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Lance M Mccracke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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preliminary investigation of the associations between Psychological Flexibility symptoms and daily functioning in people with chronic abdominal pain
British journal of pain, 2020Co-Authors: Yoram Inspecto, Lance M MccrackeAbstract:Objective:Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), based in the Psychological Flexibility model, may benefit people with chronic abdominal pain. The current study preliminarily investigates associa...
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parent Psychological Flexibility in the context of pediatric pain brief assessment and associations with parent behaviour and child functioning
European Journal of Pain, 2019Co-Authors: Inge Timmers, Lance M Mccracke, Laura E Simons, Jessica M Hernandez, Dusti P WallaceAbstract:BACKGROUND The parent's role in the context of pediatric chronic pain is essential. There is growing evidence that parent Psychological Flexibility positively impacts child functioning. To assess parents' abilities to respond with Psychological Flexibility to their child's pain, the Parent Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire (PPFQ) was developed. Here, we aim to validate the 10-item version of the questionnaire in an English-speaking population and to evaluate associations with parent behaviour, child pain acceptance and functioning. METHODS Five hundred and seventy-eight parent-child dyads presenting at a pediatric pain clinic were included (92% mothers, average child age 15.2 ± 1.6 years). The PPFQ was completed by the parent. Parent and child also completed other standardized questionnaires. In addition to confirmatory factor analysis and assessments of reliability and validity of the PPFQ-10, a mediation analysis was performed to examine the direct and indirect effects of parent Psychological Flexibility on child functioning. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis supported the three-factor model with subscales for Values-Based Action, Pain Willingness and Emotional Acceptance, and the PPFQ-10 demonstrated strong psychometric properties. After controlling for child pain, parent Psychological Flexibility indirectly affected child functioning through its association with both parent behaviour (i.e., protectiveness) and child pain acceptance. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide further support for use of the PPFQ-10 and the importance of assessing and addressing parent Psychological Flexibility in the context of child chronic pain. Our data show that parent Psychological Flexibility has an important adaptive role and can impact child functioning through two different routes, both of which can be actively targeted in treatment. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings demonstrate that the PPFQ-10 is an efficient measure of parent Psychological Flexibility, demonstrating strong psychometric properties. Furthermore, our analyses showed that parent Psychological Flexibility indirectly affects child functioning through associations with both adaptive parent behaviour and child functioning. Taken together, this study furthers the understanding of how parent Psychological Flexibility operates and affects children with chronic pain, and may inform and optimize treatments aimed at improving functioning by addressing child and parent coping.
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the role of Psychological Flexibility in relation to suicidal thinking in chronic pain
European Journal of Pain, 2018Co-Authors: Lance M Mccracke, Shrina Patel, Whitney ScoAbstract:Background Suicidal thinking (ST) is common in people with chronic pain. It is relevant as it can be associated with suicidal attempts, and typically reflects significant suffering. While little is known about the Psychological processes that contribute to ST, current Psychological models, such as the Psychological Flexibility (PF) model, could help guide further investigation. This study investigates relations between ST and components of PF in chronic pain. Methods Participants were 424 adults attending treatment for chronic pain in the UK. Included in measures administered before treatment were standardized measures of depression, pain, pain-related interference, and measures of PF, including acceptance, cognitive defusion, committed action, and self-as-context. An item from the measure of depression was used to reflect ST. Results A large proportion of the sample reported ST, 45.7%. ST was uncorrelated with participant background characteristic, medications taken, or pain intensity. However, it was correlated with the presence of widespread pain, pain-related interference, and depression. Each component of PF was found to be significantly negatively associated with ST, as predicted. General acceptance correlated with ST at a level equal to that achieved by the depression score. In adjusted multivariate logistic regression general acceptance and committed action remained significantly uniquely associated with it. Conclusion This preliminary study suggests for the first time that components of PF are associated with part of a pattern of suicidal behaviour in people with chronic pain. They may be relevant for reducing avoidance in general and providing more positive behavioural options. Significance This study provides evidence that components of Psychological Flexibility are associated with a reduced frequency of suicidal thinking in people with chronic pain. Treatments targeting Psychological Flexibility may help mitigate the impact of chronic pain on suicidal thinking.
