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Guangyou Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the complete mitochondrial genome of the scab mite Psoroptes Cuniculi arthropoda arachnida provides insights into acari phylogeny
Parasites & Vectors, 2014Co-Authors: Guohua Liu, Guangyou Yang, Huiqun Song, Tianyu Liu, Xingquan ZhuAbstract:Background Limited available sequence information has greatly impeded population genetics, phylogenetics and systematics studies in the subclass Acari (mites and ticks). Mitochondrial (mt) DNA is well known to provide genetic markers for investigations in these areas, but complete mt genomic data have been lacking for many Acari species. Herein, we present the complete mt genome of the scab mite Psoroptes Cuniculi.
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the complete mitochondrial genome of the scab mite Psoroptes Cuniculi arthropoda arachnida provides insights into acari phylogeny
Parasites & Vectors, 2014Co-Authors: Guohua Liu, Guangyou Yang, Huiqun Song, Tianyu Liu, Xingquan ZhuAbstract:Limited available sequence information has greatly impeded population genetics, phylogenetics and systematics studies in the subclass Acari (mites and ticks). Mitochondrial (mt) DNA is well known to provide genetic markers for investigations in these areas, but complete mt genomic data have been lacking for many Acari species. Herein, we present the complete mt genome of the scab mite Psoroptes Cuniculi. P. Cuniculi was collected from a naturally infected New Zealand white rabbit from China and identified by morphological criteria. The complete mt genome of P. Cuniculi was amplified by PCR and then sequenced. The relationships of this scab mite with selected members of the Acari were assessed by phylogenetic analysis of concatenated amino acid sequence datasets by Bayesian inference (BI), maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum parsimony (MP). This mt genome (14,247 bp) is circular and consists of 37 genes, including 13 genes for proteins, 22 genes for tRNA, 2 genes for rRNA. The gene arrangement in mt genome of P. Cuniculi is the same as those of Dermatophagoides farinae (Pyroglyphidae) and Aleuroglyphus ovatus (Acaridae), but distinct from those of Steganacarus magnus (Steganacaridae) and Panonychus citri (Tetranychidae). Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated amino acid sequences of 12 protein-coding genes, with three different computational algorithms (BI, ML and MP), showed the division of subclass Acari into two superorders, supported the monophylies of the both superorders Parasitiformes and Acariformes; and the three orders Ixodida and Mesostigmata and Astigmata, but rejected the monophyly of the order Prostigmata. The mt genome of P. Cuniculi represents the first mt genome of any member of the family Psoroptidae. Analysis of mt genome sequences in the present study has provided new insights into the phylogenetic relationships among several major lineages of Acari species.
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isolation and identification of acaricidal compounds in eupatorium adenophorum petroleum ether extract and determination of their acaricidal activity against Psoroptes Cuniculi
Veterinary Parasitology, 2014Co-Authors: Xuerong Peng, Xiang Nong, Fengzheng Chen, Jiahai Wang, Yue Xie, Chunlin Fang, Tianfei Liu, Guangyou YangAbstract:We used multiple silica gel column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography coupled with 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 13C NMR to separate and identify the active acaricidal ingredients in Eupatorium adenophorum petroleum ether extract. The acaricidal activity of each compound was tested against Psoroptes Cuniculi in vitro. Three compounds had strong acaricidal activity against P. Cuniculi in vitro. The insecticidal effect of 0.5% compound 9β-hydroxy-ageraphorone was better than the insecticidal effect of fenvalerate, and compounds 9-oxo-ageraphorone and 9-oxo-10,11-dehydro-ageraphorone exhibited higher insecticidal effects than 9β-hydroxy-ageraphorone. Thus, the E. adenophorum petroleum ether extract contains an effective composition of acaricides that could potentially be developed as a promising plant-origin acaricide.
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evaluating troponin c from Psoroptes Cuniculi as a diagnostic antigen for a dot elisa assay to diagnose mite infestations in rabbits
Parasite Immunology, 2014Co-Authors: Wanpeng Zheng, Shuai Wang, Runhui Zhang, Y Ren, Xiang Nong, X Peng, Guangyou YangAbstract:Summary The mite Psoroptes Cuniculi is globally widespread and has a serious impact on commercial rabbit breeding. In China, diagnosis of P. Cuniculi is currently based on conventional clinical methods that entail numerous disadvantages, including their failure to diagnose subclinical infections. Hence, alternative measures are required, and dot-ELISA is one of the most promising strategies. We cloned and expressed the recombinant P. Cuniculi troponin C gene for use as a basis for novel dot-ELISA assay to detect P. Cuniculi infections in rabbits. This amplified sequence encoded a 153 amino acid protein of 17·6 kDa and theoretical pI 4·18 without signal peptide. The recombinant troponin C of P. Cuniculi is an outer membrane protein and may also be a new P. Cuniculi allergen. Results of dot-ELISA test showed that this novel assay had more than 90% sensitivity but low specificity in distinguishing infections with P. Cuniculi or Sarcoptic scabiei, despite very high agreement between observers (97–99%; κ values ranged from 0·95 to 0·98 for inter- and intra-observer variability test). This study showed that this novel method, at present, lacks diagnostic utility. Therefore, although simple serological assays such as dot-ELISA show great promise as diagnostic tools, we suggest that troponin C is not a suitable diagnostic antigen candidate.
