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Reginaldo Peçanha Brazil - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the current status of the lutzomyia longipalpis diptera Psychodidae phlebotominae species complex
Memorias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 2017Co-Authors: N.a. De Souza, Reginaldo Peçanha BrazilAbstract:Lutzomyia longipalpis s.l. is a complex of sibling species and is the principal vector of American visceral leishmaniasis. The present review summarises the diversity of efforts that have been undertaken to elucidate the number of unnamed species in this species complex and the phylogenetic relationships among them. A wide variety of evidence, including chemical, behavioral and molecular traits, suggests very recent speciation events and complex population structure in this group. Although significant advances have been achieved to date, differential vector capacity and the correlation between structure of parasite and vector populations have yet to be elucidated. Furthermore, increased knowledge about recent epidemiological changes, such as urbanisation, is essential for pursuing effective strategies for sandfly control in the New World.
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participation of heparin binding proteins from the surface of leishmania viannia braziliensis promastigotes in the adhesion of parasites to lutzomyia longipalpis cells lulo in vitro
Parasites & Vectors, 2012Co-Authors: Luzia Monteiro De Castro Cortes, Reginaldo Peçanha Brazil, Mirian Claudia De Souza Pereira, Franklin Souza Da Silva, Bernardo Acacio Santini Pereira, Francisco Odencio De Oliveira, Renata Oliveira De Araujo Soares, Leny Toma, Carolina M Vicente, Helena B NaderAbstract:Background Leishmania (V.) braziliensis is a causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil. During the parasite life cycle, the promastigotes adhere to the gut of sandflies, to avoid being eliminated with the dejection. The Lulo cell line, derived from Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae), is a suitable in vitro study model to understand the features of parasite adhesion. Here, we analyze the role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from Lulo cells and proteins from the parasites in this event.
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synthetic sex pheromone attracts the leishmaniasis vector lutzomyia longipalpis diptera Psychodidae to traps in the field
Journal of Medical Entomology, 2009Co-Authors: Daniel P Bray, Reginaldo Peçanha Brazil, Krishna K Bandi, A G Oliveira, J G C HamiltonAbstract:ABSTRACT Improving vector control remains a key goal in reducing the world's burden of infectious diseases. More cost-effective approaches to vector control are urgently needed, particularly because vaccines are unavailable and treatment is prohibitively expensive. The causative agent of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL), Leishmania chagasi, Cunha and Chagas (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), is transmitted between animal and human hosts by blood-feeding female sand flies attracted to mating aggregations formed on or above host animals by male-produced sex pheromones. Our results show the potential of using synthetic pheromones to control populations of Lutzomyia longipalpis Lutz and Neiva (Diptera: Psychodidae), the sand fly vector of one of the world's most important neglected diseases, AVL. We showed that a synthetic pheromone, (±) -9-methylger-macrene-B, produced from a low-cost plant intermediate, attracted females in the laboratory. By formulating dispensers that released this pheromone at a ra...
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analysis of the sex pheromone extract of individual male lutzomyia longipalpis sandflies from six regions in brazil
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2005Co-Authors: J G C Hamilton, R. Maingon, R. D. Ward, B Alexander, Reginaldo Peçanha BrazilAbstract:Although the phlebotomine sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Diptera: Psychodidae) is generally accepted to be a species complex, it is unclear how many members there are, how they are related and which are the main vectors of leishmaniasis. The vectorial capacity of each sibling species is likely to differ, thus a means of identifying the most important vector species is of critical importance to the epidemiology and control of this debilitating disease in South and Central America. In Brazil four chemotypes have been distinguished by sex pheromone analysis. In this study the sex pheromone extracts of L. longipalpis from six regions of Brazil were analysed in detail. Samples included the sympatric 1-spot, 2-spot and intermediate spot morphotypes from Sobral, Ceara State. The results strongly suggest that members of the complex that produce different sex pheromones are reproductively isolated, thus strengthening the argument that the different chemotypes represent true sibling species. The study also found significant differences in morphology and the amounts of sex pheromone produced by members of each chemotype from different parts of Brazil, which suggests population substructuring that has not previously been recognized. Evidence of a fifth chemotype in Brazil is also presented.
