soaking properties in comparison to commercial solid fiberboard (1.24 g/cm2 area density and 1.7 mm thickness). © 2013 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
Donghai Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
assessment and application of phosphorus calcium cottonseed Protein Adhesive for plywood production
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019Co-Authors: Sarocha Pradyawong, Xiuzhi Susan Sun, Donghai Wang, H N Cheng, Junyan ZhongAbstract:Abstract Cottonseed Protein is a potential alternative to formaldehyde-based Adhesives as a renewable resource without negative environmental impact in use. Like other Protein-based Adhesives, unmodified cottonseed Protein isolate needs improved water resistance. Thus, in this work, the effects of phosphoric acid (H3PO4), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4), calcium oxide (CaO), and calcium hydrogen phosphate (CaHPO4) at four concentrations (i.e., 20, 40, 60, and 80 mM) on the Adhesive strengths of cottonseed Protein isolate were evaluated. Compared with control (Protein without modifiers), H3PO4 (20 and 40 mM) increased dry, wet, and soaked strength by 20–30, 72–88, and 24–30%, K2HPO4 (40 and 60 mM) by 8–22, 2–10, and 1–8%, CaO (20 and 40 mM) by 8–16, 11, and 6%, and CaHPO4 (40, 60, and 80 mM) by 12–26, 6–13, and 7–14%, respectively. Cottonseed Protein with 40 mM H3PO4 had the best Adhesive performance, especially water resistance (88% higher in the wet strength than control), due to the increased crosslinking at its isoelectric point caused by acidity of H3PO4 (pH, 4.13). Solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis showed that the amino groups interacted with these P compounds in the blending Adhesives. Finally, an optimized Protein Adhesive preparation was applied to bond 3-ply pine plywood. The water resistance of these 3-ply strips passed the industrial soak test as Type II plywood used for hardwood and decorative plywood, indicating that the Adhesive under optimal conditions can be used as a green and environment-friendly Adhesive resource in wood industry.
-
Assessment and application of phosphorus/calcium-cottonseed Protein Adhesive for plywood production
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019Co-Authors: Sarocha Pradyawong, Xiuzhi Susan Sun, Donghai Wang, Huai N. Cheng, Junyan ZhongAbstract:Abstract Cottonseed Protein is a potential alternative to formaldehyde-based Adhesives as a renewable resource without negative environmental impact in use. Like other Protein-based Adhesives, unmodified cottonseed Protein isolate needs improved water resistance. Thus, in this work, the effects of phosphoric acid (H3PO4), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4), calcium oxide (CaO), and calcium hydrogen phosphate (CaHPO4) at four concentrations (i.e., 20, 40, 60, and 80 mM) on the Adhesive strengths of cottonseed Protein isolate were evaluated. Compared with control (Protein without modifiers), H3PO4 (20 and 40 mM) increased dry, wet, and soaked strength by 20–30, 72–88, and 24–30%, K2HPO4 (40 and 60 mM) by 8–22, 2–10, and 1–8%, CaO (20 and 40 mM) by 8–16, 11, and 6%, and CaHPO4 (40, 60, and 80 mM) by 12–26, 6–13, and 7–14%, respectively. Cottonseed Protein with 40 mM H3PO4 had the best Adhesive performance, especially water resistance (88% higher in the wet strength than control), due to the increased crosslinking at its isoelectric point caused by acidity of H3PO4 (pH, 4.13). Solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis showed that the amino groups interacted with these P compounds in the blending Adhesives. Finally, an optimized Protein Adhesive preparation was applied to bond 3-ply pine plywood. The water resistance of these 3-ply strips passed the industrial soak test as Type II plywood used for hardwood and decorative plywood, indicating that the Adhesive under optimal conditions can be used as a green and environment-friendly Adhesive resource in wood industry.
-
Adhesion properties of soy Protein Adhesives enhanced by biomass lignin
International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2017Co-Authors: Sarocha Pradyawong, Xiuzhi Susan Sun, Donghai WangAbstract:Abstract Soy Protein Adhesives have great potential as sustainable eco-friendly Adhesives. However, low adhesion under wet conditions hinders its applications. The objective of this research was to enhance the water resistance of soy Protein Adhesives. The focus of this research was to understand the effect of Protein to lignin ratio and lignin particle size i.e. large (35.66 μm), medium (19.13 μm), and small (10.26 μm) on the adhesion performance of soy Protein Adhesives as well as to characterize its rheological and thermal properties. Results showed that the lignin particle size and the Protein to lignin ratio greatly affected the adhesion performance of soy Protein Adhesives. The addition of lignin slightly increased the viscosity, spreadability, and thermostability of soy Protein Adhesives. The wet strength of soy Protein Adhesives increased as lignin particle size decreased. Soy Protein mixed with small size lignin at a Protein to lignin ratio of 10:2 (w/w) at 12% concentration presented the lowest contact angle and the highest wet adhesion strength of 4.66 MPa., which is 53.3% higher than that of 10% pure soy Protein Adhesive. The improvements in adhesion performance and physicochemical properties of soy Protein Adhesives by lignin were ascribed to the interactions between Protein and lignin. Lignin with smaller particle size increased the wet shear strength of soy Protein Adhesives because a larger surface area of lignin was available to interact with the Protein.