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acaricidal properties of an ailanthus altissima bark extract against Psoroptes Cuniculi and sarcoptes scabiei var Cuniculi in vitro
Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2014Co-Authors: Chunlin Fang, Shuxian Wang, Xuerong Peng, Guangyou Yang, Xiang Nong, Yue Xie, Junyang Zhu, Qigui YanAbstract:The potential acaricidal properties of an Ailanthus altissima bark extract were assessed against two common species of animal ectoparasitic mites, Psoroptes Cuniculi and Sarcoptes scabiei var. Cuniculi, in vitro. A. altissima bark extract was obtained by ethanol thermal circumfluence and tested at four concentrations (1.0, 0.5, 0.25 and 0.125 g/ml) on mites collected from rabbits. Compared to the fenvalerate treatment group, the A. altissima bark exhibited significant acaricidal properties for both mite species treated. The extract of concentrations of 1.0, 0.5 and 0.25 g/ml killed all tested S. scabiei within 7 h, however, only 1.0 and 0.5 g/ml of extract killed all treated P. Cuniculi. The median lethal time (LT50) values at 1, 0.5 and 0.25 g/ml were 0.60, 0.78, 1.48 h for S. scabiei and 0.74, 1.29, 3.33 h for P. Cuniculi. The median lethal concentration (LC50) for P. Cuniculi was approximately 1.6 times that for S. scabiei var. Cuniculi at 4 h. The extract showed stronger toxicity against S. scabiei than against P. Cuniculi. Mortality rates increased with increasing concentration of extract administered and with increasing time post-treatment, indicating that the acaricidal activity of A. altissima bark extract is both time-dependent and dose-dependent. This is the first report on acaricidal activity of A. altissima against P. Cuniculi and S. scabiei var. Cuniculi. It indicates that A. altissima contain potential acaricidal compounds. Our study is the first step to develop potentially novel compounds from A. altissima for the effective control of mites in livestock.
Xiaofei Shang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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acaricidal activity and enzyme inhibitory activity of active compounds of essential oils against Psoroptes Cuniculi
Veterinary Parasitology, 2019Co-Authors: Xiaofei Shang, Ying-qian Liu, Guan-zhou Yang, Lixia Dai, Zhongmin Zhao, Cheng-jie YangAbstract:Abstract Plant essential oils and its chemical compositions are commonly applied in medicinal and other industries due to their broad advanced pharmacological activities. In the present study, we systematically evaluated the acaricidal activities of twelve compounds of essential oils against Psoroptes Cuniculi in vitro and in vivo. In addition, to support the clinic uses, their toxicities against immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and human liver cells (HL-7702) and skin irritation were studied for evaluating the liver and skin safety. The possible mechanism of action of certain chemical were investigated by determining the inhibitory activities against cytochrome P450 (P450) acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Among all tested compounds, eugenol exhibited the best acaricidal activity with LC50 value of 56.61 μg/ml in vitro. Meanwhile, after the treatment of eugenol for five times within 10 days, the P. Cuniculi were eliminated in the naturally infested rabbits, no skin irritation was found in rabbits treated by eugenol. Moreover, eugenol presented no or weak cytotoxicity against HaCaT cells and HL-7702 cells with IC50 values of greater than 100 μg/ml. Furthermore, the moderate inhibitory activities of eugenol against mites P450 and AChE were demonstrated. Above results indicated that eugenol presented the promising acaricidal activity against P. Cuniculi in vitro and in vivo, is safe for both humans and animals at the given doses. This work lays the foundation for the development of eugenol as an environmentally friendly acaricide agent.
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Application of Sustainable Natural Resources in Agriculture: Acaricidal and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Naphthoquinones and Their Analogs against Psoroptes Cuniculi.
Scientific reports, 2018Co-Authors: Xiaofei Shang, Xiaolou Miao, Ying-qian Liu, Xiao Guo, Chen Cheng, Zhang Junxiang, Xu Xiaoshan, Guan-zhou Yang, Cheng-jie YangAbstract:As important secondary plant metabolites, naphthoquinones exhibit a wide range of biological activities. However, their potential as sustainable alternatives to synthetic acaricides has not been studied. This study for the first time investigates the acaricidal activity of naphthoquinones against Psoroptes Cuniculi in vitro. Furthermore, the in vivo activity, the skin irritation effects, the cytotoxicity and the inhibitory activities against mite acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) of the two compounds that displayed the best insecticidal activity in vitro were evaluated. Among fourteen naphthoquinones and their analogs, juglone and plumbagin were observed to possess the strongest acaricidal activities against P. Cuniculi with LC50 values of 20.53 ppm and 17.96 ppm, respectively, at 24 h. After three treatments, these two chemicals completely cured naturally infested rabbits in vivo within 15 days, and no skin irritation was found in any of the treated rabbits. Compared to plumbagin, juglone presented no or weak cytotoxicity against HL-7702 cells. Moreover, these two chemicals significantly inhibited AChE and GST activity. These results indicate that juglone has promising toxicity against P. Cuniculi, is safe for both humans and animals at certain doses, and could be used as a potential alternative bio-acaricide for controlling the development of psoroptic mange in agricultural applications.
