The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Arvind Varsani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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molecular characterisation of an avihepadnavirus isolated from Psittacula krameri ring necked parrot
Archives of Virology, 2012Co-Authors: Tomasz Piasecki, Brigitta Kurenbach, Klaudia Chrząstek, Karolina Julia Bednarek, Simona Kraberger, Darren P Martin, Arvind VarsaniAbstract:Avihepadnaviruses have been documented previously in ducks, herons, geese, storks and cranes. Here, we describe the full genome of a new avihepadnavirus isolated from Psittacula krameri (ring-necked parrot) in Poland. The parrot hepatitis B virus (PHBV) genome (3042 bp) shares <76% sequence identity with other avihepadnavirus isolates and is phylogenetically most closely related to heron and stork hepatitis B viruses isolates. PHBV has a genome organization similar to that of other hepadnaviruses and contains ORFs for a preC/C, preS/S and polyprotein. Additionally, we identified an X-like ORF in the genome of PHBV. The full-genome data will be useful in developing screening tools for avihepadnaviruses in parrots.
Carl G. Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a parakeet specimen held at national museums scotland is a unique skin of the extinct reunion parakeet Psittacula eques eques a reply to cheke and jansen
Ibis, 2019Co-Authors: Carl G. Jones, Ry Mcgowan, Julian P Hume, Hazel A Jackson, Joseph M Forshaw, Vikash Tatayah, Ria Winters, Jim J GroombridgeAbstract:This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Jones, C. G., Jackson, H. A., McGowan, R. Y., Hume, J. P., Forshaw, J. M., Tatayah, V. , Winters, R. and Groombridge, J. J. (2019), A parakeet specimen held at National Museums Scotland is a unique skin of the extinct Reunion Parakeet Psittacula eques eques: a reply to Cheke and Jansen (). Ibis, 161: 230-238. doi:10.1111/ibi.12673, which has been published in final form at doi:10.1111/ibi.12673. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.
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the evolution of the indian ocean parrots psittaciformes extinction adaptive radiation and eustacy
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2012Co-Authors: Samit Kundu, Robert P Prysjones, Carl G. Jones, Jim J GroombridgeAbstract:Parrots are among the most recognisable and widely distributed of all bird groups occupying major parts of the tropics. The evolution of the genera that are found in and around the Indian Ocean region is particularly interesting as they show a high degree of heterogeneity in distribution and levels of speciation. Here we present a molecular phylogenetic analysis of Indian Ocean parrots, identifying the possible geological and geographical factors that influenced their evolution. We hypothesise that the Indian Ocean islands acted as stepping stones in the radiation of the Old-World parrots, and that sea-level changes may have been an important determinant of current distributions and differences in speciation. A multi-locus phylogeny showing the evolutionary relationships among genera highlights the interesting position of the monotypic Psittrichas, which shares a common ancestor with the geographically distant Coracopsis. An extensive species-level molecular phylogeny indicates a complex pattern of radiation including evidence for colonisation of Africa, Asia and the Indian Ocean islands from Australasia via multiple routes, and of island populations ‘seeding’ continents. Moreover, comparison of estimated divergence dates and sea-level changes points to the latter as a factor in parrot speciation. This is the first study to include the extinct parrot taxa, Mascarinus mascarinus and Psittacula wardi which, respectively, appear closely related to Coracopsis nigra and Psittacula eupatria.
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characterization of mauritius parakeet Psittacula eques microsatellite loci and their cross utility in other parrots psittacidae aves
Molecular Ecology Resources, 2009Co-Authors: Claire Raisin, Carl G. Jones, Deborah A Dawson, Andrew Greenwood, Jim J GroombridgeAbstract:We characterized 21 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the endangered Mauritius parakeet (Psittacula eques). Loci were isolated from a Mauritius parakeet genomic library that had been enriched separately for eight different repeat motifs. Loci were characterized in up to 43 putatively unrelated Mauritius parakeets from a single population inhabiting the Black River Gorges National Park, Mauritius. Each locus displayed between three and nine alleles, with the observed heterozygosity ranging between 0.39 and 0.96. All loci were tested in 10 other parrot species. Despite testing few individuals, between seven and 21 loci were polymorphic in each of seven species tested.
