The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Diederik Strubbe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mediterranean versus Atlantic monk Parakeets Myiopsitta monachus: towards differentiated management at the European scale.
Pest Management Science, 2019Co-Authors: Jose Luis Postigo, Diederik Strubbe, Emiliano Mori, Leonardo Ancillotto, Inês Carneiro, P. Latsoudis, Mattia Menchetti, Liviu G. Pârâu, Dave Parrott, Luís ReinoAbstract:BACKGROUND: The monk Parakeet Myiopsitta monachus (Boddaert), native to South America, is an invasive species in several European countries, causing crop damage and potential negative impacts on wildlife. Only Spain and Great Britain have regulations to control monk Parakeets, thus fast growth and spread of populations are likely to occur on a wide scale. The aims of this research are to update information on the distribution and population size of monk Parakeets in Europe, assess whether differences in population growth or spread rate exist between populations, and provide recommendations to decision-makers. RESULTS: Our study estimates that there are 23 758 monk Parakeets in the wild, across 179 municipalities in eight European Union (EU) countries; 84% of these municipalities hold between 1 and 100 monk Parakeets. All countries with a representative historical record are experiencing exponential growth of monk Parakeets. Mediterranean countries are experiencing higher exponential growth, spread rate and faster colonization of new municipalities than Atlantic countries. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend that EU Mediterranean countries consider declaration of the monk Parakeet as invasive alien species of regional concern, and develop coordinated efforts to monitor and manage the species, taking advantage of the low population sizes in most municipalities. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Reproductive timing as a constraint on invasion success in the Ring-necked Parakeet (Psittacula krameri)
Biological Invasions, 2017Co-Authors: Álvaro Luna, Assaf Shwartz, Diederik Strubbe, Emiliano Mori, Dailos Hernández-brito, Michael P. Braun, Detlev Franz, Yariv Malihi, Asaf Kaplan, Mattia MenchettiAbstract:Climate similarity favors biological invasion, but a match between seasonality in the novel range and the timing of life cycle events of the invader also influences the outcome of species introduction. Yet, phenology effects on invasion success have generally been neglected. Here we study whether a phenological mismatch limits the non-native range of a globally successful invader, the Ring-necked Parakeet, in Europe. Given the latitudes at which Parakeets have established across Europe, they breed earlier than expected based on breeding dates from the native Asian range. Moreover, comparing the breeding dates of European populations to those of Parakeets in the native Asian range, to five native breeding bird species in Europe and to the start of the growing season of four native European trees shows that the discrepancy between expected and actual breeding phenology is greater in northern Europe. In northern European populations, this temporal mismatch appears to have negative effects on hatching success, and on population growth rates in years that are colder than average in the first six months. Phenological mismatch also can explain why Parakeets from African populations (that are more likely to breed in autumn) have been poor invaders compared to Parakeets from Asia. These lines of evidence support the hypothesis that the reproductive phenology of the Ring-necked Parakeet can be a limiting factor for establishment and range expansion in colder climates. Our results provide growing support for the hypothesis that the match between climate seasonality and timing of reproduction (or other important life cycle events) can affect the establishment success, invasive potential and distribution range of introduced non-native species, beyond the mere effect of climate similarity.
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unrelenting spread of the alien monk Parakeet myiopsitta monachus in israel is it time to sound the alarm
Pest Management Science, 2017Co-Authors: Jose Luis Postigo, Assaf Shwartz, Diederik Strubbe, Antonioroman MunozAbstract:BACKGROUND: Monk Parakeets, Myiopsitta monachus Boddaert, are native to South America but have established populations in North America, Europe, Africa and Asia. They are claimed to act as agricultural pests in their native range, and their communal stick nests may damage human infrastructure. Although several monk Parakeet populations are present in the Mediterranean Basin and temperate Europe, little empirical data are available on their population size and growth, distribution and potential impact. We investigated the temporal and spatial dynamics of monk Parakeets in Israel to assess their invasion success and potential impact on agriculture. RESULTS: Monk Parakeet populations are growing exponentially at a higher rate than that reported elsewhere. The current Israeli population of monk Parakeets comprises approximately 1500 individuals. The distribution of the species has increased and shifted from predominantly urban areas to agricultural landscapes. CONCLUSIONS: In Israel, monk Parakeet populations are growing fast and have dispersed rapidly from cities to agricultural areas. At present, reports of agricultural damage are scarce. A complete assessment of possible management strategies is urgently needed before the population becomes too large and widespread to allow for cost-effective mitigation campaigns to be implemented. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Monk Parakeet invasion success: a role for nest thermoregulation and bactericidal potential of plant nest material?