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the toxicity and the acaricidal mechanism against Psoroptes Cuniculi of the methanol extract of adonis coerulea maxim
Veterinary Parasitology, 2017Co-Authors: Xiaofei Shang, Xiaolou Miao, Xiao Guo, Hu Pan, Feng Yang, Jiyu ZhangAbstract:Abstract Scope Adonis coerulea Maxim. is a perennial herbaceous plant that grows in scrub, grassy slope areas, and as traditional medicine it has been used to treat animal acariasis for thousands of years. In this paper, we aimed to study the acute toxicity and cytotoxicity of the methanol extract of A. coerulea (MEAC) in vivo and in vitro for supporting the clinic uses. The acaricidal activity and the mechanism of action against Psoroptes Cuniculi were investigated. Results The results showed that isoorientin, luteolin and apigenin were the primary compounds in MEAC. The toxicity test showed that median lethal dose (LD 50 ) and the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of MEAC were estimated to be more than 5000 mg/kg in mice in vivo and more than 50 mg/ml against RAW 264.7 and GM00637 cells in the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2- yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. After culturing with MEAC, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Na + -K + -ATPase of mites were evaluated. Compared with the control group, SOD activity of MEAC-treated group of mites was inhibited, and CAT activity was activated at the preliminary phase but was gradually inhibited over the period of incubation. MDA content reached a peak at 6 h and then gradually decreased. However, GST activity in the mites was activated in a dose- and time-dependent manner. AChE and Na + -K + -ATPase activities related to neural conduction, vital functions and the transmembrane ion gradient of the mites were inhibited. Conclusion MEAC is safe in the given doses in both the in vitro and the in vivo tests, can be applied in the clinic and it had good acaricidal activity. The extension of the incubation time in the mites led to dynamic disequilibrium between the production and clearing of superoxide anions, a disruption of the energy metabolism and the transmembrane ion gradient, and the inhibition of motor function. These factors may have resulted in mite death.
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acaricidal activities of the essential oil from rhododendron nivale hook f and its main compund δ cadinene against Psoroptes Cuniculi
Veterinary Parasitology, 2017Co-Authors: Xiao Guo, Xiaofei Shang, Xu Zheng Zhou, Hao Wen, Jiyu ZhangAbstract:In this paper, the acaricidal activities of Rhododendron nivale Hook. f. and its main compound, δ-cadinene were investigated, and the chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed. The results showed that among aqueous, 70% ethanols, acetic ether, chloroform, petroleum ether and essential oil extracts from the shoots and leaves, the essential oil showed the best in vitro acaricidal activity against adult P. Cuniculi, which occurred in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The median lethal time (LT50) values of four concentrations (33.33-4.17mg/ml) of the essential oil ranged from 1.476 to 25.900h, respectively. After the treatment of P. Cuniculi with the essential oil and ivermectin, infected rabbits were free of scabs or secretions in the ear canal by day 20. Then, the percent yield of essential oil from the leaves and shoots was 2.45% (w/w), which includes 50 compounds. The primary component identified was terpenes, and among of compounds identified from the essential oil of R. nivale the highest relative content was δ-cadinene, which also presented the marked acaricidal activity against Psoroptes Cuniculi in vitro. These findings provide evidence for the use of acaricides as a traditional medicine and indicate that the essential oil and δ-cadinene could be used to control mites in livestock.