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Molecular phylogeny and morphological change in the Psittacula parakeets.
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 2004Co-Authors: Jim J Groombridge, Carl G. Jones, Richard A. Nichols, Mark B. L. Carlton, Michael William BrufordAbstract:We reconstruct a phylogeny of the African and Asian Psittacula parakeets using approximately 800 bp of mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence to examine their evolutionary relationships in reference to their head plumage and major morphological tail innovations. Our phylogeny identifies three groups, whose distinctiveness is also apparent from their possession of three different head plumage characters: a neck ring, a distinctive colouration of the head, and a ‘moustache’-shaped pattern that extends from the chin to the cheek. We examine the extent of sexual dimorphism in tail length across the phylogeny and reveal large differences between closely related forms. We apply a range of published avian cytochrome b substitution rates to our data, as an alternative to internal calibration of a molecular clock arising from incomplete paleontological information. An ancestral Psittacula form appears to have evolved during the late Miocene-early Pliocene (3.4–9.7 MYA), a time when regional geological processes on the Asian continent may have promoted subsequent diversity at the species level, and many forms diverged relatively early on in the evolutionary history of Psittacula (between 2.5 and 7.7 MYA). However, others, such as the derbyan and moustached parakeets, diverged as recently as 0.2 MYA. Our phylogeny also suggests that the echo parakeet from Mauritius diverged from the Indian ringneck parakeet as opposed to the African ringneck, and may have done so relatively recently. The molecular results indicate support for a southwards radiation from India across the Indian Ocean to Mauritius, where the arrival-date of the echo parakeet appears consistent with the island’s volcanic formation.
Jim J Groombridge - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a parakeet specimen held at national museums scotland is a unique skin of the extinct reunion parakeet Psittacula eques eques a reply to cheke and jansen
Ibis, 2019Co-Authors: Carl G. Jones, Ry Mcgowan, Julian P Hume, Hazel A Jackson, Joseph M Forshaw, Vikash Tatayah, Ria Winters, Jim J GroombridgeAbstract:This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Jones, C. G., Jackson, H. A., McGowan, R. Y., Hume, J. P., Forshaw, J. M., Tatayah, V. , Winters, R. and Groombridge, J. J. (2019), A parakeet specimen held at National Museums Scotland is a unique skin of the extinct Reunion Parakeet Psittacula eques eques: a reply to Cheke and Jansen (). Ibis, 161: 230-238. doi:10.1111/ibi.12673, which has been published in final form at doi:10.1111/ibi.12673. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.
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the evolution of the indian ocean parrots psittaciformes extinction adaptive radiation and eustacy
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2012Co-Authors: Samit Kundu, Robert P Prysjones, Carl G. Jones, Jim J GroombridgeAbstract:Parrots are among the most recognisable and widely distributed of all bird groups occupying major parts of the tropics. The evolution of the genera that are found in and around the Indian Ocean region is particularly interesting as they show a high degree of heterogeneity in distribution and levels of speciation. Here we present a molecular phylogenetic analysis of Indian Ocean parrots, identifying the possible geological and geographical factors that influenced their evolution. We hypothesise that the Indian Ocean islands acted as stepping stones in the radiation of the Old-World parrots, and that sea-level changes may have been an important determinant of current distributions and differences in speciation. A multi-locus phylogeny showing the evolutionary relationships among genera highlights the interesting position of the monotypic Psittrichas, which shares a common ancestor with the geographically distant Coracopsis. An extensive species-level molecular phylogeny indicates a complex pattern of radiation including evidence for colonisation of Africa, Asia and the Indian Ocean islands from Australasia via multiple routes, and of island populations ‘seeding’ continents. Moreover, comparison of estimated divergence dates and sea-level changes points to the latter as a factor in parrot speciation. This is the first study to include the extinct parrot taxa, Mascarinus mascarinus and Psittacula wardi which, respectively, appear closely related to Coracopsis nigra and Psittacula eupatria.