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the role of Psychological Flexibility in migraine headache impact and depression
Journal of contextual behavioral science, 2017Co-Authors: Sarah Almarzooqi, Joseph Chilco, Lance M MccrackeAbstract:Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the role of Psychological Flexibility in relation to migraine headache impact and depression. Facets of Psychological Flexibility including acceptance and committed action appear applicable to headache and yet currently there are limited data examining these processes. In this cross-sectional online survey 199 participants with self-reported migraine completed standardized measures of Psychological Flexibility (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire, and the Committed Action Questionnaire) and measures of current functioning, including headache impact (Headache Impact Test) and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9). Correlation results revealed that three aspects of Psychological Flexibility (general acceptance, pain acceptance and committed action) were significantly associated with both headache impact and depression symptoms. In regression analysis, Psychological Flexibility accounted for an additional 33% of the variance in headache impact, above and beyond the effects of age and gender. In these adjusted analysis, pain acceptance was significantly associated with headache impact and both pain acceptance and general acceptance were associated with depression. This study adds to a small number of recent studies showing that aspects of Psychological Flexibility are associated with positive functioning and wellbeing in people with headache disorders.
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changes in sleep problems and Psychological Flexibility following interdisciplinary acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain an observational cohort study
Frontiers in Psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Aisling Dalyeichenhard, Whitney Sco, Matthew Howardjones, Thaleia Nicolaou, Lance M MccrackeAbstract:Aims: Cognitive and behavioral treatments (CBT) for sleep problems and chronic pain have shown good results, although these results could improve. More recent developments based on the Psychological Flexibility model, the model underlying Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) may offer a useful addition to traditional CBT. The aim of this study was to examine whether an ACT-based treatment for chronic pain is associated with improved sleep. Secondly, we examined the associations between changes on measures of Psychological Flexibility and sleep-related outcomes. Methods: The study used an observational cohort methodology. Participants were 252 patients (73.8% female) attending a four-week, interdisciplinary, pain management program in London, United Kingdom. Participants completed standard self-report measures of pain and functioning, sleep outcomes, and processes of Psychological Flexibility. Pre- to post-treatment, and pre-treatment to follow-up measures were examined for statistically significant differences using paired samples t-tests. Secondarily, hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine change in process measures in relation to change in treatment outcome. Results: Participants showed statistically significant improvements (all p<.001) at post-treatment on measures of insomnia severity (d=.45), sleep interference (d=61), and sleep efficiency (d=.32). Significant improvements in insomnia severity and sleep interference were also observed at nine-month follow up. Small to medium effect sizes were observed across the sleep outcomes. Statistically significant changes were also observed on measures of Psychological Flexibility, and these improvements were significantly associated with improvements on sleep-related outcomes, independently contributing up to 19% of unique variance. Conclusion: This study supports the potential usefulness of ACT-based treatments for chronic pain for addressing co-occurring sleep difficulties. Further research is needed to determine how to improve the impact of this treatment for co-morbid pain and sleep difficulties, possibly using a randomized-controlled trial design.