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microwave assisted extraction of three bioactive alkaloids from peganum harmala l and their acaricidal activity against Psoroptes Cuniculi in vitro
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2016Co-Authors: Xiaofei Shang, Jiyu Zhang, Bing Li, Yu Zhang, Xiaolou MiaoAbstract:Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Peganum harmala L. is a perennial herbaceous, glabrous plant that grows in semi-arid conditions, steppe areas and sandy soils. It is used to treat fever, diarrhoea, subcutaneous tumours, arthralgia, rheumatism, cough, amnesia and parasitic diseases in folk medicines. In this paper, we aimed to develop a simpler and faster method for the extraction of three alkaloids from Peganum harmala L. than other conventional methods by optimizing the parameters of a microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method, and to investigate the acaricidal activities of three compounds against Psoroptes Cuniculi. Materials and methods After optimizing the operating parameters with the single factor experiment and a Box-Behnken design combined with a response-surface methodology, a MAE method was developed for extracting the alkaloids from the seeds, and a high-performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify these compounds. An in vitro experiments were used to study the acaricidal activities. Results The optimal conditions of MAE method were as follows: liquid-to-solid ratio 31.3:1 mL/g, ethanol concentration 75.5%, extraction time 10.1 min, temperature 80.7 °C, and microwave power 600 W. Compared to the heat reflux extraction (HRE, 60 min) and the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE, 30 min) methods, MAE method require the shortest time (10 min) and obtain the highest yield of three compounds (61.9 mg/g). Meanwhile, the LT50 values for the vasicine (1.25 and 2.5 mg/mL), harmaline (1.25 and 2.5 mg/mL), harmine (1.25 and 2.5 mg/mL) and MAE extract (100 mg/mL) against Psoroptes Cuniculi were 12.188 h, 9.791 h, 11.994 h, 10.095 h, 11.293 h, 9.273 h and 17.322 h, respectively. Conclusions The MAE method developed exhibited the highest extraction yield within the shortest time and thus could be used to extract the active compounds from Peganum harmala L. on an industrial basis. As the active compounds of Peganum harmala L., vasicine, harmalin and harmine presented the marked acaricidal activities against Psoroptes Cuniculi, and could be widely applied for the treatments of acariasis in animals.
Stefania Perrucci - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Immunocytochemistry of Psoroptes Cuniculi stained by sera from naive and infested rabbits: preliminary results
Parasitology Research, 2007Co-Authors: Giacomo Rossi, Elena Donadio, Stefania PerrucciAbstract:Immunocytochemistry was used to identify possible target antigens in the digestive system of Psoroptes Cuniculi . Sera from three recently acutely infested rabbits, from rabbits with a mild long lasting infestation, and from a rabbit with repeated mite infestations and no longer able to maintain a population of P. Cuniculi were used to determine any antibody specificity to the mite digestive system. The reactivity of these sera was compared with sera from three un-infested animals. The different pool of sera targeted different mite antigens; in particular, sera from the resistant rabbit and the chronically infested rabbits reacted with gut cells, faecal material and cuticle, while sera from the recently infested rabbits reacted with gut contents, faecal material and cuticle of the parasites but not with gut cells. Finally, sera from un-infested rabbits did not demonstrate any specificity to P. Cuniculi antigens reacting only with mite gut contents in a weak manner. These preliminary data suggest the presence of antibodies induced in the host blood by infection, which act against the parasite by binding to antigen at the surface of its gut.
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efficacy of an essentifal oil of cinnamomum zeylanicum against Psoroptes Cuniculi
Phytomedicine, 2007Co-Authors: Gianluca Fichi, Guido Flamini, L J Zaralli, Stefania PerrucciAbstract:The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo acaricidal effects of an essential oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicun leaves on Psoroptes Cuniculi, a mange mite. In vitro, 2.5 ml of the essential oil diluted at different concentrations, from 10% to 0.03%, in paraffin oil were added to Petri dishes containing all motile stages of P. Cuniculi. Mites mortality observed in these dishes was compared with that observed in untreated and treated (AcaCerulen R) control plates. In vivo, one group of six P. Cuniculi infected rabbits was topically treated two times at seven days interval with two ml of the essential oil at the concentration of 2.5% in paraffin oil and compared with untreated and treated (AcaCerulen R) control groups of six rabbits each. After 24 h of contact, all concentrations of essential oil between 0.10 and 10% showed a good in vitro acaricidal efficacy if compared with the untreated controls (p<0.01), but only the concentrations between 0.16 and 10% turned out as active as the drug. In vivo, the treatment with the essential oil cured all infested rabbits and no statistical differences were observed with the treated control group.
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efficacy of an essential oil of eugenia caryophyllata against Psoroptes Cuniculi
Experimental Parasitology, 2007Co-Authors: Gianluca Fichi, Guido Flamini, F Giovanelli, Domenico Otranto, Stefania PerrucciAbstract:The acaricidal activity of Eugenia caryophyllata essential oil was evaluated in vitro and in vivo on Psoroptes Cuniculi, a mange mite. In vitro, different concentrations of the oil were tested and the observed mites mortality was compared with that observed in untreated and treated (Acacerulen R) controls. In vivo, six P. Cuniculi infected rabbits were topically treated with the oil diluted at 2.5% and compared with untreated and treated control groups of six rabbits each. In vitro, up to the concentration of 0.10% the oil gave highly significant (P<0.01) percentages of mite mortality respect to the untreated controls, but only up to 0.16% it showed the same efficacy of Acacerulen R. In vivo, the treatment with the essential oil cured all infested rabbits and no statistical differences were observed respect to the treated control group. The untreated rabbits remained infested.