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characterization of mauritius parakeet Psittacula eques microsatellite loci and their cross utility in other parrots psittacidae aves
Molecular Ecology Resources, 2009Co-Authors: Claire Raisin, Carl G. Jones, Deborah A Dawson, Andrew Greenwood, Jim J GroombridgeAbstract:We characterized 21 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the endangered Mauritius parakeet (Psittacula eques). Loci were isolated from a Mauritius parakeet genomic library that had been enriched separately for eight different repeat motifs. Loci were characterized in up to 43 putatively unrelated Mauritius parakeets from a single population inhabiting the Black River Gorges National Park, Mauritius. Each locus displayed between three and nine alleles, with the observed heterozygosity ranging between 0.39 and 0.96. All loci were tested in 10 other parrot species. Despite testing few individuals, between seven and 21 loci were polymorphic in each of seven species tested.
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Molecular phylogeny and morphological change in the Psittacula parakeets.
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 2004Co-Authors: Jim J Groombridge, Carl G. Jones, Richard A. Nichols, Mark B. L. Carlton, Michael William BrufordAbstract:We reconstruct a phylogeny of the African and Asian Psittacula parakeets using approximately 800 bp of mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence to examine their evolutionary relationships in reference to their head plumage and major morphological tail innovations. Our phylogeny identifies three groups, whose distinctiveness is also apparent from their possession of three different head plumage characters: a neck ring, a distinctive colouration of the head, and a ‘moustache’-shaped pattern that extends from the chin to the cheek. We examine the extent of sexual dimorphism in tail length across the phylogeny and reveal large differences between closely related forms. We apply a range of published avian cytochrome b substitution rates to our data, as an alternative to internal calibration of a molecular clock arising from incomplete paleontological information. An ancestral Psittacula form appears to have evolved during the late Miocene-early Pliocene (3.4–9.7 MYA), a time when regional geological processes on the Asian continent may have promoted subsequent diversity at the species level, and many forms diverged relatively early on in the evolutionary history of Psittacula (between 2.5 and 7.7 MYA). However, others, such as the derbyan and moustached parakeets, diverged as recently as 0.2 MYA. Our phylogeny also suggests that the echo parakeet from Mauritius diverged from the Indian ringneck parakeet as opposed to the African ringneck, and may have done so relatively recently. The molecular results indicate support for a southwards radiation from India across the Indian Ocean to Mauritius, where the arrival-date of the echo parakeet appears consistent with the island’s volcanic formation.
Emiliano Mori - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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some like it alien predation on invasive ring necked parakeets by the long eared owl in an urban area
Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, 2020Co-Authors: Emiliano Mori, L Malfatti, Le M Louarn, Hernandez D Brito, Ten B Cate, M Ricci, Mattia MenchettiAbstract:espanolLa presion predatoria que ejercen las especies nativas puede limitar la propagacion de especies invasoras exoticas y, en consecuencia, tener un papel decisivo en los efectos y la aplicacion de estrategias de gestion. La cotorra de Kramer, Psittacula krameri, es una de las especies de aves exoticas mas extendida de Europa, donde tiene cerca de 70 poblaciones establecidas. Entre los depredadores de esta especie se encuentran rapaces diurnas, corvidos sinantropicos y roedores. En este estudio observamos por primera vez que el buho chico, Asio otus, puede cazar cotorras en sus dormideros. El analisis de 167 excrementos de buho chico mostro que las cotorras de Kramer constituyen el 10 % de volumen total de la dieta de estos buhos en invierno (32,93 % de frecuencia absoluta) y son la presa mas importante despues de los roedores muridos y las aves paseriformes. Es necesario seguir estudiando esta cuestion para analizar si el consumo de cotorras de Kramer por el buho chico es solo un fenomeno local o si se ha generalizado en las ciudades europeas. En ese caso, es posible que, la depredacion por el buho chico termine suponiendo una forma de control de la cotorra y limite el impacto de esta especie introducida en la biodiversidad autoctona. EnglishPredation pressure by native species may limit the spread of alien invasive species, thus playing a pivotal role in the impact and implementation of management strategies. The ring–necked parakeet Psittacula krameri is one of the most widespread alien bird species in Europe, with nearly 70 established populations. Predators of this species include diurnal raptors, synanthropic corvids, and rodents. Here we report for the first time that long–eared owls Asio otus might have preyed upon parakeets in their night roosts. Analysis of 167 owl pellets showed that ring–necked parakeets made up over 10% of the total volume of the diet of these owls in winter (32.93% of absolute frequency), representing the most important prey species after murid rodents and passerine birds. Further studies are needed to investigate whether parakeet consumption by long–eared owls is only a local occurrence or whether it is widespread in European cities. If so, predation by long–eared owl may eventually lead to a form of parakeet control and may limit the impact of this introduced parakeet on native biodiversity.
