The Experts below are selected from a list of 273 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Andrew E Clark - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
unemployment as a social norm Psychological evidence from panel data
Journal of Labor Economics, 2003Co-Authors: Andrew E ClarkAbstract:This article uses seven waves of panel data to test for social norms in labor market status. The unemployed's well‐being is shown to be strongly positively correlated with reference group unemployment (at the regional, partner, or household level). This result, far stronger for men, is robust to controls for unobserved individual heterogeneity. Panel data also show that those whose well‐being fell the most on entering unemployment are less likely to remain unemployed. These findings suggest a Psychological Explanation of both unemployment polarization and hysteresis, based on the utility effects of a changing employment norm in the reference group.
-
unemployment as a social norm Psychological evidence from panel data
Research Papers in Economics, 2001Co-Authors: Andrew E ClarkAbstract:This paper uses data from the first seven waves of the British Household Panel Survey to test a key implication of a social norm of employment: that the utility of the unemployed rises with the unemployment rate of their reference group. The GHQ-12 measure of individual well-being is taken as a proxy utility measure, and the unemployment rate in the region, of the partner, and in the household are taken as measures of adherence to the employment norm. The unemployment of "relevant others" is shown often to reduce the well-being of the employed, but to be strongly positively correlated with the well-being of the unemployed. This result, far stronger for men, is robust to controls for unobserved individual heterogeneity. Last, panel data shows that those whose well-being fell the most upon entering unemployment are both somewhat more likely to search for a new job and less likely to remain unemployed. Together, these findings suggest a Psychological Explanation of both unemployment polarisation and labour market hysteresis, based on the utility effects of reduced adherence to the employment norm in the reference group.
Martin Lang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
identity fusion outgroup relations and sacrifice a cross cultural test
Cognition, 2019Co-Authors: Benjamin Grant Purzycki, Martin LangAbstract:Identity fusion theory has become a popular Psychological Explanation of costly self-sacrifice. It posits that while maintaining one’s own individual identity, a deep affinity with one’s group can contribute to sacrifice for that group. We test this and related hypotheses using a behavioral economic experiment designed to detect biased, self-interested favoritism among eight different populations ranging from foragers and horticulturalists to the fully market-integrated. We find that while individuals favor themselves on average, those with higher ingroup fusion sacrifice more money to other members of their ingroup who are unable to reciprocate. We also find that positive outgroup relations has a similar effect. Additionally, we assess a recently-posited interaction between ingroup and outgroup relations and show no consistent effect at the individual or sub-sample levels.
Kirsti Malterud - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
it is hard work behaving as a credible patient encounters between women with chronic pain and their doctors
Social Science & Medicine, 2003Co-Authors: Anne Werner, Kirsti MalterudAbstract:Abstract In various studies during the last decade, women with medically unexplained disorders have reported negative experiences during medical encounters. Accounts of being met with scepticism and lack of comprehension, feeling rejected, ignored, and being belittled, blamed for their condition and assigned Psychological Explanation models are common. Women patients exerted themselves to attract the doctor's medical attention and interest, and were anxious to be considered as whiners or complainers. Here, we explore the nature of “work” done by the patients in order to be believed, understood, and taken seriously when consulting the doctor. A qualitative study was conducted with in-depth interviews including a purposeful sampling of 10 women of varying ages and backgrounds with chronic muscular pain. The main outcome measures were descriptions reflecting the patients’ activities or efforts invested in being perceived as a credible patient. We focused on the gendered dimensions of the experiences. The women patients’ accounts indicated hard work to make the symptoms socially visible, real, and physical when consulting a doctor. Their efforts reflect a subtle balance not to appear too strong or too weak, too healthy or too sick, or too smart or too disarranged. Attempting to fit in with normative, biomedical expectations of correctness, they tested strategies such as appropriate assertiveness, surrendering, and appearance. The most important activities or efforts varied. However, the informants were not only struggling for their credibility. Their stories illustrated a struggle for the maintenance of self-esteem or dignity as patients and as women. The material was interpreted within a feminist frame of reference, emphasising the relationship between dignity and shame, power and disempowerment for women patients’ with medically unexplained disorders.
Benjamin Grant Purzycki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
identity fusion outgroup relations and sacrifice a cross cultural test
Cognition, 2019Co-Authors: Benjamin Grant Purzycki, Martin LangAbstract:Identity fusion theory has become a popular Psychological Explanation of costly self-sacrifice. It posits that while maintaining one’s own individual identity, a deep affinity with one’s group can contribute to sacrifice for that group. We test this and related hypotheses using a behavioral economic experiment designed to detect biased, self-interested favoritism among eight different populations ranging from foragers and horticulturalists to the fully market-integrated. We find that while individuals favor themselves on average, those with higher ingroup fusion sacrifice more money to other members of their ingroup who are unable to reciprocate. We also find that positive outgroup relations has a similar effect. Additionally, we assess a recently-posited interaction between ingroup and outgroup relations and show no consistent effect at the individual or sub-sample levels.
Giosue Baggio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
theory before the test how to build high verisimilitude explanatory theories in Psychological science
Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2021Co-Authors: Iris Van Rooij, Giosue BaggioAbstract:Drawing on the philosophy of Psychological Explanation, we suggest that Psychological science, by focusing on effects, may lose sight of its primary explananda: Psychological capacities. We revisit Marr's levels-of-analysis framework, which has been remarkably productive and useful for cognitive Psychological Explanation. We discuss ways in which Marr's framework may be extended to other areas of psychology, such as social, developmental, and evolutionary psychology, bringing new benefits to these fields. We then show how theoretical analyses can endow a theory with minimal plausibility even before contact with empirical data: We call this the theoretical cycle. Finally, we explain how our proposal may contribute to addressing critical issues in Psychological science, including how to leverage effects to understand capacities better.