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composition and acaricidal activity of laurus novocanariensis and laurus nobilis essential oils against Psoroptes Cuniculi
Journal of Essential Oil Research, 2006Co-Authors: Fabio Macchioni, Stefania Perrucci, Ivano Morelli, Pierluigi Cioni, Paula C Castilho, Francesca CecchiAbstract:The major components of Laurus nobilis and L. novocanariensis leaf oils were identified and their acaricidal activity against Psoroptes Cuniculi evaluated. Monoterpenes were predominant in L. nobilis oil (91.8%), while sesquiterpenes were only 1.4%. The main components of this oil were 1,8-cineole (39.2%), α-terpinyl acetate (11.3%), sabinene (10.6%) and linalool (7.4%). The acaricidal activity of L. nobilis oil, at a concentration of 10%, led to a mortality rate of 73%; at 5% the average activity was significantly reduced to 51%, while dilutions of 2.5%, 1.25% and 0.625% were ineffective. Laurus novocanariensis oil, compared to L. nobilis, was richer in sesquiterpenes; the main constituents were α-pinene (10.4%), 1,8-cineole (9.6%) and β-selinene (7.2%). After 24 h of contact, the oil of L. novocanariensis killed all the mites when used at 10% and 5% concentrations. At lower concentrations the mortality significantly decreased; a dilution of 0.625% was ineffective.
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Relationship between Psoroptes Cuniculi and the Internal Bacterium Serratia marcescens
Experimental & Applied Acarology, 2005Co-Authors: Stefania Perrucci, Gianluca Fichi, Giacomo Rossi, Dermot J. O’brienAbstract:The bacterium Serratia marcescens isolated from surface-sterilised Psoroptes Cuniculi was found sensitive to the antibiotic Amikacin. Mites placed in this antibiotic for 48–72 h and then washed by centrifugation were found to be alive and S. marcescens -free. Two experimental infestations were undertaken in order to verify the ability of the S. marcescens -free mites to infect and to give ear skin lesions in healthy rabbits and to evaluate the differential ability of the S. marcescens -free and S. marcescens -infected mites to give ear skin lesions. All rabbits were found to be infested, but only rabbits infested with S. marcescens -free mites presented crusts in their ears, whereas mites and/or eggs were only detected in the ear cerumen of all rabbits infested with S. marcescens -infected mites. S. marcescens was isolated only from P. Cuniculi mites taken from these latter rabbits. Results indicate that P. Cuniculi mites do not need S. marcescens to live and to be able to infest a healthy rabbit. In addition, S. marcescens was not isolated from eggs and newly born larvae of S. marcescens -infected P. Cuniculi , demonstrating that in a population of P. Cuniculi this bacterium is not transmitted transovarially.
Xiaolou Miao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Application of Sustainable Natural Resources in Agriculture: Acaricidal and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Naphthoquinones and Their Analogs against Psoroptes Cuniculi.
Scientific reports, 2018Co-Authors: Xiaofei Shang, Xiaolou Miao, Ying-qian Liu, Xiao Guo, Chen Cheng, Zhang Junxiang, Xu Xiaoshan, Guan-zhou Yang, Cheng-jie YangAbstract:As important secondary plant metabolites, naphthoquinones exhibit a wide range of biological activities. However, their potential as sustainable alternatives to synthetic acaricides has not been studied. This study for the first time investigates the acaricidal activity of naphthoquinones against Psoroptes Cuniculi in vitro. Furthermore, the in vivo activity, the skin irritation effects, the cytotoxicity and the inhibitory activities against mite acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) of the two compounds that displayed the best insecticidal activity in vitro were evaluated. Among fourteen naphthoquinones and their analogs, juglone and plumbagin were observed to possess the strongest acaricidal activities against P. Cuniculi with LC50 values of 20.53 ppm and 17.96 ppm, respectively, at 24 h. After three treatments, these two chemicals completely cured naturally infested rabbits in vivo within 15 days, and no skin irritation was found in any of the treated rabbits. Compared to plumbagin, juglone presented no or weak cytotoxicity against HL-7702 cells. Moreover, these two chemicals significantly inhibited AChE and GST activity. These results indicate that juglone has promising toxicity against P. Cuniculi, is safe for both humans and animals at certain doses, and could be used as a potential alternative bio-acaricide for controlling the development of psoroptic mange in agricultural applications.
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the toxicity and the acaricidal mechanism against Psoroptes Cuniculi of the methanol extract of adonis coerulea maxim
Veterinary Parasitology, 2017Co-Authors: Xiaofei Shang, Xiaolou Miao, Xiao Guo, Hu Pan, Feng Yang, Jiyu ZhangAbstract:Abstract Scope Adonis coerulea Maxim. is a perennial herbaceous plant that grows in scrub, grassy slope areas, and as traditional medicine it has been used to treat animal acariasis for thousands of years. In this paper, we aimed to study the acute toxicity and cytotoxicity of the methanol extract of A. coerulea (MEAC) in vivo and in vitro for supporting the clinic uses. The acaricidal activity and the mechanism of action against Psoroptes Cuniculi were investigated. Results The results showed that isoorientin, luteolin and apigenin were the primary compounds in MEAC. The toxicity test showed that median lethal dose (LD 50 ) and the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of MEAC were estimated to be more than 5000 mg/kg in mice in vivo and more than 50 mg/ml against RAW 264.7 and GM00637 cells in the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2- yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. After culturing with MEAC, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Na + -K + -ATPase of mites were evaluated. Compared with the control group, SOD activity of MEAC-treated group of mites was inhibited, and CAT activity was activated at the preliminary phase but was gradually inhibited over the period of incubation. MDA content reached a peak at 6 h and then gradually decreased. However, GST activity in the mites was activated in a dose- and time-dependent manner. AChE and Na + -K + -ATPase activities related to neural conduction, vital functions and the transmembrane ion gradient of the mites were inhibited. Conclusion MEAC is safe in the given doses in both the in vitro and the in vivo tests, can be applied in the clinic and it had good acaricidal activity. The extension of the incubation time in the mites led to dynamic disequilibrium between the production and clearing of superoxide anions, a disruption of the energy metabolism and the transmembrane ion gradient, and the inhibition of motor function. These factors may have resulted in mite death.
