The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
K R Tobutt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
a cherry map from the inter specific cross Prunus avium napoleon p nipponica based on microsatellite gene specific and isoenzyme markers
Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2009Co-Authors: J B Clarke, Radovan I Boskovic, Daniel J Sargent, A Belaj, K R TobuttAbstract:One hundred and sixty microsatellite (simple sequence repeat (SSR)) and six gene-specific markers revealing 174 loci were scored in 94 seedlings from the inter-specific cross of Prunus avium ‘Napoleon’ × Prunus nipponica accession F1292. The co-segregation data from these markers were used to construct a linkage map for cherry which spanned 680 cM over eight linkage groups with an average marker spacing of 3.9 cM per marker and just six gaps longer than 15 cM. Markers previously mapped in Prunus dulcis ‘Texas’ × Prunus persica ‘Earlygold’ allowed the cherry map to be anchored to the peach × almond map and showed the high level of synteny between the species. Eighty-four loci segregated in P. avium ‘Napoleon’ versus 159 in P. nipponica. The segregations of 32 isoenzyme loci in a subset of 47 seedlings from the progeny were scored, using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and/or isoelectric focusing separation followed by activity staining, and the co-segregation data were analysed along with those for 39 isoenzymes reported previously and for the 174 sequence-tagged site loci plus an additional two SSR loci. The second map incorporates 233 loci and spans 736 cM over eight linkage groups with an average marker spacing of 3.2 cM per marker and just two gaps greater than 15 cM. The microsatellite map will provide a useful tool for cherry breeding and marker-assisted selection and for synteny studies within Prunus; the gene-specific markers and isoenzymes will be useful for comparisons with maps of other rosaceous fruit crops.
-
characterisation of novel s alleles from cherry Prunus avium l
Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2008Co-Authors: S P Vaughan, Radovan I Boskovic, A Gisbertcliment, K Russell, K R TobuttAbstract:In plant populations exhibiting gametophytic self-incompatibility, individuals harbouring rare S alleles are likely to have a reproductive advantage over individuals having more common alleles. Consequently, determination of the self-incompatibility haplotype of individuals is essential for genetic studies and the development of informed management strategies. This study characterises six new S alleles identified in wild cherry (Prunus avium L.). Investigations to determine the S genotype of individuals in recently planted woodland through length polymorphisms of introns associated with the stylar S-RNase gene and the pollen SFB gene revealed six S intron profiles which did not correspond to those of known S alleles. These are now attributed to S27 to S32. Consensus primers, annealing in the S-RNase sequence coding for the signal peptide and C5 regions, were used to isolate the S-RNase alleles associated with the novel S intron profiles. The proteins corresponding to the new alleles were separated by isoelectric focusing from stylar extracts and their pI values determined. Similarities between the deduced amino acid sequence for the new alleles isolated and other cherry S-RNase sequences available on the databases ranged from 40% to 86%. Amplification products for SFB introns ranged from 172 to 208bp. New sequence regions exposed to positive selection were identified and the significance of the PS3 region reinforced. A phylogenetic relationship between P. avium S-RNases for S10 and S13 and between corresponding SFB alleles may indicate co-evolution of allele specificities of these two genes.
-
isolation of s locus f box alleles in Prunus avium and their application in a novel method to determine self incompatibility genotype
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2006Co-Authors: S P Vaughan, K Russell, Daniel J Sargent, K R TobuttAbstract:This study characterises a series of 12 S-locus haplotype-specific F-box protein genes (SFB) in cherry (Prunus avium) that are likely candidates for the pollen component of gametophytic self-incompatibility in this species. Primers were designed to amplify 12 SFB alleles, including the introns present in the 5′ untranslated region; sequences representing the S-alleles S1, S2, S3, S4, S4′, S5, S6, S7, S10, S12, S13 and S16 were cloned and characterized. [The nucleotide sequences reported in this paper have been submitted to the EMBL/GenBank database under the following accession numbers: PaSFB1 (AY805048), PaSFB2 (AY805049), PaSFB3 (AY805057), PaSFB4 (AY649872), PaSFB4′ (AY649873), PaSFB5 (AY805050), PaSFB6 (AY805051), PaSFB7 (AY805052), PaSFB10 (AY805053), PaSFB12 (AY805054), PaSFB13 (AY805055), PaSFB16 (AY805056).] Though the coding regions of six of these alleles have been reported previously, the intron sequence has previously been reported only for S6. Analysis of the introns revealed sequence and length polymorphisms. A novel, PCR-based method to genotype cultivars and wild accessions was developed which combines fluorescently labelled primers amplifying the intron of SFB with similar primers for the first intron of S-RNase alleles. Intron length polymorphisms were then ascertained using a semi-automated sequencer. The convenience and reliability of this method for the determination of the self-incompatibility (SI) genotype was demonstrated both in sweet cherry cultivars representing alleles S1 to S16 and in individuals from a wild population encompassing S-alleles S17 to S22. This method will greatly expedite SI characterisation in sweet cherry and also facilitate large-scale studies of self-incompatibility in wild cherry and other Prunus populations.
