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Valentina Usenik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Phytochemicals in fruits of two Prunus domestica L. plum cultivars during ripening
Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2012Co-Authors: Valentina Usenik, Franci Stampar, Damijana KastelecAbstract:BACKGROUND: Plums are a rich source of nutritive and bioactive compounds. The objective was to evaluate the impact of fruit tissue (flesh and peel), ripening stage and cultivar on the composition of phytochemicals in plums (Prunus domestica L.) and to analyse the relation between total antioxidant activity (TAA) and the measured variables. RESULTS: The content of total sugars and total organic acids was higher in flesh but total phenolic content (TPC) and TAA was statistically higher in plum peel. The composition of sugars depended on fruit tissue, ripening stage and the cultivar. Ripening and fruit tissue affected the composition and concentrations of organic acids. TPC of ‘Haganta’ peel increased during ripening buttherewasnosignificanttimetrendfor‘Jojo’peelandfleshofbothcultivars.Thecompositionofphenolicsinpeeldepended on the cultivar, but in flesh on the cultivar and ripening. Ripening resulted in increased total anthocyanins and TAA in peel. TAApeel was positively correlated with TPCpeel, total anthocyaninspeel, cyanidin 3-glucosidepeel and peonidin 3-rutinosidepeel in the cultivar ‘Haganta’. CONCLUSION: The composition of phytochemicals in P.domestica fruit depends on fruit tissue, ripening stage and the cultivar. Peel contributes to the TAA on average 20 times more than flesh. c � 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
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Anthocyanins and fruit colour in plums (Prunus domestica L.) during ripening.
Food Chemistry, 2009Co-Authors: Valentina Usenik, Franci Stampar, Robert VebericAbstract:Abstract The accumulation of anthocyanins and the evolution of fruit colour were investigated during ripening of Prunus domestica L. Using HPLC, the fruit of the ‘Jojo’, ‘Valor’, ‘Cacanska rodna’ and ‘Cacanska najbolja’ cultivars were quantified for anthocyanins during a 25-day period of ripening (a 33-day period in the case of ‘Jojo’). The major anthocyanin was cyanidin 3-rutinoside which, in ripe fruits, ranged from 4.1 to 23.4 mg/100 g FW (from 52.6% to 73.0%). It was followed by peonidin 3-rutinoside (from 6.5% to 37.9%), cyanidin 3-glucoside (from 1.8% to 18.4%), cyanidin 3-xyloside (from 4.7% to 7.8%) and peonidin 3-glucoside (from 0.0% to 0.4%). The ripening process resulted in a concentration increase of total anthocyanins and changed the ratios amongst the anthocyanins. The colour parameters, L ∗ , a ∗ , b ∗ , chroma and hue angle, of partially ripe plums were higher than those in the ripe fruit, but the CIRG index of partially ripe fruit was always lower than that of ripe fruit. The total anthocyanins were weakly correlated with each of the colour parameters; their relationships varied between cultivars and ripening stage. Correlation coefficients between individual anthocyanins and colour parameters in ripe plums were cultivar-dependent.
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Quality changes during ripening of plums (Prunus domestica L.)
Food Chemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Valentina Usenik, Damijana Kastelec, Robert Veberic, Franci StamparAbstract:Quality changes during fruit ripening after the appearance of fruit colour of four Prunus domestica L. plum cultivars, ‘Jojo’, ‘Valor’, ‘Cacanska rodna’ and ‘Cacanska najbolja’, were investigated during 25 or 33 day periods. Fruit samples were analyzed for fruit weight, firmness, soluble solids content, fruit colour, content of sugars (glucose, fructose, sorbitol and sucrose), organic acids (malic, fumaric and shikimic acids), phenolics (neochlorogenic acid, p-coumaroylquinic acid, chlorogenic acid and rutin) and anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-rutinoside and peonidin-3-rutinoside). Ripening resulted in statistically increased fruit weight and soluble solids, decreased fruit firmness, darker colour of fruits, increased concentration of total sugars, decreased concentration of total acids, and increased concentration of anthocyanins. There was no influence of ripening on the content of phenols. The results show significant influences of cultivar on fruit weight, soluble solids content, firmness, fruit colour, concentration of total acids, SUAC index, concentration of total phenols and anthocyanins in European plums.
