The Experts below are selected from a list of 11073 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Preben Bo Mortensen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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risk factors for autism perinatal factors parental Psychiatric History and socioeconomic status
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2005Co-Authors: Heidi Larsson, William W Eaton, Kreesten Meldgaard Madsen, Mogens Vestergaard, Anne Vingaard Olesen, Esben Agerbo, Diana Schendel, Poul Thorsen, Preben Bo MortensenAbstract:: Research suggests that heredity and early fetal development play a causal role in autism. This case-control study explored the association between perinatal factors, parental Psychiatric History, socioeconomic status, and risk of autism. The study was nested within a cohort of all children born in Denmark after 1972 and at risk of being diagnosed with autism until December 1999. Prospectively recorded data were obtained from nationwide registries in Denmark. Cases totaled 698 children with a diagnosis of autism; each case was individually matched by gender, birth year, and age to 25 controls. Analyses by conditional logistic regression produced risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Adjusted analyses showed that the risk of autism was associated with breech presentation (risk ratio (RR) = 1.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18, 2.26), low Apgar score at 5 minutes (RR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.10, 3.27), gestational age at birth <35 weeks (RR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.55, 3.86), and parental Psychiatric History (schizophrenia-like psychosis: RR = 3.44, 95% CI: 1.48, 7.95; affective disorder: RR = 2.91, 95% CI: 1.65, 5.14). Analyses showed no statistically significant association between risk of autism and weight for gestational age, parity, number of antenatal visits, parental age, or socioeconomic status. Results suggest that prenatal environmental factors and parental psychopathology are associated with the risk of autism. These factors seem to act independently.
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Risk Factors for Autism: Perinatal Factors, Parental Psychiatric History, and Socioeconomic Status
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2005Co-Authors: Heidi Jeanet Larsson, William W Eaton, Kreesten Meldgaard Madsen, Mogens Vestergaard, Anne Vingaard Olesen, Esben Agerbo, Diana Schendel, Poul Thorsen, Preben Bo MortensenAbstract:: Research suggests that heredity and early fetal development play a causal role in autism. This case-control study explored the association between perinatal factors, parental Psychiatric History, socioeconomic status, and risk of autism. The study was nested within a cohort of all children born in Denmark after 1972 and at risk of being diagnosed with autism until December 1999. Prospectively recorded data were obtained from nationwide registries in Denmark. Cases totaled 698 children with a diagnosis of autism; each case was individually matched by gender, birth year, and age to 25 controls. Analyses by conditional logistic regression produced risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Adjusted analyses showed that the risk of autism was associated with breech presentation (risk ratio (RR) = 1.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18, 2.26), low Apgar score at 5 minutes (RR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.10, 3.27), gestational age at birth
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suicide risk in relation to family History of completed suicide and Psychiatric disorders a nested case control study based on longitudinal registers
The Lancet, 2002Co-Authors: Esben Agerbo, Preben Bo MortensenAbstract:Summary Background Familial clustering of suicidal behaviour has been well documented. We aimed to assess whether family History of completed suicide and mental illness that results in admission to hospital are risk factors for suicide, and whether these factors interact. Methods We did a nested case-control study using data from Danish longitudinal registers. We included 4262 people who had committed suicide aged 9–45 years during 1981–97 (cases), and 80 238 population-based controls matched for age, sex, and date of suicide. Suicide and Psychiatric History of parents and siblings and socioeconomic, demographic, and Psychiatric data for every case were retrieved and merged. Data were analysed with conditional logistic regression. Findings A family History of completed suicide and Psychiatric illness significantly and independently increased suicide risk (odds ratio 2·58 [95% Cl 1·84–3·61] and 1·31 [1·19–1·45], respectively). These effects were not accounted for by the socioeconomic status and Psychiatric History of cases. A History of family Psychiatric illness significantly raised suicide risk only in people without a History of Psychiatric illness (1·55 [1·38–1·75]), whereas a family History of suicide increased suicide risk irrespective of Psychiatric illness (2·37 [1·11-5·09] and 2·66 [1·82-3·88]) for people with and without a Psychiatric History, respectively. Interpretation Completed suicide and Psychiatric illness in relatives are risk factors for suicide, and the effect of family suicide History is independent of the familial cluster of mental disorders. Family History of suicide should be established in the assessment of suicide risk.