-
Development of High-Strength Soy Protein Adhesives Modified with Sodium Montmorillonite Clay
JAOCS Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2016Co-Authors: Guangyan Qi, Ningbo Li, Donghai Wang, Xiuzhi Susan SunAbstract:© 2016, AOCS.This study investigated the high strength of a soy Protein Adhesive system with good flowability at high Protein concentration. Sodium montmorillonite (Na MMT), the most widely used silicate clay, was incorporated into viscous, cohesive soy Protein Adhesives at concentrations ranging from 1 to 11 % (dry basis, w/w). Hydroxyethyl cellulose was used as a suspension agent to stabilize the soy Protein and nano clay to be the dispersion system. The interaction between soy Protein and Na MMT was characterized by XRD, FTIR, Zeta potential and DSC. Results indicated that soy Protein molecules were adsorbed on the surface of the interlayer of Na MMT through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction. The soy Protein/Na MMT Adhesives had the intercalation structure with Na MMT contents ranging from 1 to 11 %. Adhesion strength, specifically wet adhesion strength, of soy Protein Adhesives at isoelectric point (pI) was significantly improved by the addition of Na MMT. It is believed that the physical cross-linking reactions between soy Protein and Na MMT mainly contribute to the improved adhesion performance of soy Protein Adhesives. Wet adhesion strength increased from 2.9 MPa of control soy Protein Adhesive to 4.3 MPa at 8 % Na MMT. An increase of pH beyond pI value resulted in decreased adhesion strength due to increased surface charges of soy Protein and slightly reduced affinity of soy Protein on the nano clay surface.
-
Production and characterization of high strength, thin-layered, pulp fiberboard using soy Protein Adhesives
Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Xin Li, Donghai Wang, Jo Ann Ratto, Xiuzhi Susan SunAbstract:Making thin-layered fiberboard and recycling the fiberboard materials are two major approaches to save quantities of wood fiber in fiberboard manufacture, which offer both environmental and economic benefits to the society and industry. The objective of this research was to develop high-strength, thin-layered pulp fiberboards (TLPBs) using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-modified soy Protein Adhesives for packaging applications. SDS-modified soy Protein Adhesives demonstrated significantly higher bonding strength than did unmodified soy Protein Adhesive. Results showed that the TLPB with SDS-modified soy flour Adhesive (0.05 g/cm2 area density and 0.6 mm of thickness) had stronger tensile strength, similar burst index, and similar or better water soaking properties in comparison to commercial solid fiberboard (1.24 g/cm2 area density and 1.7 mm thickness). © 2013 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
Qiang Gao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Constructing a triple network structure to prepare strong, tough, and mildew resistant soy Protein Adhesive
Composites Part B: Engineering, 2021Co-Authors: Yufei Han, Mingsong Chen, Jing Luo, Sheldon Q. Shi, Qiang GaoAbstract:Abstract Traditional formaldehyde-based Adhesives release toxic substances such as formaldehyde and phenol, which pollutes the environment, endangers human health, and relies on petrochemical resources excessively. Developing a strong soy Protein Adhesive with reasonable viscosity, toughness, and mildew resistance to replace formaldehyde-based Adhesive is important and also a challenge for the industry of wood Adhesive. In this study, a triple network structure including covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds was built in soy Protein Adhesive. The results showed that compared with SPI Adhesive, the viscosity of resultant Adhesive decreased by 94.3% to 9952 mPa s, the dry and wet shear strength of resultant plywood increased by 33.9% (2.57 MPa) and 116% (1.36 MPa), respectively. The fracture strain of plywood increased by 36.4%, and the mildew resistance of Adhesive increased from 1 day to more than 15 days. This improvement resulted from the Adhesive's water resistance improvement by constructing the covalent network and the toughness increasing by the synergistic effect of hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds. This work provides a new method for the preparation of eco-friendly and high-performance Adhesives and promotes the development of the green Adhesive.