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The influence of the production system on the composition of phytochemicals in Prunus domestica L. fruit
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 1Co-Authors: Valentina UsenikAbstract:Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the production system (organic and integrated) on the composition of sugars, organic acids and phenolics of the fruits ‘Cacanska lepotica’ and ‘President’ plum (Prunus domestica L.). The analysis results show a significant influence of the cultivar on the composition of sugars, organic acids, phenolics and 3 subgroups of phenolics (hydroxycinnamic acids, anthocyanins and flavonols) and the specific response of the cultivar to the production system. In organic fruits, a higher content of hydroxycinnamic acids, cyanidin-3-glucoside, rutin and a lower content of cyanidin-3-rutinoside was found. Furthermore, the summer cultivar ‘Cacanska lepotica’ reacted to the organic production system with a higher content of sucrose, sorbitol, sum of sugars, shikimic acid, fumaric acid, sum of anthocyanins, individual flavonols and sum of flavonols. The production system influenced the cyanidin-3-glucoside/cyanidin-3-rutinoside ratio and the composition of sugars and flavonols in ‘Cacanska lepotica’.
Ralph Scorza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genetic characterization of worldwide Prunus domestica (plum) germplasm using sequence-based genotyping
Nature Publishing Group, 2019Co-Authors: Tetyana Zhebentyayeva, Ralph Scorza, Michel Ravelonandro, Vijay Shankar, Ann Callahan, Sarah Castro, Theodore Dejong, Christopher A. Saski, Chris DardickAbstract:Plums: DNA reveals evolutionary history of European plum varieties The plums grown today for dried prunes likely originated from hybrid crosses and artificial selection by early agrarian societies, a genetic analysis shows. Chris Dardick from the US Department of Agriculture’s Appalachian Fruit Research Laboratory in Kearneysville, West Virginia, and coworkers sequenced more than 100,000 single DNA letters scattered across the genomes of 405 different samples of the European plum (Prunus domestica). The plants clustered genetically into four groups that corresponded with known plum varieties, such as greengages and mirabelles, but not with others, including damsons. Overall, the cultivated plums harbored a low level of genetic diversity, suggestive of repeated inbreeding from a small number of founder plants. The data also point to the European plum originating from a hybrid cross between the cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera) and blackthorn (Prunus spinosa)
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Genetic characterization of worldwide Prunus domestica (plum) germplasm using sequence-based genotyping.
Horticulture research, 2019Co-Authors: Tetyana Zhebentyayeva, Ralph Scorza, Michel Ravelonandro, Vijay Shankar, Ann Callahan, Sarah Castro, Theodore Dejong, Christopher A. Saski, Chris DardickAbstract:Prunus domestica commonly known as European plum is a hexaploid fruit tree species cultivated around the world. Locally it is used for fresh consumption, in jams or jellies, and the production of spirits while commercially the fruit is primarily sold dried (prunes). Despite its agricultural importance and long history of cultivation, many questions remain about the origin of this species, the relationships among its many pomological types, and its underlying genetics. Here, we used a sequence-based genotyping approach to characterize worldwide plum germplasm including the potential progenitor Eurasian plum species. Analysis of 405 DNA samples established a set of four clades consistent with the pomological groups Greengages, Mirabelles, European plums, and d'Agen (French) prune plums. A number of cultivars from each clade were identified as likely clonal selections, particularly among the "French" type prune germplasm that is widely cultivated today. Overall, there was relatively low genetic diversity across all cultivated plums suggesting they have been largely inbred and/or derived from a limited number of founders. The results agree with P. domestica having originated as an interspecific hybrid of a diploid P. cerasifera and a tetraploid P. spinosa that itself may have been an interspecific hybrid of P. cerasifera and an unknown Eurasian plum species. The low genetic diversity and lack of true wild-types coupled with the known cultivation history of Eurasian plums imply that P. domestica may have been a product of inter-specific cross breeding and artificial selection by early agrarian Eurasian societies.
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Current achievements and future directions in genetic engineering of European plum (Prunus domestica L.)