Terence J Obrien - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Psychiatric History does not predict seizure outcome following temporal lobectomy for mesial temporal sclerosis
Epilepsia, 2012Co-Authors: Sophia J Adams, Dennis Velakoulis, Andrew H Kaye, Niall M Corcoran, Terence J ObrienAbstract:Summary Purpose: A lifetime Psychiatric History has been reported to be associated with poorer seizure outcome following temporal lobectomy for drug-resistant focal epilepsy, but it remains unclear whether this is confounded by the nature of the epileptogenic pathology. Here we examined this association in a pathologically homogeneous group of patients with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS). Methods: The study population included 72 consecutive patients who underwent a temporal lobectomy for drug resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and had histopathologically proven MTS. All patients were assessed preoperatively by a neuropsychiatrist. Chi-square analysis was undertaken to look for demographic, clinical, Psychiatric, or neurologic factors associated with seizure outcome at 1 year. The relationship between having a Psychiatric disorder and seizure outcome was examined by generating Kaplan-Meier curves and comparing between groups the log rank test as well as generating Cox regression models to estimate hazard ratios. Key Findings: There were no significant associations between postsurgery seizure outcome and a current or lifetime History of any Psychiatric disorder. Significance: A History of Psychiatric disorder, in particular depression and psychosis, is not associated with a poorer surgical outcome in patients with MTS. These findings have implications for the clinical management of patients under consideration for temporal lobectomy.
Susan M Zbikowski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Regular article Smoking outcome by Psychiatric History after behavioral and varenicline treatment
2020Co-Authors: Jennifer B Mcclure, Gary E Swan, Sheryl L Catz, Lisa M Jack, Harold S Javitz, Tim Mcafee, Mona Deprey, Julie Richards, Susan M ZbikowskiAbstract:Treatment outcomes were compared across smokers enrolled in the COMPASS cessation trial with (positive Psychiatric History [PH+], n = 271) and without (PH−, n = 271) a diagnosis of PH based on medical record evidence of anxiety, depression, psychotic disorder, or bipolar disorder. Everyone received behavioral counseling plus varenicline and was followed for 6 months post quit date. PH+ smokers took varenicline for fewer days on average (59.4 vs. 68.5, p ≤ .01) but did not differ in their use of behavioral treatment. PH+ smokers were more likely to report anxiety and depression, but side-effect intensity ratings did not differ after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Overall, all side effects were rated as moderate intensity or less. Groups had similar 30-day abstinence rates at 6 months (31.5% PH+ vs. 35.4% PH−, p = .35). In sum, having a Psychiatric diagnosis in this trial did not predict worse treatment outcome or worse treatment side effects. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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smoking outcome by Psychiatric History after behavioral and varenicline treatment
Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 2010Co-Authors: Jennifer B Mcclure, Gary E Swan, Sheryl L Catz, Lisa M Jack, Harold S Javitz, Tim Mcafee, Mona Deprey, Julie Richards, Susan M ZbikowskiAbstract:Abstract Treatment outcomes were compared across smokers enrolled in the COMPASS cessation trial with (positive Psychiatric History [PH+], n = 271) and without (PH−, n = 271) a diagnosis of PH based on medical record evidence of anxiety, depression, psychotic disorder, or bipolar disorder. Everyone received behavioral counseling plus varenicline and was followed for 6 months post quit date. PH+ smokers took varenicline for fewer days on average (59.4 vs. 68.5, p ≤ .01) but did not differ in their use of behavioral treatment. PH+ smokers were more likely to report anxiety and depression, but side-effect intensity ratings did not differ after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Overall, all side effects were rated as moderate intensity or less. Groups had similar 30-day abstinence rates at 6 months (31.5% PH+ vs. 35.4% PH−, p = .35). In sum, having a Psychiatric diagnosis in this trial did not predict worse treatment outcome or worse treatment side effects.
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Mood, side-effects and smoking outcomes among persons with and without probable lifetime depression taking varenicline.
Journal of General Internal Medicine, 2009Co-Authors: Jennifer B Mcclure, Gary E Swan, Sheryl L Catz, Lisa M Jack, Tim Mcafee, Mona Deprey, Julie Richards, Susan M Zbikowski, Harold S JavitzAbstract:BACKGROUND Varenicline may be associated with greater mood disturbance and side-effects among smokers with Psychiatric History, but empirical evidence is limited. Differential treatment effectiveness by Psychiatric History may also exist.