Biological Invasions, 2016Co-Authors: Ivan Réus Viana, Diederik Strubbe, Jairo José ZoccheAbstract:Invasive species are a global threat to biodiversity, economy and human wellbeing. To mitigate these threats, identifying and halting the introduction of potentially invasive species is crucial. Although progress has been made in elucidating mechanisms underlying invasion success, the role of species behavioral strategies has only received scant attention. Here, we use the invasion of monk Parakeets in Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil to study whether behavioral strategies such as nest thermoregulation and the ability to self-medicate against pathogens contribute to the establishment success of invading species. We relate data on monk Parakeet reproductive success to ambient temperatures in- and outside nesting chambers and test the bactericidal potential of plants transported to the nest by breeding monk Parakeets. Compared to breeding data from other invaded ranges and parts of the species’ native range, our results suggest both thermoregulation and the use of bactericidal plants could potentially influence monk Parakeet reproductive success. Thermoregulation maintains stable temperatures of incubator chambers compared to large fluctuations (especially hotter extremes) outside the nest. At least one of the plants brought to the nest effectively inhibited growth of pathogenic bacteria. The union of these two factors could increase reproductive rates and may consequently aid the expansion of the species in new non-native environments.
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an overlooked invader ecological niche invasion success and range dynamics of the alexandrine Parakeet in the invaded range
Biological Invasions, 2016Co-Authors: Leonardo Ancillotto, Diederik Strubbe, Mattia Menchetti, Emiliano MoriAbstract:Parrots and Parakeets (Aves, Psittaciformes) are prominent among avian invaders, as more than 16 % of living species are currently breeding with at least one population outside their native range. Most studies have been carried out on ring-necked and monk Parakeets, as they are the most successful invasive parrots globally. Recently, however, reports of invasive Alexandrine Parakeet Psittacula eupatria have increased. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the current occurrence of Alexandrine Parakeets outside the natural range and assess the degree of niche conservatism during the invasion process. Our results show that Alexandrine Parakeets have established invasive populations predominantly in Europe, parts of the Middle east and Far Eastern countries such as Japan and Singapore. During the ongoing invasion of Europe, the Alexandrine Parakeet considerably expanded its niche into colder climates with respect to those occupied in the native range. Our results offer some support to the hypothesis that interspecific facilitation with previously established ring-necked Parakeets Psittacula krameri may contribute to niche expansion and invasion success of congeneric Alexandrine Parakeets. Species Distribution Models including both native and invaded range occurrence data predict a high invasion risk across multiple parts of the globe where the species is currently not yet present, thus indicating a high potential for the species for further invasion success and range expansion.
Emiliano Mori - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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loud callings limit human tolerance towards invasive Parakeets in urban areas
Urban Ecosystems, 2020Co-Authors: Emiliano Mori, Gianluca Onorati, Silvia GiuntiniAbstract:Biological invasions represent today one of the main cause of the global biodiversity crisis, particularly in urban and suburban areas. Research on this topic have traditionally focused on ecological impacts, with poor regards to the social components. The ring-necked Parakeet Psittacula krameri is one of the most successful invaders and it is widely appreciated by the general public, being introduced through the pet trade. In this work we assessed whether long-term introduction, total population size and number of loud flight-calls affected social perception of this species in three populations from Italian cities. We used a visual survey (N = 414 questionnaires), which has been proven to be successful for testing attitudes on ring-necked Parakeets. Tolerance towards this invasive species declined sharply with increasing number of loud calls by this species, thus providing support to the hypothesis of involvement of the ring-necked Parakeet in noise pollution. Conversely, total population size and years since the first local introduction were not found out to be important variable determining social attitudes. Awareness on invasive species impacts is mostly obtained only when invasive populations are already affecting native biodiversity and human wellness, thus when management becomes challenging. Thus, at early invasion stages, intervention towards invasive species, particularly if charismatic, are often hampered by social public and animal right movements, especially in urban ecosystems. Educational campaigns on ecological and social impact by invasive alien species in urban ecosystems are therefore strongly recommended to implement effective management actions.