Transgenic Research, 2018Co-Authors: Cesar Petri, Ralph Scorza, Mohamed Faize, Nuria Alburquerque, Chris DardickAbstract:In most woody fruit species, transformation and regeneration are difficult. However, European plum ( Prunus domestica ) has been shown to be amenable to genetic improvement technologies from classical hybridization, to genetic engineering, to rapid cycle crop breeding (‘FasTrack’ breeding). Since the first report on European plum transformation with marker genes in the early 90 s, numerous manuscripts have been published reporting the generation of new clones with agronomically interesting traits, such as pests, diseases and/or abiotic stress resistance, shorter juvenile period, dwarfing, continuous flowering, etc. This review focuses on the main advances in genetic transformation of European plum achieved to date, and the lines of work that are converting genetic engineering into a contemporary breeding tool for this species.
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A high-throughput transformation system in plum (Prunus domestica L.) useful for functional genomics in rosaceae.
Acta Horticulturae, 2009Co-Authors: Cesar Petri, Chris Dardick, K. Webb, Ralph ScorzaAbstract:We have developed an improved Agrobacterium-mediated protocol in plum (Prunus domestica L.) through the addition of 2,4-D to the regeneration media. This method has increased the regeneration efficiency of independent transgenic plants up to 10 fold over previous reports. DNA blot analysis of putative transgenic shoots revealed transformation efficiencies of up to 42% with an average of 25% over all trials. The method as described produces self-rooted transgenic plants in approximately 6 months. The high transformation rates coupled with the rapid plant establishment methodology makes it possible to utilize plum transformation both for the introduction of agronomically useful genes into this species, and as a model plant for functional genomics studies in Prunus spp., rosaceaous species, and woody plants in general.
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Resistance of transgenic Prunus domestica to plum pox virus infection
Plant disease, 1997Co-Authors: Michel Ravelonandro, Ralph Scorza, Jean-claude Bachelier, G. Labonne, Laurene Levy, V. Damsteegt, Ann M. Callahan, Jean DunezAbstract:ABSTRACT Transgenic plum trees (Prunus domestica) containing the plum pox potyvirus coat protein (PPV-CP) gene were inoculated with PPV by aphid feeding or chip budding. Infection was monitored by evaluation of virus symptoms, DAS-ELISA, and immunoblot assays. Based on observations and analyses over 3 years including two dormancy cycles, one out of five transgenic clones (C-5), was found to be resistant to infection whether inoculated by aphids or by chip budding. PPV could not be detected in any inoculated plants of the C-5 clone by immunoblot or immunocap-ture-reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays. To our knowledge, this is the first P. domestica clone resistant to PPV infection produced by genetic engineering.
Gabriela Râpeanu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Extraction, purification and processing stability of peroxidase from plums (Prunus domestica)
International Journal of Food Properties, 2018Co-Authors: Elena Enachi, Leontina Grigore-gurgu, Iuliana Aprodu, Nicoleta Stănciuc, Istvan Dalmadi, Gabriela Bahrim, Gabriela Râpeanu, Constantin CroitoruAbstract:Peroxidase (POD) was extracted from Prunus domestica and partially purified by three methods: ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and ion exchange chromatography...