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analysis of the sex pheromone extract of individual male lutzomyia longipalpis sandflies from six regions in brazil
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2005Co-Authors: J G C Hamilton, R. Maingon, R. D. Ward, B Alexander, Reginaldo Peçanha BrazilAbstract:Although the phlebotomine sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Diptera: Psychodidae) is generally accepted to be a species complex, it is unclear how many members there are, how they are related and which are the main vectors of leishmaniasis. The vectorial capacity of each sibling species is likely to differ, thus a means of identifying the most important vector species is of critical importance to the epidemiology and control of this debilitating disease in South and Central America. In Brazil four chemotypes have been distinguished by sex pheromone analysis. In this study the sex pheromone extracts of L. longipalpis from six regions of Brazil were analysed in detail. Samples included the sympatric 1-spot, 2-spot and intermediate spot morphotypes from Sobral, Ceara State. The results strongly suggest that members of the complex that produce different sex pheromones are reproductively isolated, thus strengthening the argument that the different chemotypes represent true sibling species. The study also found significant differences in morphology and the amounts of sex pheromone produced by members of each chemotype from different parts of Brazil, which suggests population substructuring that has not previously been recognized. Evidence of a fifth chemotype in Brazil is also presented.
Petr Volf - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparative study of promastigote and amastigote initiated infection of leishmania infantum kinetoplastida trypanosomatidae in phlebotomus perniciosus diptera Psychodidae conducted in different biosafety level laboratories
Journal of Medical Entomology, 2020Co-Authors: Slavica Vaselek, Jorian Prudhomme, Annelaure Banuls, Jitka Myskova, Tereza Lestinova, Tatiana Spitzova, Petr VolfAbstract:Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are natural vectors of Leishmania. For the initiation of sand fly experimental infections either Leishmania amastigotes or promastigotes can be used. In order to obtain comparable results, it is necessary to adjust and standardize procedures. During this study, we conducted promastigote- and amastigote-initiated infections of Leishmania infantum Nicolle, 1908 parasites in Phlebotomus (Larroussius) perniciosus Newstead, 1911 in two laboratories with different levels of biosafety protection. Protocol originally designed for a biosafety level 2 facility was modified for biosafety level 3 facility and infection parameters were compared. Particularly, specially designed plastic containers were used for blood feeding; feeders were placed outside the sand fly cage, on the top of the mesh; feeding was performed inside the climatic chamber; separation of engorged females was done in Petri dishes kept on ice; engorged females were kept in the cardboard containers until dissection. All experiments, conducted in both laboratories, resulted in fully developed late stage infections with high number of parasites and colonization of the stomodeal valve. We demonstrated that protocol originally designed for biosafety level 2 facilities can be successfully modified for other biosafety facilities, depending on the special requirements of the individual institution/laboratory.
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laboratory colonization and mass rearing of phlebotomine sand flies diptera Psychodidae
Parasite, 2017Co-Authors: Phillip G Lawyer, Mireille Killickkendrick, Tobin Rowland, Edgar D Rowton, Petr VolfAbstract:Laboratory colonies of phlebotomine sand flies are necessary for experimental study of their biology, behaviour and mutual relations with disease agents and for testing new methods of vector control. They are indispensable in genetic studies and controlled observations on the physiology and behaviour of sand flies, neglected subjects of high priority. Colonies are of particular value for screening insecticides. Colonized sand flies are used as live vector models in a diverse array of research projects, including xenodiagnosis, that are directed toward control of leishmaniasis and other sand fly-associated diseases. Historically, labour-intensive maintenance and low productivity have limited their usefulness for research, especially for species that do not adapt well to laboratory conditions. However, with growing interest in leishmaniasis research, rearing techniques have been developed and refined, and sand fly colonies have become more common, enabling many significant breakthroughs. Today, there are at least 90 colonies representing 21 distinct phlebotomine sand fly species in 35 laboratories in 18 countries worldwide. The materials and methods used by various sand fly workers differ, dictated by the availability of resources, cost or manpower constraints rather than choice. This paper is not intended as a comprehensive review but rather a discussion of methods and techniques most commonly used by researchers to initiate, establish and maintain sand fly colonies, with emphasis on the methods proven to be most effective for the species the authors have colonized. Topics discussed include collecting sand flies for colony stock, colony initiation, maintenance and mass-rearing procedures, and control of sand fly pathogens in colonies.