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some like it alien predation on invasive ring necked Parakeets by the long eared owl in an urban area
Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, 2020Co-Authors: Emiliano Mori, L Malfatti, Le M Louarn, Hernandez D Brito, Ten B Cate, M Ricci, Mattia MenchettiAbstract:espanolLa presion predatoria que ejercen las especies nativas puede limitar la propagacion de especies invasoras exoticas y, en consecuencia, tener un papel decisivo en los efectos y la aplicacion de estrategias de gestion. La cotorra de Kramer, Psittacula krameri, es una de las especies de aves exoticas mas extendida de Europa, donde tiene cerca de 70 poblaciones establecidas. Entre los depredadores de esta especie se encuentran rapaces diurnas, corvidos sinantropicos y roedores. En este estudio observamos por primera vez que el buho chico, Asio otus, puede cazar cotorras en sus dormideros. El analisis de 167 excrementos de buho chico mostro que las cotorras de Kramer constituyen el 10 % de volumen total de la dieta de estos buhos en invierno (32,93 % de frecuencia absoluta) y son la presa mas importante despues de los roedores muridos y las aves paseriformes. Es necesario seguir estudiando esta cuestion para analizar si el consumo de cotorras de Kramer por el buho chico es solo un fenomeno local o si se ha generalizado en las ciudades europeas. En ese caso, es posible que, la depredacion por el buho chico termine suponiendo una forma de control de la cotorra y limite el impacto de esta especie introducida en la biodiversidad autoctona. EnglishPredation pressure by native species may limit the spread of alien invasive species, thus playing a pivotal role in the impact and implementation of management strategies. The ring–necked Parakeet Psittacula krameri is one of the most widespread alien bird species in Europe, with nearly 70 established populations. Predators of this species include diurnal raptors, synanthropic corvids, and rodents. Here we report for the first time that long–eared owls Asio otus might have preyed upon Parakeets in their night roosts. Analysis of 167 owl pellets showed that ring–necked Parakeets made up over 10% of the total volume of the diet of these owls in winter (32.93% of absolute frequency), representing the most important prey species after murid rodents and passerine birds. Further studies are needed to investigate whether Parakeet consumption by long–eared owls is only a local occurrence or whether it is widespread in European cities. If so, predation by long–eared owl may eventually lead to a form of Parakeet control and may limit the impact of this introduced Parakeet on native biodiversity.
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Mediterranean versus Atlantic monk Parakeets Myiopsitta monachus: towards differentiated management at the European scale.
Pest Management Science, 2019Co-Authors: Jose Luis Postigo, Diederik Strubbe, Emiliano Mori, Leonardo Ancillotto, Inês Carneiro, P. Latsoudis, Mattia Menchetti, Liviu G. Pârâu, Dave Parrott, Luís ReinoAbstract:BACKGROUND: The monk Parakeet Myiopsitta monachus (Boddaert), native to South America, is an invasive species in several European countries, causing crop damage and potential negative impacts on wildlife. Only Spain and Great Britain have regulations to control monk Parakeets, thus fast growth and spread of populations are likely to occur on a wide scale. The aims of this research are to update information on the distribution and population size of monk Parakeets in Europe, assess whether differences in population growth or spread rate exist between populations, and provide recommendations to decision-makers. RESULTS: Our study estimates that there are 23 758 monk Parakeets in the wild, across 179 municipalities in eight European Union (EU) countries; 84% of these municipalities hold between 1 and 100 monk Parakeets. All countries with a representative historical record are experiencing exponential growth of monk Parakeets. Mediterranean countries are experiencing higher exponential growth, spread rate and faster colonization of new municipalities than Atlantic countries. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend that EU Mediterranean countries consider declaration of the monk Parakeet as invasive alien species of regional concern, and develop coordinated efforts to monitor and manage the species, taking advantage of the low population sizes in most municipalities. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Reproductive timing as a constraint on invasion success in the Ring-necked Parakeet (Psittacula krameri)
Biological Invasions, 2017Co-Authors: Álvaro Luna, Assaf Shwartz, Diederik Strubbe, Emiliano Mori, Dailos Hernández-brito, Michael P. Braun, Detlev Franz, Yariv Malihi, Asaf Kaplan, Mattia MenchettiAbstract:Climate similarity favors biological invasion, but a match between seasonality in the novel range and the timing of life cycle events of the invader also influences the outcome of species introduction. Yet, phenology effects on invasion success have generally been neglected. Here we study whether a phenological mismatch limits the non-native range of a globally successful invader, the Ring-necked Parakeet, in Europe. Given the latitudes at which Parakeets have established across Europe, they breed earlier than expected based on breeding dates from the native Asian range. Moreover, comparing the breeding dates of European populations to those of Parakeets in the native Asian range, to five native breeding bird species in Europe and to the start of the growing season of four native European trees shows that the discrepancy between expected and actual breeding phenology is greater in northern Europe. In northern European populations, this temporal mismatch appears to have negative effects on hatching success, and on population growth rates in years that are colder than average in the first six months. Phenological mismatch also can explain why Parakeets from African populations (that are more likely to breed in autumn) have been poor invaders compared to Parakeets from Asia. These lines of evidence support the hypothesis that the reproductive phenology of the Ring-necked Parakeet can be a limiting factor for establishment and range expansion in colder climates. Our results provide growing support for the hypothesis that the match between climate seasonality and timing of reproduction (or other important life cycle events) can affect the establishment success, invasive potential and distribution range of introduced non-native species, beyond the mere effect of climate similarity.