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Extraction, purification and processing stability of peroxidase from plums (Prunus domestica)
Taylor & Francis Group, 2018Co-Authors: Elena Enachi, Leontina Grigore-gurgu, Iuliana Aprodu, Nicoleta Stănciuc, Istvan Dalmadi, Gabriela Bahrim, Gabriela Râpeanu, Constantin CroitoruAbstract:Peroxidase (POD) was extracted from Prunus domestica and partially purified by three methods: ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and ion exchange chromatography, respectively. The selected procedure allowed a 26.33-fold purification, and the molecular mass estimated by SDS-PAGE was 58 kDa. The purified enzyme presented enzymatic activity toward guaiacol, pyrogallol, catechol, and showed no activity toward ferulic, caffeic, and p-coumaric acids. In terms of optimum parameters for activity, the pH was 6.5, whereas the temperature was 25°C. The enzyme exhibited high stability in the pH range of 5.0–7.0 and in the temperature range of 25–70°C. The most potent inhibitors of POD were L-cysteine and sodium metabisulfite. The thermal inactivation displayed a first-order kinetic model, with an activation energy of Ea 84.79 ± 2.2 kJ/mol. POD extracted from plums exhibited high stability at high-pressure treatment, maintaining over 50% of the initial activity even at 700 MPa
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characterization purification and temperature pressure stability of polyphenol oxidase extracted from plums Prunus domestica
Process Biochemistry, 2017Co-Authors: Elena Ioniţă, Iuliana Aprodu, Nicoleta Stănciuc, Istvan Dalmadi, Gabriela Bahrim, Leontina Gurgu, Gabriela RâpeanuAbstract:Abstract In this study, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was extracted from Prunus domestica and partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and ion exchange chromatography. The final purification step revealed a 32.81-fold purification, and the molecular mass was estimated to be 65 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The purified PPO showed enzymatic activity mainly toward five substrates, namely catechol, catechin, 4-methyl catechol, chlorogenic acid, and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, whereas it showed no activity toward caffeic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, p-cresol, and l -tyrosine. The optimum pH and temperature values were 6.0 and 25 °C, respectively. The enzyme showed high stability in the pH range of 5.0–7.0 and in the temperature range of 25–65 °C. The most effective inhibitors of this enzyme were found to be ascorbic acid and l -cysteine. The thermal inactivation followed a first-order kinetic model, with activation energy of Ea 150.46 ± 1.29 kJ/mol. PPO extracted from plum showed stability at high pressure, with enzyme activation at 500 MPa.
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Characterization, purification, and temperature/pressure stability of polyphenol oxidase extracted from plums (Prunus domestica)
Process Biochemistry, 2017Co-Authors: Elena Ioniţă, Iuliana Aprodu, Nicoleta Stănciuc, Istvan Dalmadi, Gabriela Bahrim, Leontina Gurgu, Gabriela RâpeanuAbstract:Abstract In this study, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was extracted from Prunus domestica and partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and ion exchange chromatography. The final purification step revealed a 32.81-fold purification, and the molecular mass was estimated to be 65 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The purified PPO showed enzymatic activity mainly toward five substrates, namely catechol, catechin, 4-methyl catechol, chlorogenic acid, and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, whereas it showed no activity toward caffeic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, p-cresol, and l -tyrosine. The optimum pH and temperature values were 6.0 and 25 °C, respectively. The enzyme showed high stability in the pH range of 5.0–7.0 and in the temperature range of 25–65 °C. The most effective inhibitors of this enzyme were found to be ascorbic acid and l -cysteine. The thermal inactivation followed a first-order kinetic model, with activation energy of Ea 150.46 ± 1.29 kJ/mol. PPO extracted from plum showed stability at high pressure, with enzyme activation at 500 MPa.
M. Neumüller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Diversity of phenolic profiles in the fruit skin of Prunus domestica plums and related species.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Dieter Treutter, Diwei Wang, Mohamed A. Farag, Giselle D. Argueta Baires, Susanne Rühmann, M. NeumüllerAbstract:The fruits of the European plum Prunus domestica exhibit a great diversity in appearance including skin colors. This study attempts to elucidate the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid profiles of 28 plum varieties belonging to P. domestica and related species as well as hybrids. A total of 49 phenolic compounds extracted from the fruit skin were quantitatively evaluated in an HPLC-DAD-based metabolomic study. The total phenolic contents of the cultivars varied among 0.4–29.9 mg/g fresh weight. The predominant anthocyanins were glycosides of cyanidin and peonidin, and rutin was the principal flavonol, whereas neochlorogenic acid and n-chlorogenic acid were the main hydroxycinnamic acids. Aside from these major phenolic classes, a group of tentatively identified flavones and several acylated flavonoids were also found. Principal component analysis revealed that anthocyanins and hydroxycinnamic acids contributed most to variety separation. The heterogeneity between the different varieties was also assessed using ...
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The inheritance of the hypersensitivity resistance of European plum (Prunus domestica L.) against the Plum pox virus.
Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 2010Co-Authors: L. Lichtenegger, M. Neumüller, D. Treutter, W. HartmannAbstract:In between 2003 and 2009 more than 500 seedlings have been tested for hypersensitivity resistance against the Plum pox virus (PPV), which causes Sharka disease. The seedlings had at least one hypersensitive parent genotype. They were tested for hypersensitivity resistance by double grafting onto PPV infected interstem in the green house. In crossing combinations with two hypersensitive parents the percentage of hypersensitive seedlings was highest. There is also no equal distribution of the genotypes over the individual hypersensitivity classes (HC) in all crossing combinations. The percentage of hypersensitive seedlings strongly depends on the parentage. Furthermore investigations regarding the origin of the hypersensitivity resistance of the cultivar ‘Jojo’, which is a descendant of a crossing combination from ‘Ortenauer’ × ‘Stanley’, were done. It was shown that the cultivar ‘Ortenauer’ is the donor of the hypersensitivity trait. Keywords : Plum pox virus , hypersensitivity, inheritance, Prunus domestica L., resistance
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In Vitro Germination of Prunus domestica Seeds
Acta Horticulturae, 2010Co-Authors: K. Paskas, M. Neumüller, D. TreutterAbstract:Breeding of new European plum (Prunus domestica L.) cultivars faces two major problems: low fruit set in cross-pollination and low germination rate of the seeds obtained from the harvested fruit. Up to now, breeding programs reported mainly stratification in peat, soil or sand and embryo culture according to Theiler (1971) in order to avoid the need of stratification and its associated problems, such as high losses due to microbial infection. The in vitro technique used in this study combines elements of different reported stratification methods and minimizes the infection rate during the stratification. Seeds were placed in a modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium in test tubes. Two seed treatments were tested: 1) sowing and stratification immediately after the harvest, 2) seeds were dried and stored for four months prior to sowing and stratification. Stratification was carried out in vitro at 4°C in both cases. Germination was checked once a week. When the radicle emerged through the surrounding tissues, seedlings were removed from the test tubes and cultivated in soil in the greenhouse. Some hard seed coats were removed manually to relieve the radical from the hardened testa and to encourage seeds germinate. The germination rate ranged from 16-100%. By comparing the two treatments it is obvious that if the seeds are sown immediately after harvest, the germination percentage is higher.
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Breeding for Sharka resistance and high fruit quality in European plum (Prunus domestica L.) at Weihenstephan: breeding strategy and selection tools.
Acta Horticulturae, 2010Co-Authors: M. Neumüller, D. Treutter, W. HartmannAbstract:In 2005, a breeding program for European plum (Prunus domestica) was established at the Technical University of Munich in Weihenstephan, Germany. Methods for increasing the yield of seedlings out of a given number of pollinated flowers as well as timesaving selection methods for different traits of interest have been developed which may help to answer important problems that plum production is faced with. The breeding program aims at combining durable and complete resistance against Plum pox virus (PPV), the causative agent of Sharka disease, with high fruit quality. As a source of Sharka resistance, descendants of the crossing combination 'Ortenauer' × 'Stanley' are used. They originate from the breeding program of the University of Hohenheim and show a hypersensitive reaction after inoculation with PPV. In order to exploit the possible sources of resistance and to combine them, a gene bank of Prunus domestica genotypes has been built up and screened for Sharka resistance to find new sources of both hypersensitivity resistance as well as quantitative resistance against PPV. Moreover, crossings between highly PPV sensitive genotypes are performed in order to create new sources of hypersensitivity resistance which can be used in further breeding cycles. To enhance the fruit quality level of Sharka resistant cultivars, crossings with large sized, specially coloured and exceptionally tasty plum genotypes originating from the Weihenstephan Prunus gene bank or from the Hohenheim breeding program are performed. Furthermore, P. domestica genotypes are crossed with large sized P. cerasifera and P. salicina selections. Some interspecific hybrids show strong resistance against the Prune rust caused by the fungus Tranzchelia pruni-spinosae. Resistance tests which allow the selection of European plum genotypes resistant to Monilinia ssp. infections leading to the well known Brown rot of the fruits are under development.