Eric C Meye - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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resilience facilitates adjustment through greater Psychological Flexibility among iraq afghanistan war veterans with and without mild traumatic brain injury
Rehabilitation Psychology, 2019Co-Authors: Timothy R Ellio, Natha A Kimbrel, Ya Debee, Suzy Gullive, Sandra Morissette, Yuyu Hsiao, Oima Kwok, Eric C MeyeAbstract:OBJECTIVES Although many Iraq/Afghanistan warzone veterans report few problems with adjustment, a substantial proportion report debilitating mental health symptoms and functional impairment, suggesting the influence of personal factors that may promote adjustment. A significant minority also incur warzone-related traumatic brain injury (TBI), the majority of which are of mild severity (mTBI). We tested direct and indirect pathways through which a resilient personality prototype predicts adjustment of warzone veterans with and without mTBI over time. METHOD A sample of 264 war veterans (181 men) completed measures of lifetime and warzone-related TBIs, personality traits, Psychological adjustment, quality of life, and functional impairment. Social support, coping, and Psychological Flexibility were examined as mediators of the resilience-adjustment relationship. Instruments were administered at baseline, 4-, 8-, and 12-month assessments. Structural equation models accounted for combat exposure and response style. RESULTS Compared with a nonresilient personality prototype, a resilient prototype was directly associated with lower PTSD, depression, and functional disability, and higher quality of life at all time-points. Warzone mTBIs frequency was associated with higher scores on a measure of functional disability. Indirect effects via Psychological Flexibility were observed from personality to all outcomes, and from warzone-related mTBIs to PTSD, depression, and functional disability, at each time-point. CONCLUSIONS Several characteristics differentiate veterans who are resilient from those who are less so. These findings reveal several factors through which a resilient personality prototype and the number of mTBIs may be associated with veteran adjustment. Psychological Flexibility appears to be a critical modifiable factor in veteran adjustment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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predictors of recovery from post deployment posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in war veterans the contributions of Psychological Flexibility mindfulness and self compassion
Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2019Co-Authors: Eric C Meye, Natha A Kimbrel, Ya Debee, Sheila Frankfu, Yvette Z SzaboAbstract:Abstract Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a major challenge among war veterans. This study assessed the contribution of several interrelated, modifiable psychosocial factors to changes in PTSD symptom severity among combat-deployed post-9/11 Veterans. Data were drawn from a longitudinal study of predictors of mental health and functional outcomes among U.S. Iraq and Afghanistan war Veterans (N = 117). This study assessed the unique contribution of Psychological Flexibility, mindfulness, and self-compassion to PTSD recovery, after accounting for established predictors of PTSD chronicity, including combat exposure, alcohol use problems, and traumatic brain injury. PTSD symptom severity was assessed using a clinician-administered interview, and PTSD recovery was defined as the change in symptom severity from lifetime worst severity, measured at baseline, to current severity at one-year follow-up. A mindful awareness latent factor comprised of all three variables measured at baseline predicted PTSD recovery beyond the other predictors of PTSD chronicity (f2 = 0.30, large effect). Each construct predicted PTSD recovery when tested individually. When tested simultaneously, self-compassion, but not mindfulness or Psychological Flexibility, predicted PTSD recovery. These findings suggest that mindful awareness of emotional distress predicts recovery from PTSD symptoms in war veterans, which supports the utility mindfulness-based interventions in promoting post-trauma recovery.
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predictors of lower than expected posttraumatic symptom severity in war veterans the influence of personality self reported trait resilience and Psychological Flexibility
Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2019Co-Authors: Eric C Meye, Amelia Kotte, Natha A Kimbrel, Ya Debee, Timothy R Ellio, Suzy Gullive, Sandra MorissetteAbstract:Resilience following traumatic events has been studied using numerous methodologies. One approach involves quantifying lower-than-expected levels of a negative outcome following trauma exposure. Resilience research has examined personality and coping-related factors. One malleable factor is Psychological Flexibility, or the context-dependent ability/willingness to contact the present moment, including emotional distress, in order to engage in valued actions. Among 254 war Veterans who participated in a longitudinal study, we operationalized resilience as lower-than-expected PTSD symptoms and PTSD-related functional impairment one-year following an initial post-deployment assessment based on lifetime exposure to childhood trauma, combat trauma, and sexual trauma during military service. We evaluated the contribution of personality factors, self-reported trait resilience, and Psychological Flexibility, measured using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, to PTSD-related resilience after accounting for lifetime and current PTSD symptom severity and depression symptom severity. In hierarchical regression analyses, neither specific personality factors nor self-reported resilience predicted PTSD-related resilience at follow-up after accounting for PTSD and depression symptoms. In the final step, Psychological Flexibility predicted unique variance and was the only significant predictor of PTSD-related resilience aside from baseline PTSD symptom severity. Findings indicate that Psychological Flexibility is a predictor of resilience that is distinct from psychiatric symptoms, personality, and self-reported resilience. Trauma survivors may benefit from interventions that bolster Psychological Flexibility.
