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Leonel Marineros - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Scarlet Macaw, Ara macao, (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae) diet in Central Pacific Costa Rica
2016Co-Authors: Christopher Vaughan, Nicole Nemeth, Leonel MarinerosAbstract:Costa Rica. Feeding data acquired in this study were not collected systematically, but opportunistically when-ever macaws were observed feeding. To supplement feeding observations, we conducted interviews with local residents. Scarlet Macaws fed on seeds, fruits, leaves, flowers and/or bark of 43 plant species. Various plant parts eaten by macaws from several tree species contain secondary compounds toxic to humans, and additional species included in their diet are nonnative, introduced for agricultural purposes. Important macaw feeding tree species are Ceiba pentandra, Schizolobium parahybum, and Hura crepitans; these species are also crucial to this macaw population because of nest cavities they provide. The results of this study contribute to the conservation of Scarlet Macaws in Central Pacific Costa Rica through promoting protection of individual trees, and through local elementary school reforestation programs focusing on tree species that macaws use for feeding and/or nesting. Scarlet Macaw conservation is extremely important, as numerous population pressures have cause
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scarlet macaw ara macao psittaciformes Psittacidae diet in central pacific costa rica
Revista De Biologia Tropical, 2014Co-Authors: Christopher Vaughan, Nicole M Nemeth, Leonel MarinerosAbstract:From 1993 to 1997, we observed Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao) feeding behavior in Central Pacific Costa Rica. Feeding data acquired in this study were not collected systematically, but opportunistically when- ever macaws were observed feeding. To supplement feeding observations, we conducted interviews with local residents. Scarlet Macaws fed on seeds, fruits, leaves, flowers and/or bark of 43 plant species. Various plant parts eaten by macaws from several tree species contain secondary compounds toxic to humans, and additional species included in their diet are nonnative, introduced for agricultural purposes. Important macaw feeding tree species are Ceiba pentandra, Schizolobium parahybum, and Hura crepitans; these species are also crucial to this macaw population because of nest cavities they provide. The results of this study contribute to the conservation of Scarlet Macaws in Central Pacific Costa Rica through promoting protection of individual trees, and through local elementary school reforestation programs focusing on tree species that macaws use for feeding and/or nesting. Scarlet Macaw conservation is extremely important, as numerous population pressures have caused significant declines in macaw numbers in Costa Rica. Rev. Biol. Trop. 54 (3): 919-926. Epub 2006 Sept. 29.
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Scarlet Macaw, Ara macao, (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae) diet in Central Pacific Costa Rica
Vicerractoría Investigación, 2006Co-Authors: Christopher Vaughan, Nicole Nemeth, Leonel MarinerosAbstract:From 1993 to 1997, we observed Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao) feeding behavior in Central Pacific Costa Rica. Feeding data acquired in this study were not collected systematically, but opportunistically whenever macaws were observed feeding. To supplement feeding observations, we conducted interviews with local residents. Scarlet Macaws fed on seeds, fruits, leaves, flowers and/or bark of 43 plant species. Various plant parts eaten by macaws from several tree species contain secondary compounds toxic to humans, and