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an overlooked invader ecological niche invasion success and range dynamics of the alexandrine Parakeet in the invaded range
Biological Invasions, 2016Co-Authors: Leonardo Ancillotto, Diederik Strubbe, Mattia Menchetti, Emiliano MoriAbstract:Parrots and Parakeets (Aves, Psittaciformes) are prominent among avian invaders, as more than 16 % of living species are currently breeding with at least one population outside their native range. Most studies have been carried out on ring-necked and monk Parakeets, as they are the most successful invasive parrots globally. Recently, however, reports of invasive Alexandrine Parakeet Psittacula eupatria have increased. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the current occurrence of Alexandrine Parakeets outside the natural range and assess the degree of niche conservatism during the invasion process. Our results show that Alexandrine Parakeets have established invasive populations predominantly in Europe, parts of the Middle east and Far Eastern countries such as Japan and Singapore. During the ongoing invasion of Europe, the Alexandrine Parakeet considerably expanded its niche into colder climates with respect to those occupied in the native range. Our results offer some support to the hypothesis that interspecific facilitation with previously established ring-necked Parakeets Psittacula krameri may contribute to niche expansion and invasion success of congeneric Alexandrine Parakeets. Species Distribution Models including both native and invaded range occurrence data predict a high invasion risk across multiple parts of the globe where the species is currently not yet present, thus indicating a high potential for the species for further invasion success and range expansion.
Antonioroman Munoz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Legal International Wildlife Trade Favours Invasive Species Establishment: The Monk and Ring-Necked Parakeets in Spain
Ardeola, 2018Co-Authors: Lucrecia Souviron-priego, Antonioroman Munoz, J. Mario Vargas, Jesus Olivero, John E. FaAbstract:The international wildlife trade is a lucrative business. Although a huge variety of animal groups are trafficked, the Psittaciformes (parrots) are amongst the most traded avian groups. Deliberate or accidental releases of imported parrots have led to the establishment of feral populations in many countries. Far from their native habitats, parrots may cause economic and ecological damage, and may even favour the transmission of zoonotic diseases. Despite this, the links between numbers of imported individuals and the establishment of non-native populations is not well known. In this study, we analysed data on imports of two well-known invasive parrots, the Monk Parakeet Myiopsitamonachus and the Ring-necked Parakeet Psittacula krameri, in Spain. We contrasted this information with the growth of known naturalised populations of these species from 1975 to 2015 and compared the success of these two species with other Psittaciformes imported in similar numbers into the country. We show that more than 190,000 Monk Parakeets were imported from Uruguay and Argentina, and almost 63,000 Ring-necked Parakeets were legally brought into the country from Pakistan and Senegal. For both species, wild populations grew exponentially following peak importation periods in 2015 (18,980–21,455 Monk Parakeets and 3,005–3,115 Ring-necked Parakeets). Even though imports of the two species were banned in Spain in 2005, wild populations are now self-sustaining. We argue that these parrot populations started from accidental and deliberate bird escapes, especially from birds originally captured in the wild. Although lack of more precise data makes it difficult for us to propose clear statistical associations between imports and established bird populations, we nonetheless suggest that the international trade is with some certainty the main cause for the origin of naturalised populations of invasive species in Spain. Our conclusions are useful to help manage similar animal groups that are numerous in the wildlife trade, especially for wild-caught social species.—Lucrecia Souviron-Priego, Antonio Roman Munoz, Jesus Olivero, J. Mario Vargas & John E. Fa. (2018). The legal international wildlife trade favours invasive species establishment: the Monk and Ring-neked Parakeets in Spain. Ardeola, 65: 233–246.