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Vertical segregation by breeding ring-necked parakeets Psittacula krameri in northern Italy
Urban Ecosystems, 2018Co-Authors: Gioele Grandi, Mattia Menchetti, Emiliano MoriAbstract:Cavities represent a limiting resource for breeding birds, thus triggering potential competition, mostly in urban ecosystems. The ring-necked parakeet Psittacula krameri is one of the main alien invasive bird species of the world. Introduced populations are reported for over 35 countries, Italy included. This parakeet mainly depends on trunk cavities for reproduction but, occasionally, it may nest within building holes. A growing population of this species is present in the urban area of Pavia (northern Italy). Differently, from what has been observed in other colonies of the global introduced range, most of this urban population nests within the putlog holes of the Visconti castle and surrounding towers, together with four native species. In this work, we counted the breeding pairs of ring-necked parakeets nesting within putlog holes of castle and tower walls and estimated the breeding population size. Observations were carried out once a week, 30 min before sunset, for an hour, from the start of April to the end of August 2016 and 2017. We assessed whether a vertical segregation occurred between parakeets and native species (i.e. the rock pigeon, the jackdaw, the Italian sparrow and the common swift) through a dissimilarity index. Inter-specific interactions have never been observed, despite two pigeon ticks being detected on rescued parakeets. A strong vertical segregation was observed between ring-necked parakeets and pigeons, and between ring-necked parakeets and common swifts. Ring-necked parakeets and jackdaws were mostly observed in the highest putlog holes. No breeding parakeet pair was observed within plain trunk cavities in the surroundings of the castle walls, which were instead occupied by jackdaws and tawny owls. Most parakeet nests were located on the eastern wall, where they receive the first light at dawn.
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Reproductive timing as a constraint on invasion success in the Ring-necked parakeet (Psittacula krameri)
Biological Invasions, 2017Co-Authors: Álvaro Luna, Assaf Shwartz, Diederik Strubbe, Emiliano Mori, Dailos Hernández-brito, Michael P. Braun, Detlev Franz, Yariv Malihi, Asaf Kaplan, Mattia MenchettiAbstract:Climate similarity favors biological invasion, but a match between seasonality in the novel range and the timing of life cycle events of the invader also influences the outcome of species introduction. Yet, phenology effects on invasion success have generally been neglected. Here we study whether a phenological mismatch limits the non-native range of a globally successful invader, the Ring-necked parakeet, in Europe. Given the latitudes at which parakeets have established across Europe, they breed earlier than expected based on breeding dates from the native Asian range. Moreover, comparing the breeding dates of European populations to those of parakeets in the native Asian range, to five native breeding bird species in Europe and to the start of the growing season of four native European trees shows that the discrepancy between expected and actual breeding phenology is greater in northern Europe. In northern European populations, this temporal mismatch appears to have negative effects on hatching success, and on population growth rates in years that are colder than average in the first six months. Phenological mismatch also can explain why parakeets from African populations (that are more likely to breed in autumn) have been poor invaders compared to parakeets from Asia. These lines of evidence support the hypothesis that the reproductive phenology of the Ring-necked parakeet can be a limiting factor for establishment and range expansion in colder climates. Our results provide growing support for the hypothesis that the match between climate seasonality and timing of reproduction (or other important life cycle events) can affect the establishment success, invasive potential and distribution range of introduced non-native species, beyond the mere effect of climate similarity.