-
loss of pollen s function in two self compatible selections of Prunus avium is associated with deletion mutation of an s haplotype specific f box gene
The Plant Cell, 2005Co-Authors: K R Tobutt, T Sonneveld, Simon P Vaughan, T P RobbinsAbstract:Recently, an S haplotype–specific F-box (SFB) gene has been proposed as a candidate for the pollen-S specificity gene of RNase-mediated gametophytic self-incompatibility in Prunus (Rosaceae). We have examined two pollen-part mutant haplotypes of sweet cherry (Prunus avium). Both were found to retain the S-RNase, which determines stylar specificity, but one (S3′ in JI 2434) has a deletion including the haplotype-specific SFB gene, and the other (S4′ in JI 2420) has a frame-shift mutation of the haplotype-specific SFB gene, causing amino acid substitutions and premature termination of the protein. The loss or significant alteration of this highly polymorphic gene and the concomitant loss of pollen self-incompatibility function provides compelling evidence that the SFB gene encodes the pollen specificity component of self-incompatibility in Prunus. These loss-of-function mutations are inconsistent with SFB being the inactivator of non-self S-RNases and indicate the presence of a general inactivation mechanism, with SFB conferring specificity by protecting self S-RNases from inactivation.
Elisabeth Dirlewanger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
A fruit firmness QTL identified on linkage group 4 in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is associated with domesticated and bred germplasm.
Scientific Reports, 2019Co-Authors: Lichun Cai, Teresa Barreneche, Elisabeth Dirlewanger, José Quero-garcia, Christopher Saski, Amy IezzoniAbstract:Fruit firmness is an important market driven trait in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) where the desirable increase in fruit firmness is associated with landrace and bred cultivars. The aim of this work was to investigate the genetic basis of fruit firmness using plant materials that include wild cherry (syn. mazzard), landrace and bred sweet cherry germplasm. A major QTL for fruit firmness, named qP-FF4.1, that had not previously been reported, was identified in three sweet cherry populations. Thirteen haplotypes (alleles) associated with either soft or firm fruit were identified for qP-FF4.1 in the sweet cherry germplasm, and the "soft" alleles were dominant over the "firm" alleles. The finding that sweet cherry individuals that are homozygous for the "soft" alleles for qP-FF4.1 are exclusively mazzards and that the vast majority of the bred cultivars are homozygous for "firm" alleles suggests that this locus is a signature of selection. Candidate genes related to plant cell wall modification and various plant hormone signaling pathways were identified, with an expansin gene being the most promising candidate. These results advance our understanding of the genetic basis of fruit firmness and will help to enable the use of DNA informed breeding for this trait in sweet cherry breeding programs.
-
Genetic determinism of phenological traits highly affected by climate change in Prunus avium: flowering date dissected into chilling and heat requirements
The New phytologist, 2014Co-Authors: Sophie Castède, José Antonio Campoy, José Quero Garcia, Loïck Le Dantec, Maria Lafargue, Teresa Barreneche, Bénédicte Wenden, Elisabeth DirlewangerAbstract:Summary � The present study investigated the genetic determinism of flowering date (FD), dissected into chilling (CR) and heat (HR) requirements. Elucidation of the genetic determinism of flowering traits is crucial to anticipate the increasing of ecological misalignment of adaptative traits with novel climate conditions in most temperate-fruit species. � CR and HR were evaluated over 3 yr and FD over 5 yr in an intraspecific sweet cherry (Prunus avium )F 1 progeny, and FD over 6 yr in a different F1 progeny. � One quantitative trait locus (QTL) with major effect and high stability between years of evaluation was detected for CR and FD in the same region of linkage group (LG) 4. For HR, no stable QTL was detected. Candidate genes underlying the major QTL on LG4 were investigated and key genes were identified for CR and FD. � Phenotypic dissection of FD and year repetitions allowed us to identify CR as the high heritable component of FD and a high genotype 9environment interaction for HR. QTLs for CR reported in this study are the first described in this species. Our results provide a foundation for the identification of genes involved in CR and FD in sweet cherry which could be used to develop ideotypes adapted to future climatic conditions.