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unrelenting spread of the alien monk Parakeet myiopsitta monachus in israel is it time to sound the alarm
Pest Management Science, 2017Co-Authors: Jose Luis Postigo, Assaf Shwartz, Diederik Strubbe, Antonioroman MunozAbstract:BACKGROUND: Monk Parakeets, Myiopsitta monachus Boddaert, are native to South America but have established populations in North America, Europe, Africa and Asia. They are claimed to act as agricultural pests in their native range, and their communal stick nests may damage human infrastructure. Although several monk Parakeet populations are present in the Mediterranean Basin and temperate Europe, little empirical data are available on their population size and growth, distribution and potential impact. We investigated the temporal and spatial dynamics of monk Parakeets in Israel to assess their invasion success and potential impact on agriculture. RESULTS: Monk Parakeet populations are growing exponentially at a higher rate than that reported elsewhere. The current Israeli population of monk Parakeets comprises approximately 1500 individuals. The distribution of the species has increased and shifted from predominantly urban areas to agricultural landscapes. CONCLUSIONS: In Israel, monk Parakeet populations are growing fast and have dispersed rapidly from cities to agricultural areas. At present, reports of agricultural damage are scarce. A complete assessment of possible management strategies is urgently needed before the population becomes too large and widespread to allow for cost-effective mitigation campaigns to be implemented. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Mattia Menchetti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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some like it alien predation on invasive ring necked Parakeets by the long eared owl in an urban area
Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, 2020Co-Authors: Emiliano Mori, L Malfatti, Le M Louarn, Hernandez D Brito, Ten B Cate, M Ricci, Mattia MenchettiAbstract:espanolLa presion predatoria que ejercen las especies nativas puede limitar la propagacion de especies invasoras exoticas y, en consecuencia, tener un papel decisivo en los efectos y la aplicacion de estrategias de gestion. La cotorra de Kramer, Psittacula krameri, es una de las especies de aves exoticas mas extendida de Europa, donde tiene cerca de 70 poblaciones establecidas. Entre los depredadores de esta especie se encuentran rapaces diurnas, corvidos sinantropicos y roedores. En este estudio observamos por primera vez que el buho chico, Asio otus, puede cazar cotorras en sus dormideros. El analisis de 167 excrementos de buho chico mostro que las cotorras de Kramer constituyen el 10 % de volumen total de la dieta de estos buhos en invierno (32,93 % de frecuencia absoluta) y son la presa mas importante despues de los roedores muridos y las aves paseriformes. Es necesario seguir estudiando esta cuestion para analizar si el consumo de cotorras de Kramer por el buho chico es solo un fenomeno local o si se ha generalizado en las ciudades europeas. En ese caso, es posible que, la depredacion por el buho chico termine suponiendo una forma de control de la cotorra y limite el impacto de esta especie introducida en la biodiversidad autoctona. EnglishPredation pressure by native species may limit the spread of alien invasive species, thus playing a pivotal role in the impact and implementation of management strategies. The ring–necked Parakeet Psittacula krameri is one of the most widespread alien bird species in Europe, with nearly 70 established populations. Predators of this species include diurnal raptors, synanthropic corvids, and rodents. Here we report for the first time that long–eared owls Asio otus might have preyed upon Parakeets in their night roosts. Analysis of 167 owl pellets showed that ring–necked Parakeets made up over 10% of the total volume of the diet of these owls in winter (32.93% of absolute frequency), representing the most important prey species after murid rodents and passerine birds. Further studies are needed to investigate whether Parakeet consumption by long–eared owls is only a local occurrence or whether it is widespread in European cities. If so, predation by long–eared owl may eventually lead to a form of Parakeet control and may limit the impact of this introduced Parakeet on native biodiversity.