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the influence of mindfulness self compassion Psychological Flexibility and posttraumatic stress disorder on disability and quality of life over time in war veterans
Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2018Co-Authors: Eric C Meye, Natha A Kimbrel, Ya Debee, Suzy Gullive, Sheila Frankfu, Sandra MorrisetteAbstract:OBJECTIVES Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) strongly predicts greater disability and lower quality of life (QOL). Mindfulness-based and other third-wave behavior therapy interventions improve well-being by enhancing mindfulness, self-compassion, and Psychological Flexibility. We hypothesized that these mechanisms of therapeutic change would comprise a single latent factor that would predict disability and QOL after accounting for PTSD symptom severity. METHOD Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans (N = 117) completed a study of predictors of successful reintegration. Principal axis factor analysis tested whether mindfulness, self-compassion, and Psychological Flexibility comprised a single latent factor. Hierarchical regression tested whether this factor predicted disability and QOL 1 year later. RESULTS Mindfulness, self-compassion, and Psychological Flexibility comprised a single factor that predicted disability and QOL after accounting for PTSD symptom severity. PTSD symptoms remained a significant predictor of disability but not QOL. CONCLUSIONS Targeting these mechanisms may help veterans achieve functional recovery, even in the presence of PTSD symptoms.
Ya Debee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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resilience facilitates adjustment through greater Psychological Flexibility among iraq afghanistan war veterans with and without mild traumatic brain injury
Rehabilitation Psychology, 2019Co-Authors: Timothy R Ellio, Natha A Kimbrel, Ya Debee, Suzy Gullive, Sandra Morissette, Yuyu Hsiao, Oima Kwok, Eric C MeyeAbstract:OBJECTIVES Although many Iraq/Afghanistan warzone veterans report few problems with adjustment, a substantial proportion report debilitating mental health symptoms and functional impairment, suggesting the influence of personal factors that may promote adjustment. A significant minority also incur warzone-related traumatic brain injury (TBI), the majority of which are of mild severity (mTBI). We tested direct and indirect pathways through which a resilient personality prototype predicts adjustment of warzone veterans with and without mTBI over time. METHOD A sample of 264 war veterans (181 men) completed measures of lifetime and warzone-related TBIs, personality traits, Psychological adjustment, quality of life, and functional impairment. Social support, coping, and Psychological Flexibility were examined as mediators of the resilience-adjustment relationship. Instruments were administered at baseline, 4-, 8-, and 12-month assessments. Structural equation models accounted for combat exposure and response style. RESULTS Compared with a nonresilient personality prototype, a resilient prototype was directly associated with lower PTSD, depression, and functional disability, and higher quality of life at all time-points. Warzone mTBIs frequency was associated with higher scores on a measure of functional disability. Indirect effects via Psychological Flexibility were observed from personality to all outcomes, and from warzone-related mTBIs to PTSD, depression, and functional disability, at each time-point. CONCLUSIONS Several characteristics differentiate veterans who are resilient from those who are less so. These findings reveal several factors through which a resilient personality prototype and the number of mTBIs may be associated with veteran adjustment. Psychological Flexibility appears to be a critical modifiable factor in veteran adjustment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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predictors of recovery from post deployment posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in war veterans the contributions of Psychological Flexibility mindfulness and self compassion
Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2019Co-Authors: Eric C Meye, Natha A Kimbrel, Ya Debee, Sheila Frankfu, Yvette Z SzaboAbstract:Abstract Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a major challenge among war veterans. This study assessed the contribution of several interrelated, modifiable psychosocial factors to changes in PTSD symptom severity among combat-deployed post-9/11 Veterans. Data were drawn from a longitudinal study of predictors of mental health and functional outcomes among U.S. Iraq and Afghanistan war Veterans (N = 117). This study assessed the unique contribution of Psychological Flexibility, mindfulness, and self-compassion to PTSD recovery, after accounting for established predictors of PTSD chronicity, including combat exposure, alcohol use problems, and traumatic brain injury. PTSD symptom severity was assessed using a clinician-administered interview, and PTSD recovery was defined as the change in symptom severity from lifetime worst severity, measured at baseline, to current severity at one-year follow-up. A mindful awareness latent factor comprised of all three variables measured at baseline predicted PTSD recovery beyond the other predictors of PTSD chronicity (f2 = 0.30, large effect). Each construct predicted PTSD recovery when tested individually. When tested simultaneously, self-compassion, but not mindfulness or Psychological Flexibility, predicted PTSD recovery. These findings suggest that mindful awareness of emotional distress predicts recovery from PTSD symptoms in war veterans, which supports the utility mindfulness-based interventions in promoting post-trauma recovery.