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rose ringed parakeet Psittacula krameri populations and numbers in europe a complete overview
The Open Ornithology Journal, 2016Co-Authors: Liviu G Pârâu, Diederik Strubbe, Emiliano Mori, Leonardo Ancillotto, Mattia Menchetti, Álvaro Luna, Andre Van Kleunen, Rachel L White, Dailos Hernandezbrito, Marine Le LouarnAbstract:Alien species are considered one of the major causes contributing to the current loss of biodiversity. Over the past few decades, a large and increasing number of alien species have become invasive in many parts of the world. Their impacts range from competition for resources with native species to damage of urban infrastructure. In Europe, over a thousand alien species are now established, of which 74 are birds. Among 12 established alien parrot species in Europe, the Rose-ringed Parakeet (RRP) Psittacula krameri (Scopoli, 1769) is the most abundant and widespread. Since the 1960's, RRPs have established more than 100 wild populations in several European countries. For Western Europe, long-term demographic data indicate the species has grown considerably in number, although some populations have failed to persist. Data is scarce and dispersed for countries in Central, Eastern and Northern Europe. Therefore, here we present detailed demographic data of RRP for 90 populations in 10 European countries. Furthermore, we present information on the status of the species in another 27 European countries, for which previously no data were published. Our synthesis reveals a positive demographic trend across the continent, although locally, some populations appear to have reached carrying capacity.
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an overlooked invader ecological niche invasion success and range dynamics of the alexandrine parakeet in the invaded range
Biological Invasions, 2016Co-Authors: Leonardo Ancillotto, Diederik Strubbe, Mattia Menchetti, Emiliano MoriAbstract:Parrots and parakeets (Aves, Psittaciformes) are prominent among avian invaders, as more than 16 % of living species are currently breeding with at least one population outside their native range. Most studies have been carried out on ring-necked and monk parakeets, as they are the most successful invasive parrots globally. Recently, however, reports of invasive Alexandrine parakeet Psittacula eupatria have increased. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the current occurrence of Alexandrine parakeets outside the natural range and assess the degree of niche conservatism during the invasion process. Our results show that Alexandrine parakeets have established invasive populations predominantly in Europe, parts of the Middle east and Far Eastern countries such as Japan and Singapore. During the ongoing invasion of Europe, the Alexandrine parakeet considerably expanded its niche into colder climates with respect to those occupied in the native range. Our results offer some support to the hypothesis that interspecific facilitation with previously established ring-necked parakeets Psittacula krameri may contribute to niche expansion and invasion success of congeneric Alexandrine parakeets. Species Distribution Models including both native and invaded range occurrence data predict a high invasion risk across multiple parts of the globe where the species is currently not yet present, thus indicating a high potential for the species for further invasion success and range expansion.