additional species included in their diet are nonnative, introduced for agricultural purposes. Important macaw feeding tree species are Ceiba pentandra, Schizolobium parahybum, and Hura crepitans; these species are also crucial to this macaw population because of nest cavities they provide. The results of this study contribute to the conservation of Scarlet Macaws in Central Pacific Costa Rica through promoting protection of individual trees, and through local elementary school reforestation programs focusing on tree species that macaws use for feeding and/or nesting. Scarlet Macaw conservation is extremely important, as numerous population pressures have caused significant declines in macaw numbers in Costa Rica. Rev. Biol. Trop. 54 (3): 919-926. Epub 2006 Sept. 29.Entre 1993-97, observamos el comportamiento de alimentación de la lapa roja (Ara macao) en el Pacifico Central de Costa Rica. La lapa roja se alimentó de semillas, frutas, hojas, flores y corteza de 43 especies de plantas. Varias partes de las plantas comidas por las lapas contienen compuestos secundarios tóxicos al ser humano, y especies adicionales incluidas en la dieta son exóticas; introducidas por razones agrícolas, forestales o estéticas. Especies de árboles importantes como alimento de la lapa roja incluyen: Ceiba pentandra, Schizolobium parahybum, y Hura crepitans; también son criticas para la población de la lapa roja debido a proveen cavidades para anidación. Los resultados de este estudio contribuyen a la conservación de la lapa roja en el Pacifico Central de Costa Rica a través de la promoción de la protección de árboles individuales y programas de reforestación a nivel de escuela primaria que se enfocan en especies de árboles que la lapa utiliza para alimentación o anidación. La conservación de la lapa roja es importante, debido al declive de sus números en Costa Rica
Edivaldo Herculano Correa De Oliveira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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chromosome painting in neotropical long and short tailed parrots aves psittaciformes phylogeny and proposal for a putative ancestral karyotype for tribe arini
Genes, 2018Co-Authors: Ivanete De Oliveira Furo, Malcolm A Fergusonsmith, Rafael Kretschmer, Patricia C M Obrien, Jorge Pereira, Analia Del Valle Garnero, Ricardo Jose Gunski, Edivaldo Herculano Correa De OliveiraAbstract:Most Neotropical Psittacidae have a diploid number of 2n = 70, and a dichotomy in chromosome patterns. Long-tailed species have biarmed macrochromosomes, while short-tailed species have telo/acrocentric macrochromosomes. However, the use of chromosome painting has demonstrated that karyotype evolution in Psittacidae includes a high number of inter/intrachromosomal rearrangements. To determine the phylogeny of long- and short-tailed species, and to propose a putative ancestral karyotype for this group, we constructed homology maps of Pyrrhura frontalis (PFR) and Amazona aestiva (AAE), belonging to the long- and short-tailed groups, respectively. Chromosomes were analyzed by conventional staining and fluorescent in situ hybridization using whole chromosome paints of Gallus gallus and Leucopternis albicollis. Conventional staining showed a karyotype with 2n = 70 in both species, with biarmed macrochromosomes in PFR and telo/acrocentric chromosomes in AAE. Comparison of the results with the putative avian ancestral karyotype (PAK) showed fusions in PFR of PAK1p/PAK4q (PFR1) and PAK6/PAK7 (PFR6) with a paracentric inversion in PFR6. However, in AAE, there was only the fusion between PAK6/7 (AAE7) with a paracentric inversion. Our results indicate that PFR retained a more basal karyotype than long-tailed species previously studied, and AAE a more basal karyotype for Neotropical Psittacidae analyzed so far.