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predictors of lower than expected posttraumatic symptom severity in war veterans the influence of personality self reported trait resilience and Psychological Flexibility
Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2019Co-Authors: Eric C Meye, Amelia Kotte, Natha A Kimbrel, Ya Debee, Timothy R Ellio, Suzy Gullive, Sandra MorissetteAbstract:Resilience following traumatic events has been studied using numerous methodologies. One approach involves quantifying lower-than-expected levels of a negative outcome following trauma exposure. Resilience research has examined personality and coping-related factors. One malleable factor is Psychological Flexibility, or the context-dependent ability/willingness to contact the present moment, including emotional distress, in order to engage in valued actions. Among 254 war Veterans who participated in a longitudinal study, we operationalized resilience as lower-than-expected PTSD symptoms and PTSD-related functional impairment one-year following an initial post-deployment assessment based on lifetime exposure to childhood trauma, combat trauma, and sexual trauma during military service. We evaluated the contribution of personality factors, self-reported trait resilience, and Psychological Flexibility, measured using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, to PTSD-related resilience after accounting for lifetime and current PTSD symptom severity and depression symptom severity. In hierarchical regression analyses, neither specific personality factors nor self-reported resilience predicted PTSD-related resilience at follow-up after accounting for PTSD and depression symptoms. In the final step, Psychological Flexibility predicted unique variance and was the only significant predictor of PTSD-related resilience aside from baseline PTSD symptom severity. Findings indicate that Psychological Flexibility is a predictor of resilience that is distinct from psychiatric symptoms, personality, and self-reported resilience. Trauma survivors may benefit from interventions that bolster Psychological Flexibility.
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the influence of mindfulness self compassion Psychological Flexibility and posttraumatic stress disorder on disability and quality of life over time in war veterans
Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2018Co-Authors: Eric C Meye, Natha A Kimbrel, Ya Debee, Suzy Gullive, Sheila Frankfu, Sandra MorrisetteAbstract:OBJECTIVES Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) strongly predicts greater disability and lower quality of life (QOL). Mindfulness-based and other third-wave behavior therapy interventions improve well-being by enhancing mindfulness, self-compassion, and Psychological Flexibility. We hypothesized that these mechanisms of therapeutic change would comprise a single latent factor that would predict disability and QOL after accounting for PTSD symptom severity. METHOD Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans (N = 117) completed a study of predictors of successful reintegration. Principal axis factor analysis tested whether mindfulness, self-compassion, and Psychological Flexibility comprised a single latent factor. Hierarchical regression tested whether this factor predicted disability and QOL 1 year later. RESULTS Mindfulness, self-compassion, and Psychological Flexibility comprised a single factor that predicted disability and QOL after accounting for PTSD symptom severity. PTSD symptoms remained a significant predictor of disability but not QOL. CONCLUSIONS Targeting these mechanisms may help veterans achieve functional recovery, even in the presence of PTSD symptoms.
Joseph Ciarrochi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cognitive and Psychological Flexibility after a traumatic brain injury and the implications for treatment in acceptance based therapies a conceptual review
Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2017Co-Authors: Diane Whiting, Frank P Deane, Grahame Simpso, Hamish J Mcleod, Joseph CiarrochiAbstract:This paper provides a selective review of cognitive and Psychological Flexibility in the context of treatment for Psychological distress after traumatic brain injury, with a focus on acceptance-based therapies. Cognitive Flexibility is a component of executive function that is referred to mostly in the context of neuroPsychological research and practice. Psychological Flexibility, from a clinical psychology perspective, is linked to health and well-being and is an identified treatment outcome for therapies such as acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). There are a number of overlaps between the constructs. They both manifest in the ability to change behaviour (either a thought or an action) in response to environmental change, with similarities in neural substrate and mental processes. Impairments in both show a strong association with psychopathology. People with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) often suffer impairments in their cognitive Flexibility as a result of damage to areas controlling executive processes but have a positive response to therapies that promote Psychological Flexibility. Overall, Psychological Flexibility appears a more overarching construct and cognitive Flexibility may be a subcomponent of it but not necessarily a pre-requisite. Further research into therapies which claim to improve Psychological Flexibility, such as ACT, needs to be undertaken in TBI populations in order to clarify its utility in this group.