-
Borate chemistry inspired by cell walls converts soy Protein into high-strength, antibacterial, flame-retardant Adhesive
Green Chemistry, 2020Co-Authors: Xiaorong Liu, Qiang Gao, Shanshan Gong, Sheldon Q. ShiAbstract:Urea formaldehyde, phenolic, and melamine formaldehyde resins are currently the most common wood Adhesives. However, these modern wood Adhesives have toxicity problems and most of the raw materials come from non-renewable resources. Ideally, future alternative Adhesives will be prepared from non-toxic, inexpensive, and renewable natural materials. We found that borate chemistry can crosslink soy Protein (SP) and soy polysaccharides (SPSs) to produce a strong Adhesive, which is the core of the stable structure in higher plants. Hyperbranched polyester (HBPE) was added to the Adhesive as a toughening agent. The resulting crosslinked Protein Adhesive bound wood with high strength and in some cases its force exceeded the force that the wood itself could withstand. In addition, the borate crosslinked Protein Adhesive displayed antimicrobial and flame-retardant properties. Simple borate chemistry can provide a way to produce low-cost, renewable, and high-performance materials.
-
Preparation of a moderate viscosity, high performance and adequately-stabilized soy Protein-based Adhesive via recombination of Protein molecules
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020Co-Authors: Yufei Han, Sheldon Q. Shi, Qiang GaoAbstract:Abstract Developing a clean and environmentally-friendly soy Protein Adhesive to replace formaldehyde-based Adhesive is of great significance for sustainable development of resources and human health. Due to the high molecular weight of Protein, the resultant soy Protein Adhesive has a high viscosity and unstable bonding performance, which limit their application on plywood fabrication. Inspiring by theory of molecular recombination enhancing material properties, in this study, bromelain was used to degraded soy Protein molecules into small polypeptide chains; a bio-derived cross-linker, triglycidylamine (TGA), was employed to recombine these polypeptide chains to develop a new cleaner soy Protein-based Adhesive with an excellent and stable bonding performance. The results showed that the molecular weight of soy Protein decreased from 10 to 170 KDa to below 25 KDa by adding 0.4% bromelain. Using 3% TGA and 0.1% bromelain, the resultant Adhesive viscosity decreased 95% and the wet shear strength increased 76.2% to 1.11 MPa compared with that of the unmodified Adhesive. At the same time, the Adhesive distribution, bonding stability have been improved significantly. More important, this molecular recombination soy Protein Adhesive reduced the amount of crosslinker more than 50% compared to other cross-linked modified soy Protein Adhesives.
-
Soy Protein Adhesive with bio-based epoxidized daidzein for high strength and mildew resistance
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2020Co-Authors: Xu Chaojie, Mingsong Chen, Qiang Gao, Yi Zhang, Sheldon Q. ShiAbstract:Abstract Soy Protein based Adhesives showed great potential for replacing petroleum derived formaldehyde Adhesives in the commercial wood industry. However, soy Protein Adhesives have several problematic limitations, particularly with respect to low water and mildew resistence. As such, in order for soy Protein-based Adhesives to be practically applicable on an industrial level, a multi-function bio-based crosslinker that resolves both low water and mildew resistance must be designed. In this study, we synthesized a multifunctional crosslink agent (DDE) by reacting soybean-derived daidzein with epichlorohydrin (ECH) and incorporating it into soy Protein to parpare a 100% bio wood Adhesive with significantly improved water and mildew resistances. The results showed that by using 6 wt% DDE in the Adhesive formulation, the dry and wet shear strength of plywood bonded with the SPI/DDE Adhesive increased by 52.3% and 164.4%, respectively, compared with that of SPI Adhesive; and was shown to be 22.3% and 69.6% higher than that of the industrially used SPI/PAE Adhesive. These improvements were attributed to formation of double cross-linked network and elevated Adhesive toughness. Furthermore, the resultant Adhesive’s mildew resistance property were also improved with the addition of DDE, which extended the shelf life of Adhesive and durability of the resultant plywood. Thus, this resultant DDE can be used to improve the mechanical properties and mildew resistance for bio-hydrogels or bio-based composites and polymers.