Chris Dardick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genetic characterization of worldwide Prunus domestica (plum) germplasm using sequence-based genotyping
Nature Publishing Group, 2019Co-Authors: Tetyana Zhebentyayeva, Ralph Scorza, Michel Ravelonandro, Vijay Shankar, Ann Callahan, Sarah Castro, Theodore Dejong, Christopher A. Saski, Chris DardickAbstract:Plums: DNA reveals evolutionary history of European plum varieties The plums grown today for dried prunes likely originated from hybrid crosses and artificial selection by early agrarian societies, a genetic analysis shows. Chris Dardick from the US Department of Agriculture’s Appalachian Fruit Research Laboratory in Kearneysville, West Virginia, and coworkers sequenced more than 100,000 single DNA letters scattered across the genomes of 405 different samples of the European plum (Prunus domestica). The plants clustered genetically into four groups that corresponded with known plum varieties, such as greengages and mirabelles, but not with others, including damsons. Overall, the cultivated plums harbored a low level of genetic diversity, suggestive of repeated inbreeding from a small number of founder plants. The data also point to the European plum originating from a hybrid cross between the cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera) and blackthorn (Prunus spinosa)
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Genetic characterization of worldwide Prunus domestica (plum) germplasm using sequence-based genotyping.
Horticulture research, 2019Co-Authors: Tetyana Zhebentyayeva, Ralph Scorza, Michel Ravelonandro, Vijay Shankar, Ann Callahan, Sarah Castro, Theodore Dejong, Christopher A. Saski, Chris DardickAbstract:Prunus domestica commonly known as European plum is a hexaploid fruit tree species cultivated around the world. Locally it is used for fresh consumption, in jams or jellies, and the production of spirits while commercially the fruit is primarily sold dried (prunes). Despite its agricultural importance and long history of cultivation, many questions remain about the origin of this species, the relationships among its many pomological types, and its underlying genetics. Here, we used a sequence-based genotyping approach to characterize worldwide plum germplasm including the potential progenitor Eurasian plum species. Analysis of 405 DNA samples established a set of four clades consistent with the pomological groups Greengages, Mirabelles, European plums, and d'Agen (French) prune plums. A number of cultivars from each clade were identified as likely clonal selections, particularly among the "French" type prune germplasm that is widely cultivated today. Overall, there was relatively low genetic diversity across all cultivated plums suggesting they have been largely inbred and/or derived from a limited number of founders. The results agree with P. domestica having originated as an interspecific hybrid of a diploid P. cerasifera and a tetraploid P. spinosa that itself may have been an interspecific hybrid of P. cerasifera and an unknown Eurasian plum species. The low genetic diversity and lack of true wild-types coupled with the known cultivation history of Eurasian plums imply that P. domestica may have been a product of inter-specific cross breeding and artificial selection by early agrarian Eurasian societies.
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Current achievements and future directions in genetic engineering of European plum (Prunus domestica L.)
Transgenic Research, 2018Co-Authors: Cesar Petri, Ralph Scorza, Mohamed Faize, Nuria Alburquerque, Chris DardickAbstract:In most woody fruit species, transformation and regeneration are difficult. However, European plum ( Prunus domestica ) has been shown to be amenable to genetic improvement technologies from classical hybridization, to genetic engineering, to rapid cycle crop breeding (‘FasTrack’ breeding). Since the first report on European plum transformation with marker genes in the early 90 s, numerous manuscripts have been published reporting the generation of new clones with agronomically interesting traits, such as pests, diseases and/or abiotic stress resistance, shorter juvenile period, dwarfing, continuous flowering, etc. This review focuses on the main advances in genetic transformation of European plum achieved to date, and the lines of work that are converting genetic engineering into a contemporary breeding tool for this species.
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A high-throughput transformation system in plum (Prunus domestica L.) useful for functional genomics in rosaceae.
Acta Horticulturae, 2009Co-Authors: Cesar Petri, Chris Dardick, K. Webb, Ralph ScorzaAbstract:We have developed an improved Agrobacterium-mediated protocol in plum (Prunus domestica L.) through the addition of 2,4-D to the regeneration media. This method has increased the regeneration efficiency of independent transgenic plants up to 10 fold over previous reports. DNA blot analysis of putative transgenic shoots revealed transformation efficiencies of up to 42% with an average of 25% over all trials. The method as described produces self-rooted transgenic plants in approximately 6 months. The high transformation rates coupled with the rapid plant establishment methodology makes it possible to utilize plum transformation both for the introduction of agronomically useful genes into this species, and as a model plant for functional genomics studies in Prunus spp., rosaceaous species, and woody plants in general.
