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Sebastião De Sousa Almeida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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EFFECTS OF EARLY CONCURRENT Protein Malnutrition AND ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULATION ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND BEHAVIOR
Revista Brasileira de Análise do Comportamento, 2016Co-Authors: Juraci Gonçalves De Lima, Luiz Marcellino De Oliveira, Sebastião De Sousa AlmeidaAbstract:A complex program of environmental and sensory stimulation was developed to study its potential effects in reversing some of the alterations produced by early Protein Malnutrition in the brain and behavior of rats. Litters (dam plus 6 male pups) were fed diets containing 8% (malnourished) or 25% (well-nourished) casein. After weaning, the animals were maintained on the same diets as their respective dams until 50 days of age. Environmental stimulation consisted of 3-min daily handing from birth to 50 days of age by rearing the rats in an enriched living cage and exposing the animal to visual, auditory, and olfactory stimuli. At. 50 days of inhibitory avoidance tests. Animal of the same age were sacrificed, the brain removed and divided in telencephalon, brain steam and cerebellum. DNA and RNA were assessed in in telencephalon and cerebellum. Protein Malnutrition produced brain weight deficits that were partially reversed by environmental stimulation. The behavioral measure showed lower locomotor activity and higher latencies in inhibitory avoidance for malnourished animals as compared to well-nourished animals. Environmental stimulation reduced the aversiveness in the inhibitory avoidance test as showed by lower latencies in the stimulated group of animals. These results suggest that early Protein Malnutrition impairs brain and behavior of rats and a complex program of environmental stimulation is beneficial to reverse some of those impairments. Keywords: Protein Malnutrition, Environmental enrichment, Brain weight, Locomotor activity, Inhibitory avoidance.
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Effects of postnatal Protein Malnutrition on learning and memory procedures
Nutritional neuroscience, 2010Co-Authors: Camila Tavares Valadares, Marisa Tomoe Hebihara Fukuda, A. L. Françolin-silva, A.s. Hernandes, Sebastião De Sousa AlmeidaAbstract:Protein Malnutrition induces structural, neurochemical and functional changes in the central nervous system leading to alterations in cognitive and behavioral development of rats. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of postnatal Protein Malnutrition on learning and memory tasks. Previously malnourished (6% Protein) and well-nourished rats (16% Protein) were tested in three experiments: working memory tasks in the Morris water maze (Experiment I), recognition memory of objects (Experiment II), and working memory in the water T-maze (Experiment III). The results showed higher escape latencies in malnourished animals in Experiment I, lower recognition indexes of malnourished animals in Experiment II, and no differences due to diet in Experiment III. It is suggested that Protein Malnutrition imposed on early life of rats can produce impairments on both working memory in the Morris maze and recognition memory in the open field tests.
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Early postnatal Protein Malnutrition changes the development of social play in rats
Physiology & behavior, 2005Co-Authors: Lucilla Maria Moreira Camargo, Sebastião De Sousa AlmeidaAbstract:Early Protein Malnutrition produces structural and functional alterations in the brain and changes the organism–environment interactions. Rats from 26 to 76 days of age were used to study the effects of early postnatal Protein Malnutrition on the development of social play. During lactation phase the litters were fed diet containing 16% Protein (well-nourished) or 6% Protein (malnourished). From weaning to the end of behavioral tests well-nourished animals were fed a commercial lab chow diet (well-nourished—W) and the malnourished rats were divided into 2 groups: one was maintained on 6% Protein diet (malnourished—M) and the other was fed a commercial lab chow diet (previously malnourished—PM). Pairs of male rats of same diet conditions were tested, at different ages, for three consecutive days. During sessions the following behaviors were recorded: pinning, wrestling, walk-over and rear. The frequency of wrestling and walk-over was significantly higher in malnourished as compared to well-nourished animals (p
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Early Protein Malnutrition changes learning and memory in spaced but not in condensed trials in the Morris water-maze.