-
A novel water-based process produces eco-friendly bio-Adhesive made from green cross-linked soybean soluble polysaccharide and soy Protein
Carbohydrate polymers, 2017Co-Authors: Cheng Yuan, Mingsong Chen, Jing Luo, Qiang GaoAbstract:In this study, an eco-friendly soy Protein Adhesive was developed that utilized two components from soybean meal without addition of any toxic material. A plant-based, water-soluble and inexpensive soybean soluble polysaccharide was used as the novel renewable material to combine with soy Protein to produce a soy Protein Adhesive. Three-plywood was fabricated with the resulting Adhesive, and its wet shear strength was measured. The results showed the wet shear strength of plywood bonded by the Adhesive reached 0.99MPa, meeting the water resistance requirement for interior use panels. This improvement was attributed to the following reasons: (1) Combination of cross-linked soybean soluble polysaccharide and soy Protein formed an interpenetrating network structure, improving the thermal stability and water resistance of the cured Adhesive. (2) Adding CL-SSPS decreased the Adhesive viscosity to 15.14Pas, which increased the amount of the Adhesive that penetrate the wood's surface and formed more interlocks.
Sheldon Q. Shi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Constructing a triple network structure to prepare strong, tough, and mildew resistant soy Protein Adhesive
Composites Part B: Engineering, 2021Co-Authors: Yufei Han, Mingsong Chen, Jing Luo, Sheldon Q. Shi, Qiang GaoAbstract:Abstract Traditional formaldehyde-based Adhesives release toxic substances such as formaldehyde and phenol, which pollutes the environment, endangers human health, and relies on petrochemical resources excessively. Developing a strong soy Protein Adhesive with reasonable viscosity, toughness, and mildew resistance to replace formaldehyde-based Adhesive is important and also a challenge for the industry of wood Adhesive. In this study, a triple network structure including covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds was built in soy Protein Adhesive. The results showed that compared with SPI Adhesive, the viscosity of resultant Adhesive decreased by 94.3% to 9952 mPa s, the dry and wet shear strength of resultant plywood increased by 33.9% (2.57 MPa) and 116% (1.36 MPa), respectively. The fracture strain of plywood increased by 36.4%, and the mildew resistance of Adhesive increased from 1 day to more than 15 days. This improvement resulted from the Adhesive's water resistance improvement by constructing the covalent network and the toughness increasing by the synergistic effect of hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds. This work provides a new method for the preparation of eco-friendly and high-performance Adhesives and promotes the development of the green Adhesive.
-
Borate chemistry inspired by cell walls converts soy Protein into high-strength, antibacterial, flame-retardant Adhesive
Green Chemistry, 2020Co-Authors: Xiaorong Liu, Qiang Gao, Shanshan Gong, Sheldon Q. ShiAbstract:Urea formaldehyde, phenolic, and melamine formaldehyde resins are currently the most common wood Adhesives. However, these modern wood Adhesives have toxicity problems and most of the raw materials come from non-renewable resources. Ideally, future alternative Adhesives will be prepared from non-toxic, inexpensive, and renewable natural materials. We found that borate chemistry can crosslink soy Protein (SP) and soy polysaccharides (SPSs) to produce a strong Adhesive, which is the core of the stable structure in higher plants. Hyperbranched polyester (HBPE) was added to the Adhesive as a toughening agent. The resulting crosslinked Protein Adhesive bound wood with high strength and in some cases its force exceeded the force that the wood itself could withstand. In addition, the borate crosslinked Protein Adhesive displayed antimicrobial and flame-retardant properties. Simple borate chemistry can provide a way to produce low-cost, renewable, and high-performance materials.
-
Preparation of a moderate viscosity, high performance and adequately-stabilized soy Protein-based Adhesive via recombination of Protein molecules
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020Co-Authors: Yufei Han, Sheldon Q. Shi, Qiang GaoAbstract:Abstract Developing a clean and environmentally-friendly soy Protein Adhesive to replace formaldehyde-based Adhesive is of great significance for sustainable development of resources and human health. Due to the high molecular weight of Protein, the resultant soy Protein Adhesive has a high viscosity and unstable bonding performance, which limit their application on plywood fabrication. Inspiring by theory of molecular recombination enhancing material properties, in this study, bromelain was used to degraded soy Protein molecules into small polypeptide chains; a bio-derived cross-linker, triglycidylamine (TGA), was employed to recombine these polypeptide chains to develop a new cleaner soy Protein-based Adhesive with an excellent and stable bonding performance. The results showed that the molecular weight of soy Protein decreased from 10 to 170 KDa to below 25 KDa by adding 0.4% bromelain. Using 3% TGA and 0.1% bromelain, the resultant Adhesive viscosity decreased 95% and the wet shear strength increased 76.2% to 1.11 MPa compared with that of the unmodified Adhesive. At the same time, the Adhesive distribution, bonding stability have been improved significantly. More important, this molecular recombination soy Protein Adhesive reduced the amount of crosslinker more than 50% compared to other cross-linked modified soy Protein Adhesives.