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identifying and describing feelings and Psychological Flexibility predict mental health in men with hiv
British Journal of Health Psychology, 2013Co-Authors: Joseph Ciarrochi, Frank P Deane, Jodie M Landstra, Richard J HillmaAbstract:Background Difficulty identifying and describing feelings (DIDF) and Psychological Flexibility (PF) predict poor emotional adjustment. Objective To examine the relationship between DIDF and PF and whether DIDF and low PF would put men undergoing cancer screening at risk for poor adjustment. Design Longitudinal self-report survey. Methods Two hundred and one HIV-infected men who have sex with men participated in anal cancer screening at two time points over 14 weeks. Psychological Flexibility was assessed by the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II and DIDF by the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20. We also measured depression, anxiety, stress (DASS) and health-related quality of life (QOL; SF-12). Results Both DIDF and PF were reliable predictors of mental health. When levels of baseline mental health were controlled, greater DIDF predicted increases in Time 2 depression, anxiety and stress and decreases in mental and physical QOL. The link between PF and mental health was entirely mediated by DIDF. Conclusions Being chronically low in PF could lead to greater DIDF and thereby worse mental health. Having more PF promotes the ability to identify and differentiate the nuances of pleasant and unpleasant emotions, which enhances an individual's mental health. Intentionally enhancing men's ability to identify and describe feelings or PF may assist them to better manage a range of difficult life experiences such as health screenings and other potentially threatening information. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Difficulties identifying and describing feelings (DIDF); components of alexithymia and Psychological Flexibility (PF) both predict emotional adjustment. A cross-sectional study has identified that alexithymia and PF are related concepts. Cancer screening programmes can have difficult Psychological impacts. What does this study add? The longitudinal design supported cross-sectional findings that DIDF and PF are related concepts. The link between PF and mental health was mediated by DIDF. Enhancing DIDF or PF may assist Psychological responses to health screening.
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inflexible parents inflexible kids a 6 year longitudinal study of parenting style and the development of Psychological Flexibility in adolescents
Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2012Co-Authors: Kathry E Williams, Joseph Ciarrochi, Patrick C L HeaveAbstract:Parenting behaviors have been linked to children’s self regulation, but it is less clear how they relate to adolescent Psychological Flexibility. Psychological Flexibility is a broad construct that describes an individual’s ability to respond appropriately to environmental demands and internal experiences in the service of their goals. We examined the longitudinal relationships between perceived parenting style and Psychological Flexibility among students at five Australian schools (N = 749) over 6 years, beginning in Grade 7 (50.3% female, mean age 12.39 years). Parenting style was measured in Grades 7 and 12, and Psychological Flexibility from Grade 9 through 12. Psychological Flexibility decreased, on average, with age. Multi-level modelling indicated that authoritarian parenting (low warmth, high control) in Grade 7 predicted later (low) Psychological Flexibility. Moreover, increases in authoritarian parenting and decreases in authoritative parenting (high warmth and control) were associated with adolescent Psychological Flexibility across the high school years. Change in parenting predicted future Psychological Flexibility but did not predict change over time. Structural Equation Modelling revealed that adolescent Psychological Flexibility in Grade 9 predicted later decreases in authoritarian and increases in authoritative parenting. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding how parenting changes and the consequences of such change for the development of Psychological Flexibility.