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effect of temperature on metabolism of phlebotomus papatasi diptera Psychodidae
Journal of Medical Entomology, 2007Co-Authors: Ivana Benkova, Petr VolfAbstract:Abstract Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) (Diptera: Psychodidae) is the most important vector of Leishmania major, and previous experiments revealed that Leishmania development in the sand fly midgut is significantly affected by temperature. Therefore, we maintained blood-fed P. papatasi females at 23 or 28°C to understand the effect of temperature on bloodmeal digestion and developmental times of this sand fly. At the lower temperature, the metabolic processes were slower and developmental times were longer: defecation, oviposition, and egg hatch started later and took longer to complete. Also, the mortality of blood-fed females was significantly lower. The defecation of bloodmeal remains was delayed for 12–36 h at 23°C compared with the group maintained at 28°C. Such delay would provide more time for Leishmania to establish the midgut infection and could partially explain the increased susceptibility of P. papatasi to Leishmania major at 23°C. In both experimental groups, blood-fed females laid similar nu...
Leonard E Munstermann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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phlebotomine sand flies and moth flies Psychodidae
2019Co-Authors: Leonard E MunstermannAbstract:Abstract Flies of the family Psychodidae are widespread and taxonomically diverse. The subfamily Psychodinae contains approximately 4,000 species and has little economic or medical importance. Its most well-known species are the moth flies Psychoda alternata and Clogmia albipunctata due to their widespread association with house drainpipes and sewage treatment plants. The subfamily Phlebotominae, commonly known as sand flies, with nearly 1,000 members, is of high medical importance because of their blood feeding and ability to transmit causative agents of human and animal diseases. Genera of medical importance are Lutzomyia sensu latu confined to the Americas and Phlebotomus distributed throughout the Old World. Leishmaniasis, the major disease, affects an estimated 12 million people worldwide. Other important diseases for which they serve as vectors include vesicular stomatitis, sand fly fever, and bartonellosis. Two phlebotomine species, Lutzomyia longipalpis and Phlebotomus papatasi, are particularly well known because of their ease in colonization and their critical roles in leishmaniasis transmission. Depending on locality and the occurrence of various forms of leishmaniasis, several dozen other phlebotomine species also can be involved as competent vectors.
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phylogenetics of the phlebotomine sand fly group verrucarum diptera Psychodidae lutzomyia
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2011Co-Authors: Lee W. Cohnstaedt, Cristina Ferro, Lorenza Beati, Abraham G. Cáceres, Leonard E MunstermannAbstract:Abstract. Within the sand fly genus Lutzomyia, the Verrucarum species group contains several of the principal vectors of American cutaneous leishmaniasis and human bartonellosis in the Andean region of South America. The group encompasses 40 species for which the taxonomic status, phylogenetic relationships, and role of each species in disease transmission remain unresolved. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) phylogenetic analysis of a 667-bp fragment supported the morphological classification of the Verrucarum group into series. Genetic sequences from seven species were grouped in well-supported monophyletic lineages. Four species, however, clustered in two paraphyletic lineages that indicate conspecificity—the Lutzomyia longiflocosa–Lutzomyia sauroida pair and the Lutzomyia quasitownsendi–Lutzomyia torvida pair. COI sequences were also evaluated as a taxonomic tool based on interspecific genetic variability within the Verrucarum group and the intraspecific variability of one of its members, Lutzomyia verrucarum, across its known distribution.
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spatial and temporal patterns of phlebotomine sand flies diptera Psychodidae in a cutaneous leishmaniasis focus in northern argentina
Journal of Medical Entomology, 2004Co-Authors: Oscar Daniel Salomon, Leonard E Munstermann, Mark L Wilson, Bruno L TraviAbstract:Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) were captured in an area of Argentina endemic for American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). A total of 44,944 flies were collected during a 130-wk interepidemic period from 1990 through 1993. These sand flies included Lutzomyia neivai (Pinto) (97.8%), Lutzomyia migonei (Franca) (1.2%), Lutzomyia cortelezzii (Brethes) (0.8%), Lutzomyia shannoni (Dyar) (0.1%), and Lutzomyia punctigeniculata (Floch and Abonnenc) (0.1%). Lutzomyia neivai was more abundant in secondary forests and peridomestic environments associated with human cases than in primary forest or xeric thorn scrub areas. Time series analyses of species densities suggested a bimodal or trimodal annual pattern related to rainfall peaks, a 5-wk reproductive cycle, and peridomestic local populations that were located adjacent to secondary forests. In general, sand fly abundance was correlated with the rainfall of the previous year. Lutzomyia neivai spatial distributions were consistent with ACL incidence patterns during the study and in the recent outbreaks in Argentina. However, Lu. migonei also may be involved in peridomestic transmission. Our results suggest that there is a need for improved, long-term surveillance of sand flies and ACL cases, as well as development of effective intervention strategies.