-
genetic relationships between diploid and allotetraploid cherry species Prunus avium Prunus gondouinii and Prunus cerasus
Heredity, 2004Co-Authors: M. Tavaud, Anne Zanetto, Jacques David, F. Laigret, Elisabeth DirlewangerAbstract:Prunus avium L. (diploid, AA, 2n=2x=16), Prunus cerasus L. (allotetraploid, AAFF, 2n=4x=32) species, and their hybrid Prunus × gondouinii Rehd., constitute the most widely cultivated cherry tree species. P. cerasus is supposed to be an hybrid species produced by the union of unreduced P. avium gametes and normal P. fruticosa gametes. A continuum of morphological traits between these three species makes their assignation difficult. The aim of this paper is to study the genetic relationships between tetraploid and diploid cherry species. In all, 114 genotypes belonging to these species were analyzed using 75 AFLP markers. The coordinates of these genotypes on the first axis of a correspondence analysis allowed us to clearly distinguish each species, to identify misclassifications and to assign unknown genotypes to one species. We showed that there are specific alleles in P. cerasus, which are not present in the A genome of P. avium and which probably come from the F genome of P. cerasus. The frequencies of each marker in the A and the F genomes were estimated in order to identify A and F specific markers. We discuss the utility of these specific markers for finding the origin of the A and F genomes in the allopolyploid species.
J I Hormaza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
molecular evaluation of genetic diversity and s allele composition of local spanish sweet cherry Prunus avium l cultivars
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2004Co-Authors: Ana Wunsch, J I HormazaAbstract:A group of 28 sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) local cultivars from the Jerte Valley in Western Spain were fingerprinted using microsatellites and their self-incompatibility alleles determined using S-RNase conserved primers. A total of 12 microsatellite primer pairs revealed 42 informative alleles that allowed the unequivocal identification of 26 genotypes. UPGMA cluster analysis of the similarity data produced a clear separation between the old traditional cultivars and the most recent introductions. The S-allele analysis showed a low number of different alleles in the older cultivars studied and revealed the presence of three new S-alleles not described previously. The combined information obtained from SSR fingerprinting and S-allele identification will be useful to optimize the conservation of the cherry genetic resources present in the area. Moreover, this approach can be applied to optimize the conservation of local genetic resources of other fruit tree species.
-
effect of temperature on pollen tube kinetics and dynamics in sweet cherry Prunus avium rosaceae
American Journal of Botany, 2004Co-Authors: A Hedhly, J I Hormaza, M HerreroAbstract:Prevailing ambient temperature during the reproductive phase is one of several important factors for seed and fruit set in different plant species, and its consequences on reproductive success may increase with global warming. The effect of temperature on pollen performance was evaluated in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), comparing as pollen donors two cultivars that differ in their adaptation to temperature. 'Sunburst' is a cultivar that originated in Canada with a pedigree of cultivars from Northern Europe, while 'Cristobalina' is a cultivar native to southeast Spain, adapted to warmer conditions. Temperature effects were tested either in controlled-temperature chambers or in the field in a plastic cage. In both genotypes, an increase in temperature reduced pollen germination, but accelerated pollen tube growth. However, a different genotypic response, which reflected the overall adaptation of the pollen donor, was obtained for pollen tube dynamics, expressed as the census of the microgametophyte population that successfully reached the base of the style. While both cultivars performed similarly at 20°C, the microgametophyte population was reduced at 30°C for Sunburst and at 10°C for Cristobalina. These results indicate a differential genotypic response to temperature during the reproductive phase, which could be important in terms of the time needed for a plant species to adapt to rapid temperature changes.
-
cloning and characterization of genomic dna sequences of four self incompatibility alleles in sweet cherry Prunus avium l
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2004Co-Authors: Ana Wunsch, J I HormazaAbstract:Gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) in sweet cherry is determined by a locus S with multiple alleles. In the style, the S-locus codifies for an allele-specific ribonuclease (S-RNase) that is involved in the rejection of pollen that carries the same S allele. In this work we report the cloning and genomic DNA sequence analysis including the 5′ flanking regions of four S-RNases of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L., Rosaceae). DNA from the cultivars Ferrovia, Pico Colorado, Taleguera Brillante and Vittoria was amplified through PCR using primers designed in the conserved sequences of sweet cherry S-RNases. Two alleles were amplified for each cultivar and three of them correspond to three new S-alleles named S23, S24 and S25 present in 'Pico Colorado', 'Vittoria' and 'Taleguera Brillante' respectively. To confirm the identity of the amplified fragments, the genomic DNA of these three putative S-RNases and the allele S12 amplified in the cultivar Ferrovia were cloned and sequenced. The nucleotide and deduced amino-acid sequences obtained contained the structural features of rosaceous S-RNases. The isolation of the 5′-flanking sequences of these four S-RNases revealed a conserved putative TATA box and high similarity among them downstream from that sequence. However, similarity was low compared with the 5′-flanking regions of S-RNases from the Maloideae. S6- and S24-RNase sequences are highly similar, and most amino-acid substitutions among these two RNases occur outside the rosaceous hypervariable region (RHV), but within another highly variable region. The confirmation of the different specificity of these two S-RNases would help elucidate which regions of the S-RNase sequences play a role in S-pollen specific recognition.