Nutritional neuroscience, 2005Co-Authors: Camila Tavares Valadares, Sebastião De Sousa AlmeidaAbstract:Abstract Early Protein Malnutrition induces structural, neurochemical and functional changes in the central nervous system leading to alterations in cognitive and behavioral development of rats. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Protein Malnutrition during lactation on acquisition and retention of spatial information using different training procedures (spaced?×?condensed trials). Rats treated with 16% (well-nourished) or 6% (malnourished) Protein diets during the lactation phase and nutritionally recovered until 70 days of age were tested in the Morris water-maze in procedures of 1 trial/day (spaced trials), 4, 8, 12 trials/day (intermediate density) and 24 trials/day (condensed trials), completing 24 trials at the end of training. Seven and 28 days after the training the animals were tested again in just one trial to assess long-term memory. The results showed that Protein Malnutrition caused deficits on the spatial learning and memory in spaced but not in intermediate and c...
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Effects of Early Concurrent Protein Malnutrition and Environmental Stimulation on the Central Nervous System and Behavior.
Nutritional neuroscience, 1998Co-Authors: Juraci Gonçalves De Lima, Luiz Marcellino De Oliveira, Sebastião De Sousa AlmeidaAbstract:A complex program of environmental and sensory stimulation was developed to study its potential effects in reversing some of the alterations produced by early Protein Malnutrition in the brain and behavior of rats. Litters (dam plus 6 male pups) were fed diets containing 8% (malnourished) or 25% (well-nourished) casein. After weaning, the animals were maintained on the same diets as their respective dams until 50 days of age. Environmental stimulation consisted of 3-min daily handling from birth to 50 days of age. Additional stimulation was provided from birth to 50 days of age by rearing the rats in an enriched living cage and exposing the animals to visual, auditory and olfactory stimuli. At 50 days of age the animals were submitted to locomotor and inhibitory avoidance tests. Animals of the same age were sacrificed, the brain removed and divided in telencephalon, brain steam and cerebellum. DNA and RNA were assessed in telencephalon and cerebellum. Protein Malnutrition produced brain weight deficits that were partially reversed by environmental stimulation. DNA and RNA levels were reduced by Protein Malnutrition and increased by environmental stimulation. The behavioral measures showed lower locomotor activity and higher latencies in inhibitory avoidance for malnourished animals as compared to well-nourished animals. Environmental stimulation reduced the aversiveness in the inhibitory avoidance test as showed by lower latencies in the stimulated group of animals. These results suggest that early Protein Malnutrition impairs brain and behavior of rats and that a complex program of environmental stimulation is beneficial to reverse some of those impairments.
Janina R. Galler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prenatal Protein Malnutrition alters the proportion but not numbers of parvalbumin-immunoreactive interneurons in the hippocampus of the adult Sprague-Dawley rat
Nutritional neuroscience, 2011Co-Authors: James P. Lister, Janina R. Galler, John Tonkiss, Gene J. Blatt, Thomas L. Kemper, William A. Debassio, Douglas L. RoseneAbstract:Prenatal Protein Malnutrition alters the structure and function of the adult rat hippocampal formation. The current study examines the effect of prenatal Protein Malnutrition on numbers of parvalbumin-immunoreactive (PV-IR) GABAergic interneurons, which are important for perisomatic inhibition of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Brain sections from prenatally Protein malnourished and normally nourished rats were stained for parvalbumin and PV-IR neurons were quantified using stereology in the dentate gyrus, CA3/2 and CA1 subfields, and the subiculum for both cerebral hemispheres. Results demonstrated that prenatal Malnutrition did not affect the number of PV-IR interneurons in the hippocampus. Since prenatal Protein Malnutrition reduces total neuron numbers in the CA1 subfield (1), this results in an altered ratio of PV-IR interneurons to total neuronal numbers (from 1:22.9 in controls to 1:20.5 in malnourished rats). Additionally, there was no hemispheric asymmetry of either PV-IR neuron numbers or ratio o...