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chromosomal mapping of repetitive dnas in myiopsitta monachus and amazona aestiva psittaciformes Psittacidae with emphasis on the sex chromosomes
Cytogenetic and Genome Research, 2017Co-Authors: Ivanete De Oliveira Furo, Malcolm A Fergusonsmith, Patricia C M Obrien, Michelly Dos S Santos, Carlos A De Lima Carvalho, Edivaldo Herculano Correa De OliveiraAbstract:Here, for the first time, we describe the karyotype of Myiopsitta monachus (Psittacidae, Arini). We found 2n = 48, corresponding to the lowest diploid number observed in Neotropical
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chromosomal diversity and karyotype evolution in south american macaws psittaciformes Psittacidae
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Ivanete De Oliveira Furo, Malcolm A Fergusonsmith, Rafael Kretschmer, Patricia C M Obrien, Edivaldo Herculano Correa De OliveiraAbstract:Most species of macaws, which represent the largest species of Neotropical Psittacidae, characterized by their long tails and exuberant colours, are endangered, mainly because of hunting, illegal trade and habitat destruction. Long tailed species seem to represent a monophyletic group within Psittacidae, supported by cytogenetic data. Hence, these species show karyotypes with predominance of biarmed macrochromosomes, in contrast to short tailed species, with a predominance of acro/telocentric macrochromosomes. Because of their similar karyotypes, it has been proposed that inversions and translocations may be the main types of rearrangements occurring during the evolution of this group. However, only one species of macaw, Ara macao, that has had its genome sequenced was analyzed by means of molecular cytogenetics. Hence, in order to verify the rearrangements, we analyzed the karyotype of two species of macaws, Ara chloropterus and Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus, using cross-species chromosome painting with two different sets of probes from chicken and white hawk. Both intra- and interchromosomal rearrangements were observed. Chicken probes revealed the occurrence of fusions, fissions and inversions in both species, while the probes from white hawk determined the correct breakpoints or chromosome segments involved in the rearrangements. Some of these rearrangements were common for both species of macaws (fission of GGA1 and fusions of GGA1p/GGA4q, GGA6/GGA7 and GGA8/GGA9), while the fissions of GGA 2 and 4p were found only in A. chloropterus. These results confirm that despite apparent chromosomal similarity, macaws have very diverse karyotypes, which differ from each other not only by inversions and translocations as postulated before, but also by fissions and fusions.
Machado Lom - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Breeding behavior of Aratinga aurea (Psittacidae) in southwestern Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Soc Brasileira Ornitologia, 2015Co-Authors: Sj Paranhos, Cb ,de Araujo, Machado LomAbstract:Breeding behavior of Aratinga aurea (Psittacidae) in southwestern Minas Gerais, Brazil. The research was carried out from August 1995 to August 1998 in order to describe the breeding behavior of the Peach-fronted Parakeet Aratinga aurea in southwestern of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Aratinga aurea breeds mainly in terrestrial termitarium, and all nests found during the research were located in areas of high human disturbances. The eggs were mostly laid every three days, and the clutch size varied between two to five eggs. The mean size of the eggs is 21,02 x 26,83 mm (n = 29 eggs). The incubation period varied from 23 to 25 days and the hatching was asynchronous, with duration of five or six days. Nestlings fledged at 45-51 days after hatching. During all the reproductive period the couple visited the nests
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Feeding behavior of Aratinga aurea (Psittacidae) in southwestern Minas Gerais State, Brazil
Brasil, 2015Co-Authors: Sj Paranhos, Cb ,de Araujo, Machado LomAbstract:Feeding behavior of Aratinga aurea (Psittacidae) in southwestern Minas Gerais State, Brazil. This research was carried out from August 1995 to August 1998. The objective is obtain data on feeding behavior of the Peach-fronted Parakeet (Aratinga aurea) in southwestern Minas Gerais State. Thirty-three plant species were eaten by A. aurea. Hyptis suaveolens (Lamiaceae) and Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) were the most consumed. Aratinga aurea fed on flowers, fruit pulp but seeds were the most consumed item. The use of leaves as food was recorded only for Pyrus communis (Rosaceae), on a single feeding bout. From 33 species eaten, parakeets used seeds from 18 species, fruit pulp from seven and flowers from 12 species. The methods used to obtain food varied according to the size of plant species, as well as the morphology. Generally, it was possible to define three basic strategies: (1) the bird pecks the food without ripping it from the branch, (2) the birds plucks off the food with its beak and grinds it, (3) the bird plucks off the food with its beak, grabs it using its foot and only then starts to eat it. There was statistically significant variation of the methods used in relation to the food item. The flock size during feeding is highly variable. Flock size varied from one individual eating alone to 20 individuals at the same site. Records of flocks of one or two birds were mostly made during breeding period.174173218719