Mattia Menchetti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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some like it alien predation on invasive ring necked parakeets by the long eared owl in an urban area
Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, 2020Co-Authors: Emiliano Mori, L Malfatti, Le M Louarn, Hernandez D Brito, Ten B Cate, M Ricci, Mattia MenchettiAbstract:espanolLa presion predatoria que ejercen las especies nativas puede limitar la propagacion de especies invasoras exoticas y, en consecuencia, tener un papel decisivo en los efectos y la aplicacion de estrategias de gestion. La cotorra de Kramer, Psittacula krameri, es una de las especies de aves exoticas mas extendida de Europa, donde tiene cerca de 70 poblaciones establecidas. Entre los depredadores de esta especie se encuentran rapaces diurnas, corvidos sinantropicos y roedores. En este estudio observamos por primera vez que el buho chico, Asio otus, puede cazar cotorras en sus dormideros. El analisis de 167 excrementos de buho chico mostro que las cotorras de Kramer constituyen el 10 % de volumen total de la dieta de estos buhos en invierno (32,93 % de frecuencia absoluta) y son la presa mas importante despues de los roedores muridos y las aves paseriformes. Es necesario seguir estudiando esta cuestion para analizar si el consumo de cotorras de Kramer por el buho chico es solo un fenomeno local o si se ha generalizado en las ciudades europeas. En ese caso, es posible que, la depredacion por el buho chico termine suponiendo una forma de control de la cotorra y limite el impacto de esta especie introducida en la biodiversidad autoctona. EnglishPredation pressure by native species may limit the spread of alien invasive species, thus playing a pivotal role in the impact and implementation of management strategies. The ring–necked parakeet Psittacula krameri is one of the most widespread alien bird species in Europe, with nearly 70 established populations. Predators of this species include diurnal raptors, synanthropic corvids, and rodents. Here we report for the first time that long–eared owls Asio otus might have preyed upon parakeets in their night roosts. Analysis of 167 owl pellets showed that ring–necked parakeets made up over 10% of the total volume of the diet of these owls in winter (32.93% of absolute frequency), representing the most important prey species after murid rodents and passerine birds. Further studies are needed to investigate whether parakeet consumption by long–eared owls is only a local occurrence or whether it is widespread in European cities. If so, predation by long–eared owl may eventually lead to a form of parakeet control and may limit the impact of this introduced parakeet on native biodiversity.
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Vertical segregation by breeding ring-necked parakeets Psittacula krameri in northern Italy
Urban Ecosystems, 2018Co-Authors: Gioele Grandi, Mattia Menchetti, Emiliano MoriAbstract:Cavities represent a limiting resource for breeding birds, thus triggering potential competition, mostly in urban ecosystems. The ring-necked parakeet Psittacula krameri is one of the main alien invasive bird species of the world. Introduced populations are reported for over 35 countries, Italy included. This parakeet mainly depends on trunk cavities for reproduction but, occasionally, it may nest within building holes. A growing population of this species is present in the urban area of Pavia (northern Italy). Differently, from what has been observed in other colonies of the global introduced range, most of this urban population nests within the putlog holes of the Visconti castle and surrounding towers, together with four native species. In this work, we counted the breeding pairs of ring-necked parakeets nesting within putlog holes of castle and tower walls and estimated the breeding population size. Observations were carried out once a week, 30 min before sunset, for an hour, from the start of April to the end of August 2016 and 2017. We assessed whether a vertical segregation occurred between parakeets and native species (i.e. the rock pigeon, the jackdaw, the Italian sparrow and the common swift) through a dissimilarity index. Inter-specific interactions have never been observed, despite two pigeon ticks being detected on rescued parakeets. A strong vertical segregation was observed between ring-necked parakeets and pigeons, and between ring-necked parakeets and common swifts. Ring-necked parakeets and jackdaws were mostly observed in the highest putlog holes. No breeding parakeet pair was observed within plain trunk cavities in the surroundings of the castle walls, which were instead occupied by jackdaws and tawny owls. Most parakeet nests were located on the eastern wall, where they receive the first light at dawn.