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microwave assisted extraction of three bioactive alkaloids from peganum harmala l and their acaricidal activity against Psoroptes Cuniculi in vitro
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2016Co-Authors: Xiaofei Shang, Jiyu Zhang, Bing Li, Yu Zhang, Xiaolou MiaoAbstract:Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Peganum harmala L. is a perennial herbaceous, glabrous plant that grows in semi-arid conditions, steppe areas and sandy soils. It is used to treat fever, diarrhoea, subcutaneous tumours, arthralgia, rheumatism, cough, amnesia and parasitic diseases in folk medicines. In this paper, we aimed to develop a simpler and faster method for the extraction of three alkaloids from Peganum harmala L. than other conventional methods by optimizing the parameters of a microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method, and to investigate the acaricidal activities of three compounds against Psoroptes Cuniculi. Materials and methods After optimizing the operating parameters with the single factor experiment and a Box-Behnken design combined with a response-surface methodology, a MAE method was developed for extracting the alkaloids from the seeds, and a high-performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify these compounds. An in vitro experiments were used to study the acaricidal activities. Results The optimal conditions of MAE method were as follows: liquid-to-solid ratio 31.3:1 mL/g, ethanol concentration 75.5%, extraction time 10.1 min, temperature 80.7 °C, and microwave power 600 W. Compared to the heat reflux extraction (HRE, 60 min) and the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE, 30 min) methods, MAE method require the shortest time (10 min) and obtain the highest yield of three compounds (61.9 mg/g). Meanwhile, the LT50 values for the vasicine (1.25 and 2.5 mg/mL), harmaline (1.25 and 2.5 mg/mL), harmine (1.25 and 2.5 mg/mL) and MAE extract (100 mg/mL) against Psoroptes Cuniculi were 12.188 h, 9.791 h, 11.994 h, 10.095 h, 11.293 h, 9.273 h and 17.322 h, respectively. Conclusions The MAE method developed exhibited the highest extraction yield within the shortest time and thus could be used to extract the active compounds from Peganum harmala L. on an industrial basis. As the active compounds of Peganum harmala L., vasicine, harmalin and harmine presented the marked acaricidal activities against Psoroptes Cuniculi, and could be widely applied for the treatments of acariasis in animals.
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acaricidal activity of oregano oil and its major component carvacrol thymol and p cymene against Psoroptes Cuniculi in vitro and in vivo
Veterinary Parasitology, 2016Co-Authors: Xiaofei Shang, Jiyu Zhang, Yu Zhang, Xiao Guo, Xu Zheng Zhou, Dongsheng Wang, Yu Wang, Hu Pan, Shuwei Dong, Xiaolou MiaoAbstract:Oregano oil possesses marked antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and is widely applied in animal husbandry. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the acaricidal activities of oregano oil and its major component, carvacrol, thymol and p-cymene against Psoroptes Cuniculi in vitro and in vivo. The results revealed that oregano oil exhibited significant acaricidal effects against P. Cuniculi that were dose- and time-dependent response. In in vitro test, concentrations of 0.05% and 0.02% (v/v) killed all of the mites within 1h and 6h, respectively. Moreover, 0.1mg/ml (w/v) carvacrol, 0.2mg/ml (w/v) thymol and 1% p-cymene (v/v) also possessed marked acaricidal activities, and compared with the control group, elicited mean mortalities of 84.00%, 96.00% and 66% at 24h, respectively. The median lethal times (LT50) against P. Cuniculi of the concentrations of 0.02%, 0.01% and 0.005% (v/v) of oregano oil, thymol, carvacrol and p-cymene were 2.171h, 11.396h, 26.102h, and 4.424h, 8.957h and 15.201h, respectively. Meanwhile, twenty naturaly infested rabbits were used to four homogeneity groups: negative control (without treatment), positive control (treated with ivermectin), group treated with 1% of oregano oil and other group with 5% of oregano oil. All the treatments were topically. After the treatment of 1% and 5% oregano oil, the P. Cuniculi were completely eliminated in the rabbits, and at the end of the test (day 20), the rabbits of all treatment groups exhibited favorable mental and physical statuses. These results indicated that oregano oil could be widely applied as a potential acaricidal agent in the treatment of animal acariasis in the future.