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Mediterranean versus Atlantic monk Parakeets Myiopsitta monachus: towards differentiated management at the European scale.
Pest Management Science, 2019Co-Authors: Jose Luis Postigo, Diederik Strubbe, Emiliano Mori, Leonardo Ancillotto, Inês Carneiro, P. Latsoudis, Mattia Menchetti, Liviu G. Pârâu, Dave Parrott, Luís ReinoAbstract:BACKGROUND: The monk Parakeet Myiopsitta monachus (Boddaert), native to South America, is an invasive species in several European countries, causing crop damage and potential negative impacts on wildlife. Only Spain and Great Britain have regulations to control monk Parakeets, thus fast growth and spread of populations are likely to occur on a wide scale. The aims of this research are to update information on the distribution and population size of monk Parakeets in Europe, assess whether differences in population growth or spread rate exist between populations, and provide recommendations to decision-makers. RESULTS: Our study estimates that there are 23 758 monk Parakeets in the wild, across 179 municipalities in eight European Union (EU) countries; 84% of these municipalities hold between 1 and 100 monk Parakeets. All countries with a representative historical record are experiencing exponential growth of monk Parakeets. Mediterranean countries are experiencing higher exponential growth, spread rate and faster colonization of new municipalities than Atlantic countries. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend that EU Mediterranean countries consider declaration of the monk Parakeet as invasive alien species of regional concern, and develop coordinated efforts to monitor and manage the species, taking advantage of the low population sizes in most municipalities. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Reproductive timing as a constraint on invasion success in the Ring-necked Parakeet (Psittacula krameri)
Biological Invasions, 2017Co-Authors: Álvaro Luna, Assaf Shwartz, Diederik Strubbe, Emiliano Mori, Dailos Hernández-brito, Michael P. Braun, Detlev Franz, Yariv Malihi, Asaf Kaplan, Mattia MenchettiAbstract:Climate similarity favors biological invasion, but a match between seasonality in the novel range and the timing of life cycle events of the invader also influences the outcome of species introduction. Yet, phenology effects on invasion success have generally been neglected. Here we study whether a phenological mismatch limits the non-native range of a globally successful invader, the Ring-necked Parakeet, in Europe. Given the latitudes at which Parakeets have established across Europe, they breed earlier than expected based on breeding dates from the native Asian range. Moreover, comparing the breeding dates of European populations to those of Parakeets in the native Asian range, to five native breeding bird species in Europe and to the start of the growing season of four native European trees shows that the discrepancy between expected and actual breeding phenology is greater in northern Europe. In northern European populations, this temporal mismatch appears to have negative effects on hatching success, and on population growth rates in years that are colder than average in the first six months. Phenological mismatch also can explain why Parakeets from African populations (that are more likely to breed in autumn) have been poor invaders compared to Parakeets from Asia. These lines of evidence support the hypothesis that the reproductive phenology of the Ring-necked Parakeet can be a limiting factor for establishment and range expansion in colder climates. Our results provide growing support for the hypothesis that the match between climate seasonality and timing of reproduction (or other important life cycle events) can affect the establishment success, invasive potential and distribution range of introduced non-native species, beyond the mere effect of climate similarity.
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an overlooked invader ecological niche invasion success and range dynamics of the alexandrine Parakeet in the invaded range
Biological Invasions, 2016Co-Authors: Leonardo Ancillotto, Diederik Strubbe, Mattia Menchetti, Emiliano MoriAbstract:Parrots and Parakeets (Aves, Psittaciformes) are prominent among avian invaders, as more than 16 % of living species are currently breeding with at least one population outside their native range. Most studies have been carried out on ring-necked and monk Parakeets, as they are the most successful invasive parrots globally. Recently, however, reports of invasive Alexandrine Parakeet Psittacula eupatria have increased. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the current occurrence of Alexandrine Parakeets outside the natural range and assess the degree of niche conservatism during the invasion process. Our results show that Alexandrine Parakeets have established invasive populations predominantly in Europe, parts of the Middle east and Far Eastern countries such as Japan and Singapore. During the ongoing invasion of Europe, the Alexandrine Parakeet considerably expanded its niche into colder climates with respect to those occupied in the native range. Our results offer some support to the hypothesis that interspecific facilitation with previously established ring-necked Parakeets Psittacula krameri may contribute to niche expansion and invasion success of congeneric Alexandrine Parakeets. Species Distribution Models including both native and invaded range occurrence data predict a high invasion risk across multiple parts of the globe where the species is currently not yet present, thus indicating a high potential for the species for further invasion success and range expansion.