Mads Melbye - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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risk treatment duration and recurrence risk of postpartum affective disorder in women with no prior Psychiatric History a population based cohort study
PLOS Medicine, 2017Co-Authors: Marielouise Hee Rasmussen, Marin Strom, Jan Wohlfahrt, Poul Videbech, Mads MelbyeAbstract:Background Some 5%–15% of all women experience postpartum depression (PPD), which for many is their first Psychiatric disorder. The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence of postpartum affective disorder (AD), duration of treatment, and rate of subsequent postpartum AD and other affective episodes in a nationwide cohort of women with no prior Psychiatric History. Methods and findings Linking information from several Danish national registers, we constructed a cohort of 457,317 primiparous mothers with first birth (and subsequent births) from 1 January 1996 to 31 December 2013 (a total of 789,068 births) and no prior Psychiatric hospital contacts and/or use of antidepressants. These women were followed from 1 January 1996 to 31 December 2014. Postpartum AD was defined as use of antidepressants and/or hospital contact for PPD within 6 months after childbirth. The main outcome measures were risk of postpartum AD, duration of treatment, and recurrence risk. We observed 4,550 (0.6%) postpartum episodes of AD. The analyses of treatment duration showed that 1 year after the initiation of treatment for their first episode, 27.9% of women were still in treatment; after 4 years, 5.4%. The recurrence risk of postpartum AD for women with a PPD hospital contact after first birth was 55.4 per 100 person-years; for women with postpartum antidepressant medication after first birth, it was 35.0 per 100 person-years. The rate of postpartum AD after second birth for women with no History of postpartum AD was 1.2 per 100 person-years. After adjusting for year of birth and mother’s age, women with PPD hospital contact after first birth had a 46.4 times higher rate (95% CI 31.5–68.4) and women with postpartum antidepressant medication after their first birth had a 26.9 times higher rate (95% CI 21.9–33.2) of a recurrent postpartum episode after their second birth compared to women with no postpartum AD History. Limitations include the use of registry data to identify cases and limited confounder control. Conclusions In this study, an episode of postpartum AD was observed for 0.6% of childbirths among women with no prior Psychiatric History. The observed episodes were characterized by a relatively short treatment duration, yet the women had a notably high rate of later AD and recurrent episodes of postpartum AD. The recurrence risk of postpartum AD was markedly higher among women with PPD hospital contact after first birth compared to women with postpartum antidepressant medication after first birth. Our results underline the necessity of measures targeted at specific vulnerable groups, such as women who experience PPD as a first Psychiatric episode.
Johan Ormel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sensitivity to psychosocial chronic stressors and adolescents externalizing problems combined moderator effects of resting heart rate and parental Psychiatric History
Biological Psychology, 2018Co-Authors: Anna Roos E Zandstra, Edwin R Van Den Heuvel, Andrea Dietrich, Pieter J Hoekstra, Johan Ormel, Catharina A HartmanAbstract:Abstract From the literature it is not clear whether low resting heart rate (HR) reflects low or high sensitivity to the detrimental effects of adverse environments on externalizing problems. We studied parental Psychiatric History (PH), reflecting general vulnerability, as possible moderator explaining these inconsistencies. Using Linear Mixed Models, we analyzed data from 1914 subjects, obtained in three measurement waves (mean age 11, 13.5, and 16 years) from the TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey population-based cohort and the parallel clinic-referred cohort. As hypothesized, more chronic stressors predicted more externalizing problems in vulnerable individuals with high resting HR but not in those with low resting HR, suggesting high vs. low sensitivity, respectively, to adverse environmental influences. Low sensitivity to adverse environmental influences in vulnerable individuals exposed to high stressor levels was additionally confirmed by high heart rate variability (Root Mean Squared Successive Difference; RMSSD). In adolescents with low vulnerability, in contrast, the association between chronic stressors and externalizing problems did not substantially differ by resting HR and RMSSD. Future research may demonstrate whether our findings extend to other adverse, or beneficial, influences. Notwithstanding their theoretical interest, the effects were small, only pertained to parent-reported externalizing problems, refer to a small subset of respondents in our sample, and are in need of replication. We conclude that HR and RMSSD are unlikely to be strong moderators of the association between stressors and externalizing problems.