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Reproductive timing as a constraint on invasion success in the Ring-necked parakeet (Psittacula krameri)
Biological Invasions, 2017Co-Authors: Álvaro Luna, Assaf Shwartz, Diederik Strubbe, Emiliano Mori, Dailos Hernández-brito, Michael P. Braun, Detlev Franz, Yariv Malihi, Asaf Kaplan, Mattia MenchettiAbstract:Climate similarity favors biological invasion, but a match between seasonality in the novel range and the timing of life cycle events of the invader also influences the outcome of species introduction. Yet, phenology effects on invasion success have generally been neglected. Here we study whether a phenological mismatch limits the non-native range of a globally successful invader, the Ring-necked parakeet, in Europe. Given the latitudes at which parakeets have established across Europe, they breed earlier than expected based on breeding dates from the native Asian range. Moreover, comparing the breeding dates of European populations to those of parakeets in the native Asian range, to five native breeding bird species in Europe and to the start of the growing season of four native European trees shows that the discrepancy between expected and actual breeding phenology is greater in northern Europe. In northern European populations, this temporal mismatch appears to have negative effects on hatching success, and on population growth rates in years that are colder than average in the first six months. Phenological mismatch also can explain why parakeets from African populations (that are more likely to breed in autumn) have been poor invaders compared to parakeets from Asia. These lines of evidence support the hypothesis that the reproductive phenology of the Ring-necked parakeet can be a limiting factor for establishment and range expansion in colder climates. Our results provide growing support for the hypothesis that the match between climate seasonality and timing of reproduction (or other important life cycle events) can affect the establishment success, invasive potential and distribution range of introduced non-native species, beyond the mere effect of climate similarity.
-
rose ringed parakeet Psittacula krameri populations and numbers in europe a complete overview
The Open Ornithology Journal, 2016Co-Authors: Liviu G Pârâu, Diederik Strubbe, Emiliano Mori, Leonardo Ancillotto, Mattia Menchetti, Álvaro Luna, Andre Van Kleunen, Rachel L White, Dailos Hernandezbrito, Marine Le LouarnAbstract:Alien species are considered one of the major causes contributing to the current loss of biodiversity. Over the past few decades, a large and increasing number of alien species have become invasive in many parts of the world. Their impacts range from competition for resources with native species to damage of urban infrastructure. In Europe, over a thousand alien species are now established, of which 74 are birds. Among 12 established alien parrot species in Europe, the Rose-ringed Parakeet (RRP) Psittacula krameri (Scopoli, 1769) is the most abundant and widespread. Since the 1960's, RRPs have established more than 100 wild populations in several European countries. For Western Europe, long-term demographic data indicate the species has grown considerably in number, although some populations have failed to persist. Data is scarce and dispersed for countries in Central, Eastern and Northern Europe. Therefore, here we present detailed demographic data of RRP for 90 populations in 10 European countries. Furthermore, we present information on the status of the species in another 27 European countries, for which previously no data were published. Our synthesis reveals a positive demographic trend across the continent, although locally, some populations appear to have reached carrying capacity.
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an overlooked invader ecological niche invasion success and range dynamics of the alexandrine parakeet in the invaded range
Biological Invasions, 2016Co-Authors: Leonardo Ancillotto, Diederik Strubbe, Mattia Menchetti, Emiliano MoriAbstract:Parrots and parakeets (Aves, Psittaciformes) are prominent among avian invaders, as more than 16 % of living species are currently breeding with at least one population outside their native range. Most studies have been carried out on ring-necked and monk parakeets, as they are the most successful invasive parrots globally. Recently, however, reports of invasive Alexandrine parakeet Psittacula eupatria have increased. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the current occurrence of Alexandrine parakeets outside the natural range and assess the degree of niche conservatism during the invasion process. Our results show that Alexandrine parakeets have established invasive populations predominantly in Europe, parts of the Middle east and Far Eastern countries such as Japan and Singapore. During the ongoing invasion of Europe, the Alexandrine parakeet considerably expanded its niche into colder climates with respect to those occupied in the native range. Our results offer some support to the hypothesis that interspecific facilitation with previously established ring-necked parakeets Psittacula krameri may contribute to niche expansion and invasion success of congeneric Alexandrine parakeets. Species Distribution Models including both native and invaded range occurrence data predict a high invasion risk across multiple parts of the globe where the species is currently not yet present, thus indicating a high potential for the species for further invasion success and range expansion.