-
Soy Protein Adhesive with bio-based epoxidized daidzein for high strength and mildew resistance
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2020Co-Authors: Xu Chaojie, Mingsong Chen, Qiang Gao, Yi Zhang, Sheldon Q. ShiAbstract:Abstract Soy Protein based Adhesives showed great potential for replacing petroleum derived formaldehyde Adhesives in the commercial wood industry. However, soy Protein Adhesives have several problematic limitations, particularly with respect to low water and mildew resistence. As such, in order for soy Protein-based Adhesives to be practically applicable on an industrial level, a multi-function bio-based crosslinker that resolves both low water and mildew resistance must be designed. In this study, we synthesized a multifunctional crosslink agent (DDE) by reacting soybean-derived daidzein with epichlorohydrin (ECH) and incorporating it into soy Protein to parpare a 100% bio wood Adhesive with significantly improved water and mildew resistances. The results showed that by using 6 wt% DDE in the Adhesive formulation, the dry and wet shear strength of plywood bonded with the SPI/DDE Adhesive increased by 52.3% and 164.4%, respectively, compared with that of SPI Adhesive; and was shown to be 22.3% and 69.6% higher than that of the industrially used SPI/PAE Adhesive. These improvements were attributed to formation of double cross-linked network and elevated Adhesive toughness. Furthermore, the resultant Adhesive’s mildew resistance property were also improved with the addition of DDE, which extended the shelf life of Adhesive and durability of the resultant plywood. Thus, this resultant DDE can be used to improve the mechanical properties and mildew resistance for bio-hydrogels or bio-based composites and polymers.
Nandika Bandara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Randomly Oriented Strand Board Composites from Nanoengineered Protein Based Wood Adhesive
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Nandika BandaraAbstract:A nanoengineered canola Protein Adhesive (CPA) with improved adhesion and water resistance was previously developed by chemically modifying canola Protein with ammonium persulfate followed by exfol...
-
Randomly Oriented Strand Board Composites from Nanoengineered Protein Based Wood Adhesive
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Nandika BandaraAbstract:A nanoengineered canola Protein Adhesive (CPA) with improved adhesion and water resistance was previously developed by chemically modifying canola Protein with ammonium persulfate followed by exfoliating graphite oxide nanoparticles. The objectives of this research were to prepare randomly oriented strand board (ROSB) composites using nanoengineered canola Protein Adhesive at pilot scale and to characterize the Adhesive and mechanical properties of ROSB panels. Six groups of ROSB panels were produced by replacing commercial liquid phenol formaldehyde (LPF) with CPA at levels of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. The mechanical and water resistance properties were tested according to ASTM D1037-12 and CSA O437.0-93 standard specifications. The mechanical performances, bond durability, and water resistance were not affected by CPA addition up to a level of 40%, compared to commercial LPF Adhesives. Mechanical performance of all ROSB panels prepared in this study exceeded the acceptable minimum standards spec...
-
graphite oxide improves adhesion and water resistance of canola Protein graphite oxide hybrid Adhesive
Scientific Reports, 2017Co-Authors: Nandika Bandara, Yussef EsparzaAbstract:Protein derived Adhesives are extensively explored as a replacement for synthetic ones, but suffers from weak adhesion and water resistance. Graphite oxide (GO) has been extensively used in nanocomposites, but not in Adhesives applications. The objectives of this study were to prepare functionally improved Protein Adhesive by exfoliating GO with different oxidation levels, and to determine the effect of GO on adhesion mechanism. GO were prepared by oxidizing graphite for 0.5, 2, and 4 h (GO-A, GO-B and GO-C, respectively). Increasing oxidation time decreased C/O ratio; while the relative proportion of C-OH, and C = O groups initially increased up to 2 h of oxidation, but reduced upon further oxidation. Canola Protein-GO hybrid Adhesive (CPA-GO) was prepared by exfoliating GO at a level of 1% (w/w). GO significantly increased (p < 0.05) adhesion; where GO-B addition showed the highest dry, and wet strength of 11.67 ± 1.00, and 4.85 ± 0.61 MPa, respectively. The improvements in adhesion was due to the improved exfoliation of GO, improved Adhesive and cohesive interactions, increased hydrogen bonding, increased hydrophobic interactions and thermal stability of CPA-GO. GO, as we proposed for the first time is easier to process and cost-effective in preparing Protein-based Adhesives with significantly improved functionalities.