Ochoa C. Vivian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ingreso de psittacidos al centro de atención de fauna (CAV-CVS), durante los años 2007-2009
'Universidad de Cordoba', 2013Co-Authors: Carrascal V. Juan, Chacón P. Julio, Ochoa C. VivianAbstract:Objetive. The entrance dynamics of family Psittacidae to the Wildlife Attention and Valuation Center (CAV - CVS) was determined. Materials and methods. Data were obtained between 2007 to 2009. A frequency analysis for the variables species, entrance type and time (months and years) was implemented. For the variable months an analysis of mean difference was applied and the relationship entrance of the species versus the months of the year by means of a stripplot was presented. Results. The Family Psittacidae presented 58% of the total of birds that entered the CAV-CVS, samples collected from public markets and highways of the department of Córdoba. The species with more entrance frequency was Brotogeris jugularis, with 73.99% of the total of individuals, being that specie the one that obtained higher entrances throughout the year. Significant differences in incoming samples per month (X2=26.785, df=11, p=0.004951), were also detected. Conclusions. The dry season, confluent with festivities in the department, presented the highest values of incomings to the center.Objetivo. En este estudio se determinó la dinámica de ingresos de la familia Psittacidae al Centro de Atención y Valoración de Fauna Silvestre (CAV - CVS). Materiales y métodos. Se tomaron datos obtenidos desde el año 2007 hasta el año 2009, a los cuales se implementó análisis de frecuencias para las variables especies, tipo de ingreso y tiempo (meses y años), para la variable meses se aplicó un análisis de diferencia de medias y se presentó la relación ingreso de las especies versus los meses del año, por medio de un stripplot. Resultados. La familia Psittacidae presentó el 58% del total de aves que ingresaron al CAV producto de decomisos preventivos realizados en mercados públicos y vías del departamento de Córdoba. La especie con mayor frecuencia de ingresos fue Brotogeris jugularis, con 73.99% del total de individuos, siendo la especie que obtuvo los mayores ingresos durante todo el año. Asimismo, se encontró diferencias significativas para el ingreso por meses (X2= 26.785, gl = 11, p-valor = 0.004951). Conclusiones. Se logró determinar que la época seca, acorde con las festividades en el departamento, presentó los valores más altos de ingresos
Ivanete De Oliveira Furo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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chromosome painting in neotropical long and short tailed parrots aves psittaciformes phylogeny and proposal for a putative ancestral karyotype for tribe arini
Genes, 2018Co-Authors: Ivanete De Oliveira Furo, Malcolm A Fergusonsmith, Rafael Kretschmer, Patricia C M Obrien, Jorge Pereira, Analia Del Valle Garnero, Ricardo Jose Gunski, Edivaldo Herculano Correa De OliveiraAbstract:Most Neotropical Psittacidae have a diploid number of 2n = 70, and a dichotomy in chromosome patterns. Long-tailed species have biarmed macrochromosomes, while short-tailed species have telo/acrocentric macrochromosomes. However, the use of chromosome painting has demonstrated that karyotype evolution in Psittacidae includes a high number of inter/intrachromosomal rearrangements. To determine the phylogeny of long- and short-tailed species, and to propose a putative ancestral karyotype for this group, we constructed homology maps of Pyrrhura frontalis (PFR) and Amazona aestiva (AAE), belonging to the long- and short-tailed groups, respectively. Chromosomes were analyzed by conventional staining and fluorescent in situ hybridization using whole chromosome paints of Gallus gallus and Leucopternis albicollis. Conventional staining showed a karyotype with 2n = 70 in both species, with biarmed macrochromosomes in PFR and telo/acrocentric chromosomes in AAE. Comparison of the results with the putative avian ancestral karyotype (PAK) showed fusions in PFR of PAK1p/PAK4q (PFR1) and PAK6/PAK7 (PFR6) with a paracentric inversion in PFR6. However, in AAE, there was only the fusion between PAK6/7 (AAE7) with a paracentric inversion. Our results indicate that PFR retained a more basal karyotype than long-tailed species previously studied, and AAE a more basal karyotype for Neotropical Psittacidae analyzed so far.