J G C Hamilton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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synthetic sex pheromone attracts the leishmaniasis vector lutzomyia longipalpis diptera Psychodidae to traps in the field
Journal of Medical Entomology, 2009Co-Authors: Daniel P Bray, Reginaldo Peçanha Brazil, Krishna K Bandi, A G Oliveira, J G C HamiltonAbstract:ABSTRACT Improving vector control remains a key goal in reducing the world's burden of infectious diseases. More cost-effective approaches to vector control are urgently needed, particularly because vaccines are unavailable and treatment is prohibitively expensive. The causative agent of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL), Leishmania chagasi, Cunha and Chagas (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), is transmitted between animal and human hosts by blood-feeding female sand flies attracted to mating aggregations formed on or above host animals by male-produced sex pheromones. Our results show the potential of using synthetic pheromones to control populations of Lutzomyia longipalpis Lutz and Neiva (Diptera: Psychodidae), the sand fly vector of one of the world's most important neglected diseases, AVL. We showed that a synthetic pheromone, (±) -9-methylger-macrene-B, produced from a low-cost plant intermediate, attracted females in the laboratory. By formulating dispensers that released this pheromone at a ra...
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the lutzomyia longipalpis species complex does population sub structure matter to leishmania transmission
Trends in Parasitology, 2008Co-Authors: R. Maingon, R. D. Ward, J G C Hamilton, Alexandre A. PeixotoAbstract:Leishmania chagasi causes visceral leishmaniasis and, to a lesser extent, atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis in Central and South America. Its main sand fly vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis s.l. (Diptera: Psychodidae) displays a complex population structure that might contribute to the observed clinical pleomorphism and to recent major urban epidemics. This article summarises our understanding on reproductive barriers and hybridisation among this vector's sibling incipient species. Identifying genes important for sand fly ecological adaptability and sand fly– Leishmania genetic co-variation could be helpful for interrupting Leishmania transmission.
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analysis of the sex pheromone extract of individual male lutzomyia longipalpis sandflies from six regions in brazil
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2005Co-Authors: J G C Hamilton, R. Maingon, R. D. Ward, B Alexander, Reginaldo Peçanha BrazilAbstract:Although the phlebotomine sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Diptera: Psychodidae) is generally accepted to be a species complex, it is unclear how many members there are, how they are related and which are the main vectors of leishmaniasis. The vectorial capacity of each sibling species is likely to differ, thus a means of identifying the most important vector species is of critical importance to the epidemiology and control of this debilitating disease in South and Central America. In Brazil four chemotypes have been distinguished by sex pheromone analysis. In this study the sex pheromone extracts of L. longipalpis from six regions of Brazil were analysed in detail. Samples included the sympatric 1-spot, 2-spot and intermediate spot morphotypes from Sobral, Ceara State. The results strongly suggest that members of the complex that produce different sex pheromones are reproductively isolated, thus strengthening the argument that the different chemotypes represent true sibling species. The study also found significant differences in morphology and the amounts of sex pheromone produced by members of each chemotype from different parts of Brazil, which suggests population substructuring that has not previously been recognized. Evidence of a fifth chemotype in Brazil is also presented.