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Effects of prenatal Protein Malnutrition on the hippocampal formation
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 2002Co-Authors: Peter J. Morgane, David J. Mokler, Janina R. GallerAbstract:In this review we have assessed the effects of prenatal Protein Malnutrition on the hippocampal formation of the developing brain. In investigating this insult in the hippocampal neuronal model we have concentrated on aspects of enhanced inhibition we have shown in our earlier studies. Since this involves particular attention to the GABAergic interneurons we have examined the complex interneuronal networks of the hippocampal formation and their neurotransmitter afferent inputs, particularly the serotonergic system from the midbrain raphe nuclei. A variety of combinations of specialized interneurons are discussed in terms of how Malnutrition insults perturb function in these inhibitory and disinhibitory networks. Pathological enhancement of inhibition manifests itself by diminished plasticity, alterations in theta activity and deficits in long-term learning behaviors. Long-term inhibition in select GABA interneuron systems may form a major derangement seen following prenatal Protein Malnutrition. The focus of this study is to relate enhanced inhibition to the several forms of inhibitory systems present in the hippocampal formation and develop hypotheses as to the primary derangements that may account for pathological inhibition in prenatal Malnutrition.
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Electrophysiological properties of rat hippocampal principal cells are unaltered by prenatal Protein Malnutrition.
Hippocampus, 1998Co-Authors: Jarrett Rushmore, Jennifer I. Luebke, Janina R. GallerAbstract:There is growing evidence that prenatal Protein Malnutrition alters the development of the hippocampal formation in rats (Morgane et al., 1993; Galler et al., 1996; Almeida et al., 1996, for reviews). Little is known, however, of the possible functional consequences of prenatal Malnutrition on the physiology of principal cells in the hippocampus. We have addressed this issue by comparing the electrophysiological properties of hippocampal neurons (dentate granule cells and CA1 pyramidal cells) in slices prepared from control and from prenatally Protein malnourished adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. We found no significant effect of the prenatal Protein Malnutrition insult upon a number of intrinsic membrane properties measured with whole-cell current clamp recordings, including: resting membrane potential, input resistance, and membrane time constant, or on action potential characteristics such as threshold, amplitude, and/or firing frequency. Additionally, we saw no effect of prenatal Malnutrition upon extracellular measures of glutamatergic synaptic transmission such as the presynaptic fiber volley, excitatory postsynaptic potential or population spike amplitude at the perforant path to dentate granule cell synapse or at the Schaffer collateral to CA1 pyramidal cell synapse. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that prenatal Protein Malnutrition does not result in significant alterations of the cellular physiological properties of these two types of principal neurons in the adult rat hippocampus. Hippocampus 1998;8:380–389. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Prenatal Protein Malnutrition in Rats Enhances Serotonin Release from Hippocampus
The Journal of nutrition, 1992Co-Authors: Jin-chung Chen, Janina R. Galler, John Tonkiss, Ladislav VolicerAbstract:The effect of prenatal Protein Malnutrition on central serotonin metabolism was assessed in 220- to 240-d-old male rats. The malnourished rats (denoted 6,25 group) were males born to dams fed a 6% casein diet during pregnancy and fostered at birth to dams fed a control (25% casein) diet. They were compared with males born to dams fed 25% casein diet. Tissue concentrations of serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 5-hydroxytryptophan, L-tryptophan and catecholamines in the hippocampal formation in the 6,25 group were similar to those of well-fed controls (25,25 group). However, a twofold greater basal serotonin efflux from hippocampal slices of 6,25 rats compared with slices from 25,25 rats was observed during a 20-min incubation period. Hippocampal [3H]paroxetine binding indicated that there was no alteration of apparent maximal binding and affinity of the serotonin transporter in the 6,25 rats. In addition, there was no difference in serotonin receptor binding in hippocampal membranes from 6,25 and 25,25 rats. The results indicate that prenatal Protein Malnutrition causes selective changes in central serotonin metabolism.