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Acaricidal activity of usnic acid and sodium usnic acid against Psoroptes Cuniculi in vitro
Parasitology research, 2014Co-Authors: Xiaofei Shang, Xiaolou Miao, Wang Dongsheng, Jiqin Zhang, Yang ZhiqiangAbstract:Usnic acid, a major active compound in lichens, was first isolated in 1884. Since then, usnic acid and its sodium salt (sodium usnic acid) have been used in medicine, perfumery, cosmetics, and other industries due to its extensive biological activities. However, its acaricidal activity has not been studied. In this paper, we investigated the acaricidal activity of usnic acid and sodium usnic acid against Psoroptes Cuniculi in vitro. After evaluating the acaricidal activity and toxicity of usnic acid and sodium usnic acid in vitro, the results showed that at doses of 250, 125, and 62.5 mg/ml, usnic acid and sodium usnic acid can kill mites with 91.67, 85.00, and 55.00 % and 100, 100, and 60.00 % mortality after treatment 24 h. The LT50 values were 4.208, 8.249, and 16.950 h and 3.712, 7.339, and 15.773 h for usnic acid and sodium usnic acid, respectively. Sodium usnic acid has a higher acaricidal activity than usnic acid, which may be related to the difference in their structures.
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isolation and identification of acaricidal compounds in eupatorium adenophorum petroleum ether extract and determination of their acaricidal activity against Psoroptes Cuniculi
Veterinary Parasitology, 2014Co-Authors: Xuerong Peng, Xiang Nong, Fengzheng Chen, Jiahai Wang, Yue Xie, Chunlin Fang, Tianfei Liu, Guangyou YangAbstract:We used multiple silica gel column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography coupled with 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 13C NMR to separate and identify the active acaricidal ingredients in Eupatorium adenophorum petroleum ether extract. The acaricidal activity of each compound was tested against Psoroptes Cuniculi in vitro. Three compounds had strong acaricidal activity against P. Cuniculi in vitro. The insecticidal effect of 0.5% compound 9β-hydroxy-ageraphorone was better than the insecticidal effect of fenvalerate, and compounds 9-oxo-ageraphorone and 9-oxo-10,11-dehydro-ageraphorone exhibited higher insecticidal effects than 9β-hydroxy-ageraphorone. Thus, the E. adenophorum petroleum ether extract contains an effective composition of acaricides that could potentially be developed as a promising plant-origin acaricide.
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evaluating troponin c from Psoroptes Cuniculi as a diagnostic antigen for a dot elisa assay to diagnose mite infestations in rabbits
Parasite Immunology, 2014Co-Authors: Wanpeng Zheng, Shuai Wang, Runhui Zhang, Y Ren, Xiang Nong, X Peng, Guangyou YangAbstract:Summary The mite Psoroptes Cuniculi is globally widespread and has a serious impact on commercial rabbit breeding. In China, diagnosis of P. Cuniculi is currently based on conventional clinical methods that entail numerous disadvantages, including their failure to diagnose subclinical infections. Hence, alternative measures are required, and dot-ELISA is one of the most promising strategies. We cloned and expressed the recombinant P. Cuniculi troponin C gene for use as a basis for novel dot-ELISA assay to detect P. Cuniculi infections in rabbits. This amplified sequence encoded a 153 amino acid protein of 17·6 kDa and theoretical pI 4·18 without signal peptide. The recombinant troponin C of P. Cuniculi is an outer membrane protein and may also be a new P. Cuniculi allergen. Results of dot-ELISA test showed that this novel assay had more than 90% sensitivity but low specificity in distinguishing infections with P. Cuniculi or Sarcoptic scabiei, despite very high agreement between observers (97–99%; κ values ranged from 0·95 to 0·98 for inter- and intra-observer variability test). This study showed that this novel method, at present, lacks diagnostic utility. Therefore, although simple serological assays such as dot-ELISA show great promise as diagnostic tools, we suggest that troponin C is not a suitable diagnostic antigen candidate.