Melanie Bartsch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Dynamics of endophytic bacteria in plant in vitro culture: quantification of three bacterial strains in Prunus avium in different plant organs and in vitro culture phases
Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2016Co-Authors: Mona Quambusch, Jane Brümmer, Kristin Haller, Traud Winkelmann, Melanie BartschAbstract:Endophytic bacteria occurring in plant in vitro cultures have often been described as contaminants, although these are generally present in all plant tissues, often with plant growth promoting effects. The effects of bacterial endophytes in different in vitro culture phases and in different plant organs of Prunus avium were studied. In a previous study we investigated the endophytic bacterial community of six registered silvaSELECT® genotypes and found differences in the bacterial community that correlated with propagation success. In this study, quantitative polymerase chain reaction protocols were developed to look at the dynamics of the most abundant endophytes, Mycobacterium spp., Rhodopseudomonas spp., and Microbacterium spp. These endophytes were quantified during propagation and rooting, and the bacterial content in three successive years was evaluated depicting the fluctuation over time. Leaves, stems, and shoots were found to contain bacteria although in different abundance. It was shown that after regeneration via adventitious shoots the bacteria were not eliminated, but showed slightly modified concentrations. The plant growth promoting traits of the two isolates Rhodopseudomonaspalustris N-I-2 and Microbacterium testaceum D-I-1 were tested in an inoculation experiment, and showed a promotion in rooting of two difficult-to-propagate P. avium genotypes.
-
endophytic bacteria in plant tissue culture differences between easy and difficult to propagate Prunus avium genotypes
Tree Physiology, 2014Co-Authors: Mona Quambusch, Traud Winkelmann, Anna Maria Pirttila, Mysore V Tejesvi, Melanie BartschAbstract:The endophytic bacterial communities of six Prunus avium L. genotypes differing in their growth patterns during in vitro propagation were identified by culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. Five morphologically distinct isolates from tissue culture material were identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. To detect and analyze the uncultivable fraction of endophytic bacteria, a clone library was established from the amplified 16S rDNA of total plant extract. Bacterial diversity within the clone libraries was analyzed by amplified ribosomal rDNA restriction analysis and by sequencing a clone for each identified operational taxonomic unit. The most abundant bacterial group was Mycobacterium sp., which was identified in the clone libraries of all analyzed Prunus genotypes. Other dominant bacterial genera identified in the easy-to-propagate genotypes were Rhodopseudomonas sp. and Microbacterium sp. Thus, the community structures in the easy- and difficult-to-propagate cherry genotypes differed significantly. The bacterial genera, which were previously reported to have plant growth-promoting effects, were detected only in genotypes with high propagation success, indicating a possible positive impact of these bacteria on in vitro propagation of P. avium, which was proven in an inoculation experiment.
Francesco Paolo Fanizzi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
metabolic profile comparison of fruit juice from certified sweet cherry trees Prunus avium l of ferrovia and giorgia cultivars a preliminary study
Food Research International, 2016Co-Authors: Chiara Roberta Girelli, Sandra Angelica De Pascali, Laura Del Coco, Francesco Paolo FanizziAbstract:Sweet cherries are widely appreciated for fresh consumption as well as for production of juices, jams, jelly fruits and alcoholic beverages. The sweet cherry intake (as fresh fruit and related products) is extensively encouraged for their taste and nutritional qualities, due to the presence of water-soluble (C, B) and fat-soluble (A, E and K) vitamins, carotenoids, polyphenols and minerals, as well as glucose and fructose. However the market often endorses the consumption of a particular sweet cherry cultivar (as for most of vegetables) essentially for organoleptic and/or external appearance rather than nutraceutical qualities. In order to evaluate the potential difference in the nutritional quality of fruits, 56 sweet cherry juice samples from certified trees (Prunus avium L.) of two cultivars (30 from Ferrovia and 26 from Giorgia), grown in the same pedoclimatic Apulian region, were analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis (MVA). Interestingly, despite the usually lower commercial value with respect to the Ferrovia, Giorgia cultivar shows higher content of malic acid and phenolic compounds with important well known nutraceutical properties such as antioxidant activity and stimulating metabolism.