Scott R Mcclelland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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use of serum retinol binding Protein for prediction of vitamin a deficiency effects of hiv 1 infection Protein Malnutrition and the acute phase response
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2004Co-Authors: Jared M Baeten, Barbra A Richardson, Daniel D Bankson, Mark H Wener, Joan K Kreiss, Ludo Lavreys, Kishorchandra Mandaliya, Job J Bwayo, Scott R McclellandAbstract:Serum retinol is the most commonly used indicator of vitamin A status. Retinol is transported in a 1-to-1 complex with retinol-binding Protein (RBP). RBP is easy and inexpensive to measure and studies have shown a high correlation between concentrations of RBP and concentrations of retinol. The performance of RBP in the context of infection or Protein Malnutrition however has not been evaluated. Our aim was to determine whether RBP is a good surrogate measure for retinol in the context of HIV-1 infection Protein Malnutrition and the acute phase response. The relation between RBP and retinol was examined in a cross-sectional study of 600 Kenyan women. There was a high correlation between concentrations of RBP and those of retinol (r = 0.88). When equimolar cutoffs were used RBP predicted marginal vitamin A status (retinol < 1.05 µmol/L) with 93% sensitivity and 75% specificity and vitamin A deficiency (retinol < 0.70 µmol/L) with 91% sensitivity and 94% specificity. Similarly high sensitivities and specificities were found among subgroups with HIV-1 infection a positive acute phase response and Protein Malnutrition. Protein Malnutrition and a positive acute phase response were common especially among HIV-1–infected women and were independently and synergistically associated with lower RBP concentrations. Equimolar RBP cutoffs predict vitamin A deficiency with high sensitivity and specificity even in the context of infection and Protein Malnutrition. Like retinol RBP may not accurately identify true vitamin A status under all conditions because the acute phase response and Protein Malnutrition depress RBP concentrations. However RBP may be a simple inexpensive tool for assessment of vitamin A deficiency in population studies. (authors)
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use of serum retinol binding Protein for prediction of vitamin a deficiency effects of hiv 1 infection Protein Malnutrition and the
2004Co-Authors: Jared M Baeten, Barbra A Richardson, Daniel D Bankson, Mark H Wener, Joan K Kreiss, Ludo Lavreys, Kishorchandra Mandaliya, Job J Bwayo, Scott R McclellandAbstract:Background: Serum retinol is the most commonly used indicator of vitamin A status. Retinol is transported in a 1-to-1 complex with retinol-binding Protein (RBP). RBP is easy and inexpensive to measure, and studies have shown a high correlation between concentrations of RBP and concentrations of retinol. The performance of RBP in the context of infection or Protein Malnutrition, however, has not been evaluated. Objective: Our aim was to determine whether RBP is a good surrogate measure for retinol in the context of HIV-1 infection, Protein Malnutrition, and the acute phase response. Design: The relation between RBP and retinol was examined in a cross-sectional study of 600 Kenyan women. Results: There was a high correlation between concentrations of RBP and those of retinol (r 0.88). When equimolar cutoffs were used, RBP predicted marginal vitamin A status (retinol 1.05 mol/L) with 93% sensitivity and 75% specificity and vitamin A deficiency (retinol 0.70 mol/L) with 91% sensitivity and 94% specificity. Similarly high sensitivities and specificities were found among subgroups with HIV-1 infection, a positive acute phase response, and Protein Malnutrition. Protein Malnutrition and a positive acute phase response were common, especially among HIV-1–infected women, and were independently and synergistically associated with lower RBP concentrations. Conclusions: Equimolar RBP cutoffs predict vitamin A deficiency with high sensitivity and specificity, even in the context of infection and Protein Malnutrition. Like retinol, RBP may not accurately identify true vitamin A status under all conditions, because the acute phase response and Protein Malnutrition depress RBP concentrations. However, RBP may be a simple, inexpensive tool for assessment of vitamin A deficiency in population studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79:218–25.