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Macroparasites of introduced Parakeets in Italy: a possible role for parasite-mediated competition
Parasitology Research, 2015Co-Authors: Emiliano Mori, Leonardo Ancillotto, Jim Groombridge, Theresa Howard, Vincent S. Smith, Mattia MenchettiAbstract:Alien species are considered a cause of biodiversity loss throughout the world. An important but often overlooked form of competition with native species is the parasite-mediated one. Introduced species may bring their own parasites from their native ranges (spillover) or get native parasites from native species, thus increasing the parasites’ spread and transmission risk (spillback). Thus, a complete knowledge of parasites hosted by introduced species is important to assess and to possibly prevent impacts. Ring-necked and monk Parakeets have been introduced in many European countries, where they established a number of alien reproductive populations. We sampled 21 ring-necked Parakeets and 7 monk Parakeets from Italy and identified 35 arthropod ectoparasites belonging to five species. Amongst those, one species was native to India ( Neopsittaconirmus lybartota ), where alien populations of ring-necked Parakeet may have been originated, and one species from South America ( Paragoniocotes fulvofasciatus ), which is typically found of the monk Parakeet in its native range. The other three species of arthropod parasites were native to Italy and commonly found on native species, suggesting the possibility of spillback processes.
Martina Carrete - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a protective nesting association with native species counteracts biotic resistance for the spread of an invasive Parakeet from urban into rural habitats
Frontiers in Zoology, 2020Co-Authors: Dailos Hernandezbrito, José Luis Tella, Guillermo Blanco, Martina CarreteAbstract:Non-native species are often introduced in cities, where they take advantage of microclimatic conditions, resources provided by humans, and competitor/predator release to establish and proliferate. However, native communities in the surrounding rural or natural areas usually halt their spread through biotic resistance, mainly via top-down regulative processes (predation pressure). Here, we show an unusual commensal interaction between exotic and native bird species that favours the spread of the former from urban to rural habitats. We show how Monk Parakeets Myiopsitta monachus, an invasive species often introduced in cities worldwide, associated for breeding with a much larger, native species (the white stork Ciconia ciconia) to reduce predation risk in central Spain, thus allowing their colonization of rural areas. Parakeets selected stork nests close to conspecifics and where breeding raptors were less abundant. Parakeets always flushed when raptors approached their nests when breeding alone, but stayed at their nests when breeding in association with storks. Moreover, when storks abandoned a nest, Parakeets abandoned it in the following year, suggesting that storks actually confer protection against predators. Our results show how a protective-nesting association between invasive and native species can counteract biotic resistance to allow the spread of an invasive species across non-urban habitats, where they may become crop pests. Monk Parakeet populations are now growing exponentially in several cities in several Mediterranean countries, where they coexist with white storks. Therefore, management plans should consider this risk of spread into rural areas and favour native predators as potential biological controllers.
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Nest-site competition and killing by invasive Parakeets cause the decline of a threatened bat population
Royal Society open science, 2018Co-Authors: Dailos Hernández-brito, Martina Carrete, Carlos F. Ibáñez, Javier Juste, José Luis TellaAbstract:The identification of effects of invasive species is challenging owing to their multifaceted impacts on native biota. Negative impacts are most often reflected in individual fitness rather than in population dynamics of native species and are less expected in low-biodiversity habitats, such as urban environments. We report the long-term effects of invasive rose-ringed Parakeets on the largest known population of a threatened bat species, the greater noctule, located in an urban park. Both species share preferences for the same tree cavities for breeding. While the number of Parakeet nests increased by a factor of 20 in 14 years, the number of trees occupied by noctules declined by 81%. Parakeets occupied most cavities previously used by noctules, and spatial analyses showed that noctules tried to avoid cavities close to Parakeets. Parakeets were highly aggressive towards noctules, trying to occupy their cavities, often resulting in noctule death. This led to a dramatic population decline, but also an unusual aggregation of the occupied trees, probably disrupting the complex social behaviour of this bat species. These results indicate a strong impact through site displacement and killing of competitors, and highlight the need for long-term research to identify unexpected impacts that would otherwise be overlooked.