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chromosomal mapping of repetitive dnas in myiopsitta monachus and amazona aestiva psittaciformes Psittacidae with emphasis on the sex chromosomes
Cytogenetic and Genome Research, 2017Co-Authors: Ivanete De Oliveira Furo, Malcolm A Fergusonsmith, Patricia C M Obrien, Michelly Dos S Santos, Carlos A De Lima Carvalho, Edivaldo Herculano Correa De OliveiraAbstract:Here, for the first time, we describe the karyotype of Myiopsitta monachus (Psittacidae, Arini). We found 2n = 48, corresponding to the lowest diploid number observed in Neotropical
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RESEARCH ARTICLE Chromosomal Diversity and Karyotype Evolution in South American Macaws (Psittaciformes, Psittacidae)
2016Co-Authors: Ivanete De Oliveira Furo, Rafael Kretschmer, Patrícia C. O’brien, Malcolm A. Ferguson-smith, Edivaldo Herculano, Corrêa OliveiraAbstract:Most species of macaws, which represent the largest species of Neotropical Psittacidae, characterized by their long tails and exuberant colours, are endangered, mainly because of hunting, illegal trade and habitat destruction. Long tailed species seem to represent a mono-phyletic group within Psittacidae, supported by cytogenetic data. Hence, these species show karyotypes with predominance of biarmed macrochromosomes, in contrast to short tailed species, with a predominance of acro/telocentric macrochromosomes. Because of their similar karyotypes, it has been proposed that inversions and translocations may be the main types of rearrangements occurring during the evolution of this group. However, only one species of macaw, Ara macao, that has had its genome sequenced was analyzed by means of molecular cytogenetics. Hence, in order to verify the rearrangements, we ana-lyzed the karyotype of two species of macaws, Ara chloropterus and Anodorhynchus hya-cinthinus, using cross-species chromosome painting with two different sets of probes from chicken and white hawk. Both intra- and interchromosomal rearrangements were observed. Chicken probes revealed the occurrence of fusions, fissions and inversions in both species
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chromosomal diversity and karyotype evolution in south american macaws psittaciformes Psittacidae
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Ivanete De Oliveira Furo, Malcolm A Fergusonsmith, Rafael Kretschmer, Patricia C M Obrien, Edivaldo Herculano Correa De OliveiraAbstract:Most species of macaws, which represent the largest species of Neotropical Psittacidae, characterized by their long tails and exuberant colours, are endangered, mainly because of hunting, illegal trade and habitat destruction. Long tailed species seem to represent a monophyletic group within Psittacidae, supported by cytogenetic data. Hence, these species show karyotypes with predominance of biarmed macrochromosomes, in contrast to short tailed species, with a predominance of acro/telocentric macrochromosomes. Because of their similar karyotypes, it has been proposed that inversions and translocations may be the main types of rearrangements occurring during the evolution of this group. However, only one species of macaw, Ara macao, that has had its genome sequenced was analyzed by means of molecular cytogenetics. Hence, in order to verify the rearrangements, we analyzed the karyotype of two species of macaws, Ara chloropterus and Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus, using cross-species chromosome painting with two different sets of probes from chicken and white hawk. Both intra- and interchromosomal rearrangements were observed. Chicken probes revealed the occurrence of fusions, fissions and inversions in both species, while the probes from white hawk determined the correct breakpoints or chromosome segments involved in the rearrangements. Some of these rearrangements were common for both species of macaws (fission of GGA1 and fusions of GGA1p/GGA4q, GGA6/GGA7 and GGA8/GGA9), while the fissions of GGA 2 and 4p were found only in A. chloropterus. These results confirm that despite apparent chromosomal similarity, macaws have very diverse karyotypes, which differ from each other not only by inversions and translocations as postulated before, but also by fissions and fusions.