Carlton A Evans - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tuberculosis skin testing anergy and Protein Malnutrition in peru
International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2005Co-Authors: Tom F Pelly, C F Santillan, R H Gilman, Lilia Cabrera, Enrique Garcia, Carlos Vidal, Mirko Zimic, David Moore, Carlton A EvansAbstract:SETTING: Malnutrition and intestinal parasites cause immunosuppression. This may cause false-negative tuberculin skin tests (TST) and failure to identify tuberculosis (TB) infection. OBJECTIVE: To assess factors associated with TST positivity and anergy in disadvantaged communities in Peru. DESIGN: A study of 212 randomly selected adults: 102 in a rural Amazonian village and 110 shanty town residents in urban Lima. RESULTS: Respectively 52% and 53% of urban and rural jungle populations were TST-positive. Using simultaneous tetanus and candida skin tests, 99% had at least one positive skin test. Generalised anergy was therefore rare, despite frequent intestinal parasitic infection, including 34% helminth infection prevalence in the jungle. TST positivity was associated with age (P = 0.001), known TB contact (P = 0.02) and poor household ventilation (P = 0.007). TST positivity was not significantly associated with crowding, reported past TB, single/multiple BCG vaccination, income, intestinal parasites, dietary factors, body mass index or body fat. Individuals with lower anthropometric body Protein, as measured by corrected arm muscle area, were less likely to be TST-positive (P = 0.02), implying that Protein Malnutrition caused tuberculin-specific anergy. CONCLUSION: These results identify the importance of household ventilation for community TB transmission and add to the evidence that Protein Malnutrition suppresses TB immunity, causing false-negative TST results.
Primavera Borelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hematological alterations in Protein Malnutrition.
Nutrition reviews, 2017Co-Authors: Ed Wilson Santos, Dalila Cunha De Oliveira, Graziela Batista Da Silva, Maristela Tsujita, Jackeline Soares De Oliveira Beltran, Araceli Hastreiter, Ricardo Ambrósio Fock, Primavera BorelliAbstract:Protein Malnutrition is one of the most serious nutritional problems worldwide, affecting 794 million people and costing up to $3.5 trillion annually in the global economy. Protein Malnutrition primarily affects children, the elderly, and hospitalized patients. Different degrees of Protein deficiency lead to a broad spectrum of signs and symptoms of Protein Malnutrition, especially in organs in which the hematopoietic system is characterized by a high rate of Protein turnover and, consequently, a high rate of Protein renewal and cellular proliferation. Here, the current scientific information about Protein Malnutrition and its effects on the hematopoietic process is reviewed. The production of hematopoietic cells is described, with special attention given to the hematopoietic microenvironment and the development of stem cells. Advances in the study of hematopoiesis in Protein Malnutrition are also summarized. Studies of Protein Malnutrition in vitro, in animal models, and in humans demonstrate several alterations that impair hematopoiesis, such as structural changes in the extracellular matrix, the hematopoietic stem cell niche, the spleen, the thymus, and bone marrow stromal cells; changes in mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells; increased autophagy; G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest of progenitor hematopoietic cells; and functional alterations in leukocytes. Structural and cellular changes of the hematopoietic microenvironment in Protein Malnutrition contribute to bone marrow atrophy and nonestablishment of hematopoietic stem cells, resulting in impaired homeostasis and an impaired immune response.
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Protein Malnutrition: some aspects of the in vitro adhesion of peritoneal mouse macrophages.
Annals of nutrition & metabolism, 1998Co-Authors: Primavera Borelli, I. P. Souza, Radovan Borojevic, Maria Lúcia Zaidan Dagli, H.c. KangAbstract:Protein calorie Malnutrition and disease are frequently associated. Protein Malnutrition modifies both the specific and nonspecific resistance of the organism to infectious agents. The exact mechanisms underlying these findings are not clear. Cellular adhesion is a crucial step in the process of phagocytosis as well as cellular migration. The effect of a low-Protein diet on adhesion of macrophages was studied using an experimental murine model. We used malnourished mice that had lost 30% of their initial body weight. We then injected them with a suspension of sodium caseinate and harvested the peritoneal macrophages after 5 days. The cells were then allowed to adhere to cover slips in the presence or absence of 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) in the medium for time periods of 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. Macrophage adhesion to glass slips whose surface had been covered with type I collagen was performed only for 90 min. The expression of fibronectin was studied using an immunohistochemical technique only in the 90-min assay. The results indicate that (1) Protein Malnutrition impairs the activation potential of macrophages, decreasing their adhesion and expression of fibronectin; (2) when FCS is present in the medium, there is a decrease in the number of adhered cells.