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acaricidal properties of an ailanthus altissima bark extract against Psoroptes Cuniculi and sarcoptes scabiei var Cuniculi in vitro
Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2014Co-Authors: Chunlin Fang, Shuxian Wang, Xuerong Peng, Guangyou Yang, Xiang Nong, Yue Xie, Junyang Zhu, Qigui YanAbstract:The potential acaricidal properties of an Ailanthus altissima bark extract were assessed against two common species of animal ectoparasitic mites, Psoroptes Cuniculi and Sarcoptes scabiei var. Cuniculi, in vitro. A. altissima bark extract was obtained by ethanol thermal circumfluence and tested at four concentrations (1.0, 0.5, 0.25 and 0.125 g/ml) on mites collected from rabbits. Compared to the fenvalerate treatment group, the A. altissima bark exhibited significant acaricidal properties for both mite species treated. The extract of concentrations of 1.0, 0.5 and 0.25 g/ml killed all tested S. scabiei within 7 h, however, only 1.0 and 0.5 g/ml of extract killed all treated P. Cuniculi. The median lethal time (LT50) values at 1, 0.5 and 0.25 g/ml were 0.60, 0.78, 1.48 h for S. scabiei and 0.74, 1.29, 3.33 h for P. Cuniculi. The median lethal concentration (LC50) for P. Cuniculi was approximately 1.6 times that for S. scabiei var. Cuniculi at 4 h. The extract showed stronger toxicity against S. scabiei than against P. Cuniculi. Mortality rates increased with increasing concentration of extract administered and with increasing time post-treatment, indicating that the acaricidal activity of A. altissima bark extract is both time-dependent and dose-dependent. This is the first report on acaricidal activity of A. altissima against P. Cuniculi and S. scabiei var. Cuniculi. It indicates that A. altissima contain potential acaricidal compounds. Our study is the first step to develop potentially novel compounds from A. altissima for the effective control of mites in livestock.
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characterisation and analysis of thioredoxin peroxidase as a potential antigen for the serodiagnosis of sarcoptic mange in rabbits by dot elisa
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2013Co-Authors: Runhui Zhang, Shuxian Wang, Xuerong Peng, Quwu Jise, Wanpeng Zheng, Xiang Nong, Yongjun Ren, Songjia Lai, Guangyou YangAbstract:Scabies caused by Sarcoptes scabiei is a widespread but a neglected tropical zoonosis. In this study, we characterised a S. scabiei thioredoxin peroxidase (SsTPx) and evaluated a recombinant SsTPx as a diagnostic antigen in rabbits. The open reading frame of the gene encoding SsTPx-2 was amplified and the recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli cells and purified. SsTPx was localized in mite tissue by immunolocalisation using the purified recombinant protein. Serodiagnosis assays were carried out in 203 New Zealand White rabbit serum samples by dot-ELISA. The open reading frame (489 bp) of the gene encodes an 18.11 kDa protein, which showed highly homology to that of Psoroptes Cuniculi (98.77% identity) and belongs to the 2-Cys family of peroxiredoxins. SsTPx was mainly distributed in muscle tissues of mites, integument of the epidermis and the anterior end of S. scabiei. Although SsTPx cross-reactivity with psoroptic mites was observed, the SsTPx dot-ELISA showed excellent diagnostic ability, with 95.3% sensitivity and 93.8% specificity in mange-infected and uninfected groups. This study showed that the purified SsTPx is a highly sensitive antigen for the diagnosis of mange infection by dot-ELISA. This technique is a rapid and convenient method that can be used worldwide for the clinical diagnosis of sarcoptic mange in rabbits, and is especially useful in developing regions.
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clinical efficacy of botanical extracts from eupatorium adenophorum against the scab mite Psoroptes Cuniculi
Veterinary Parasitology, 2013Co-Authors: Xiang Nong, Yongjun Ren, Jiahai Wang, Yue Xie, Chunlin Fang, Tianfei Liu, Deying Yang, Lin Chen, Xuan ZhouAbstract:Abstract This study evaluated the in vivo clinical efficacy of Crofton weed (Eupatorium adenophorum) extracts against the scab mite, Psoroptes Cuniculi. A 30-day experiment was performed using New Zealand rabbits that were naturally infested with P. Cuniculi on a farm. Rabbits were randomly divided into five groups (6 animals per group); animals in groups A, B and C were treated in each ear topically with 2 ml of 1.0, 0.5 and 0.25 g/ml (w/v) E. adenophorum ethanol extract, respectively. Animals in groups D and E were treated with ivermectin (by injection; positive controls) and glycerol with water only (by embrocation; negative controls), respectively. Each rabbit was treated twice with separate treatments on days 0 and 7. Rabbits were observed daily and detailed examinations were performed on days 0, 7, 14 and 30, to inspect the presence or absence of mites and scabs/crusts. Clinical infection and the degree of recovery were evaluated, and the rate of reduction in mites and clinical efficacy rate (%) were calculated. The clinical effect of treatment with E. adenophorum extracts was similar to treatment with ivermectin. Seven days after the initial treatment, the mean clinical scores (presence of scabs/crusts) decreased from 3.32, 3.08 and 3.17 to 0.37, 0.47 and 0.48 in the left ears of animals in groups A, B and C, respectively, and from 3.53, 3.73 and 3.67 to 0.40, 0.45 and 0.48 in the right ears of animals in groups A, B and C, respectively, which were similar to the observations recorded in the positive control rabbits. However, the clinical score for negative control rabbits did not decrease significantly (P > 0.05) during the experiment, and this changed from 3.32 to 2.75 in the left ears and from 3.50 to 3.25 in the right ears, and there were no significant differences in clinical efficacy between left and right ears. After two treatments (7 days space), the rabbits in groups A, B, C and D had recovered completely 30 days after the last treatment and no recurrences of infection were observed. These results indicate that E. adenophorum contains potent compounds for the effective control of animal acariasis.