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analysis of the sex pheromone extract of individual male lutzomyia longipalpis sandflies from six regions in brazil
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2005Co-Authors: J G C Hamilton, R. Maingon, R. D. Ward, B Alexander, Reginaldo Peçanha BrazilAbstract:Although the phlebotomine sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Diptera: Psychodidae) is generally accepted to be a species complex, it is unclear how many members there are, how they are related and which are the main vectors of leishmaniasis. The vectorial capacity of each sibling species is likely to differ, thus a means of identifying the most important vector species is of critical importance to the epidemiology and control of this debilitating disease in South and Central America. In Brazil four chemotypes have been distinguished by sex pheromone analysis. In this study the sex pheromone extracts of L. longipalpis from six regions of Brazil were analysed in detail. Samples included the sympatric 1-spot, 2-spot and intermediate spot morphotypes from Sobral, Ceara State. The results strongly suggest that members of the complex that produce different sex pheromones are reproductively isolated, thus strengthening the argument that the different chemotypes represent true sibling species. The study also found significant differences in morphology and the amounts of sex pheromone produced by members of each chemotype from different parts of Brazil, which suggests population substructuring that has not previously been recognized. Evidence of a fifth chemotype in Brazil is also presented.
Bulent Alten - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sampling strategies for phlebotomine sand flies diptera Psychodidae in europe
Bulletin of Entomological Research, 2015Co-Authors: Bulent Alten, Yusuf Ozbel, Koray Ergunay, Ozge Erisoz Kasap, Benjamin Cull, Maria Antoniou, Enkelejda Velo, Jorian Prudhomme, Ricardo Molina, Annelaure BanulsAbstract:The distribution of phlebotomine sand flies is widely reported to be changing in Europe. This can be attributed to either the discovery of sand flies in areas where they were previously overlooked (generally following an outbreak of leishmaniasis or other sand fly-related disease) or to true expansion of their range as a result of climatic or environmental changes. Routine surveillance for phlebotomines in Europe is localized, and often one of the challenges for entomologists working in non-leishmaniasis endemic countries is the lack of knowledge on how to conduct, plan and execute sampling for phlebotomines, or how to adapt on-going sampling strategies for other haematophagous diptera. This review brings together published and unpublished expert knowledge on sampling strategies for European phlebotomines of public health concern in order to provide practical advice on: how to conduct surveys; the collection and interpretation of field data; suitable techniques for the preservation of specimens obtained by different sampling methods; molecular techniques used for species identification; and the pathogens associated with sand flies and their detection methods.
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a summary of the evidence for the change in european distribution of phlebotomine sand flies diptera Psychodidae of public health importance
Journal of Vector Ecology, 2014Co-Authors: Jolyon M Medlock, Kayleigh M Hansford, Wim Van Bortel, H Zeller, Bulent AltenAbstract:The phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) are vectors of several infectious pathogens. The presence of a sand fly vector is considered to be a risk factor for the emergence of leishmaniasis in temperate Europe. Hence, the occurrence of phlebotomine sand flies and any changes in their distribution is important in determining the potential change in distribution of leishmaniasis in Europe. Therefore, published evidence for a changing distribution of the important phlebotomine sand fly vectors of leishmaniasis and phlebovirus infection in Europe is reviewed. This paper presents evidence of an increasing risk of establishment by sand fly species, especially for the Atlantic Coast and inland parts of Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. In addition to detection in potentially appropriate areas, the findings show areas of potential future establishment of the species. The most important and urgent necessity within the community of entomologists working on phlebotomines is the need to record the extremes of distribution of each species and obtain data on their regional presence/absence along with increased sharing of the data throughout European projects.
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comparative demography of the sand fly phlebotomus papatasi diptera Psychodidae at constant temperatures
Journal of Vector Ecology, 2006Co-Authors: Ozge Erisoz Kasap, Bulent AltenAbstract:ABSTRACT We measured reproductive and population parameters of adult sand flies, Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli, 1786) (Diptera: Psychodidae), in environmental chambers maintained at temperatures of 15, 18, 20, 25, 28, and 32° C. Based on cohorts of adults at each temperature regime, horizontal life tables were constructed using established laboratory colonies initiated from specimens collected in Sanliurfa Province, southeastern Anatolia, Turkey. The fecundity and longevity of the insects were both highly variable, depending on the temperature. At 15° C, all of the cohort females died before laying eggs, so the construction of a life table for this temperature regime was not possible. Within a range of 18 to 32° C, the longevity of adult P. papatasi increased as the temperature decreased; at 15° C, the mean survival times of females and males were 19.04±6.94 days (9–35) and 17.84±7.11 days (9–33), respectively. While the highest number of eggs was found in the cohort at 28° C (44.08±7.79), this was only 3...