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functional outcomes of child and adolescent mental disorders current disorder most important but Psychiatric History matters as well
Psychological Medicine, 2017Co-Authors: Johan Ormel, Wilma A M Vollebergh, Catharina A Hartman, Anoek M Oerlemans, Dennis Raven, Odillia M Laceulle, Rene Veenstra, Frank C Verhulst, Judith G M Rosmalen, Sijmen A ReijneveldAbstract:BACKGROUND: Various sources indicate that mental disorders are the leading contributor to the burden of disease among youth. An important determinant of functioning is current mental health status. This study investigated whether Psychiatric History has additional predictive power when predicting individual differences in functional outcomes. METHOD: We used data from the Dutch TRAILS study in which 1778 youths were followed from pre-adolescence into young adulthood (retention 80%). Of those, 1584 youths were successfully interviewed, at age 19, using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0) to assess current and past CIDI-DSM-IV mental disorders. Four outcome domains were assessed at the same time: economic (e.g. academic achievement, social benefits, financial difficulties), social (early motherhood, interpersonal conflicts, antisocial behavior), psychological (e.g. suicidality, subjective well-being, loneliness), and health behavior (e.g. smoking, problematic alcohol, cannabis use). RESULTS: Out of the 19 outcomes, 14 were predicted by both current and past disorders, three only by past disorders (receiving social benefits, Psychiatric hospitalization, adolescent motherhood), and two only by current disorder (absenteeism, obesity). Which type of disorders was most important depended on the outcome. Adjusted for current disorder, past internalizing disorders predicted in particular psychological outcomes while externalizing disorders predicted in particular health behavior outcomes. Economic and social outcomes were predicted by a History of co-morbidity of internalizing and externalizing disorder. The risk of problematic cannabis use and alcohol consumption dropped with a History of internalizing disorder. CONCLUSION: To understand current functioning, it is necessary to examine both current and past Psychiatric status.
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neuroticism s prospective association with mental disorders halves after adjustment for baseline symptoms and Psychiatric History but the adjusted association hardly decays with time a meta analysis on 59 longitudinal prospective studies with 443 313
Psychological Medicine, 2016Co-Authors: Bertus F Jeronimus, Roman Kotov, Harriette Riese, Johan OrmelAbstract:Background This meta-analysis seeks to quantify the prospective association between neuroticism and the common mental disorders (CMDs, including anxiety, depression, and substance abuse) as well as thought disorders (psychosis/schizophrenia) and non-specific mental distress. Data on the degree of confounding of the prospective association of neuroticism by baseline symptoms and Psychiatric History, and the rate of decay of neuroticism's effect over time, can inform theories about the structure of psychopathology and role of neuroticism, in particular the vulnerability theory. Method This meta-analysis included 59 longitudinal/prospective studies with 443 313 participants. Results The results showed large unadjusted prospective associations between neuroticism and symptoms/diagnosis of anxiety, depression, and non-specific mental distress ( d = 0.50–0.70). Adjustment for baseline symptoms and Psychiatric History reduced the associations by half ( d = 0.10–0.40). Unadjusted prospective associations for substance abuse and thought disorders/symptoms were considerably weaker ( d = 0.03–0.20), but were not attenuated by adjustment for baseline problems. Unadjusted prospective associations were four times larger over short ( Adjusted effects, however, were only slightly larger over short v. long time intervals. This indicates that confounding by baseline symptoms and Psychiatric History masks the long-term stability of the neuroticism vulnerability effect. Conclusion High neuroticism indexes a risk constellation that exists prior to the development and onset of any CMD. The adjusted prospective neuroticism effect remains robust and hardly decays with time. Our results underscore the need to focus on the mechanisms underlying this prospective association.
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chronic stress and adolescents mental health modifying effects of basal cortisol and parental Psychiatric History the trails study
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2015Co-Authors: Anna Roos E Zandstra, Catharina A Hartman, Esther Nederhof, Edwin R Van Den Heuvel, Andrea Dietrich, Pieter J Hoekstra, Johan OrmelAbstract:Large individual differences in adolescent mental health following chronic psychosocial stress suggest moderating factors. We examined two established moderators, basal cortisol and parental Psychiatric History, simultaneously. We hypothesized that individuals with high basal cortisol, assumed to indicate high context sensitivity, would show relatively high problem levels following chronic stress, especially in the presence of parental Psychiatric History. With Linear Mixed Models, we investigated the hypotheses in 1917 Dutch adolescents (53.2 % boys), assessed at ages 11, 13.5, and 16. Low basal cortisol combined with the absence of a parental Psychiatric History increased the risk of externalizing but not internalizing problems following chronic stress. Conversely, low basal cortisol combined with a substantial parental Psychiatric History increased the risk of internalizing but not externalizing problems following chronic stress. Thus, parental Psychiatric History moderated stress- cortisol interactions in predicting psychopathology, but in a different direction than hypothesized. We conclude that the premise that basal cortisol indicates context sensitivity may be too crude. Context sensitivity may not be a general trait but may depend on the nature of the context (e.g., type or duration of stress exposure) and on the outcome of interest (e.g., internalizing vs. externalizing problems). Although consistent across informants, our findings need replication.