Natha A Kimbrel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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resilience facilitates adjustment through greater Psychological Flexibility among iraq afghanistan war veterans with and without mild traumatic brain injury
Rehabilitation Psychology, 2019Co-Authors: Timothy R Ellio, Natha A Kimbrel, Ya Debee, Suzy Gullive, Sandra Morissette, Yuyu Hsiao, Oima Kwok, Eric C MeyeAbstract:OBJECTIVES Although many Iraq/Afghanistan warzone veterans report few problems with adjustment, a substantial proportion report debilitating mental health symptoms and functional impairment, suggesting the influence of personal factors that may promote adjustment. A significant minority also incur warzone-related traumatic brain injury (TBI), the majority of which are of mild severity (mTBI). We tested direct and indirect pathways through which a resilient personality prototype predicts adjustment of warzone veterans with and without mTBI over time. METHOD A sample of 264 war veterans (181 men) completed measures of lifetime and warzone-related TBIs, personality traits, Psychological adjustment, quality of life, and functional impairment. Social support, coping, and Psychological Flexibility were examined as mediators of the resilience-adjustment relationship. Instruments were administered at baseline, 4-, 8-, and 12-month assessments. Structural equation models accounted for combat exposure and response style. RESULTS Compared with a nonresilient personality prototype, a resilient prototype was directly associated with lower PTSD, depression, and functional disability, and higher quality of life at all time-points. Warzone mTBIs frequency was associated with higher scores on a measure of functional disability. Indirect effects via Psychological Flexibility were observed from personality to all outcomes, and from warzone-related mTBIs to PTSD, depression, and functional disability, at each time-point. CONCLUSIONS Several characteristics differentiate veterans who are resilient from those who are less so. These findings reveal several factors through which a resilient personality prototype and the number of mTBIs may be associated with veteran adjustment. Psychological Flexibility appears to be a critical modifiable factor in veteran adjustment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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predictors of recovery from post deployment posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in war veterans the contributions of Psychological Flexibility mindfulness and self compassion
Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2019Co-Authors: Eric C Meye, Natha A Kimbrel, Ya Debee, Sheila Frankfu, Yvette Z SzaboAbstract:Abstract Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a major challenge among war veterans. This study assessed the contribution of several interrelated, modifiable psychosocial factors to changes in PTSD symptom severity among combat-deployed post-9/11 Veterans. Data were drawn from a longitudinal study of predictors of mental health and functional outcomes among U.S. Iraq and Afghanistan war Veterans (N = 117). This study assessed the unique contribution of Psychological Flexibility, mindfulness, and self-compassion to PTSD recovery, after accounting for established predictors of PTSD chronicity, including combat exposure, alcohol use problems, and traumatic brain injury. PTSD symptom severity was assessed using a clinician-administered interview, and PTSD recovery was defined as the change in symptom severity from lifetime worst severity, measured at baseline, to current severity at one-year follow-up. A mindful awareness latent factor comprised of all three variables measured at baseline predicted PTSD recovery beyond the other predictors of PTSD chronicity (f2 = 0.30, large effect). Each construct predicted PTSD recovery when tested individually. When tested simultaneously, self-compassion, but not mindfulness or Psychological Flexibility, predicted PTSD recovery. These findings suggest that mindful awareness of emotional distress predicts recovery from PTSD symptoms in war veterans, which supports the utility mindfulness-based interventions in promoting post-trauma recovery.
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predictors of lower than expected posttraumatic symptom severity in war veterans the influence of personality self reported trait resilience and Psychological Flexibility
Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2019Co-Authors: Eric C Meye, Amelia Kotte, Natha A Kimbrel, Ya Debee, Timothy R Ellio, Suzy Gullive, Sandra MorissetteAbstract:Resilience following traumatic events has been studied using numerous methodologies. One approach involves quantifying lower-than-expected levels of a negative outcome following trauma exposure. Resilience research has examined personality and coping-related factors. One malleable factor is Psychological Flexibility, or the context-dependent ability/willingness to contact the present moment, including emotional distress, in order to engage in valued actions. Among 254 war Veterans who participated in a longitudinal study, we operationalized resilience as lower-than-expected PTSD symptoms and PTSD-related functional impairment one-year following an initial post-deployment assessment based on lifetime exposure to childhood trauma, combat trauma, and sexual trauma during military service. We evaluated the contribution of personality factors, self-reported trait resilience, and Psychological Flexibility, measured using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, to PTSD-related resilience after accounting for lifetime and current PTSD symptom severity and depression symptom severity. In hierarchical regression analyses, neither specific personality factors nor self-reported resilience predicted PTSD-related resilience at follow-up after accounting for PTSD and depression symptoms. In the final step, Psychological Flexibility predicted unique variance and was the only significant predictor of PTSD-related resilience aside from baseline PTSD symptom severity. Findings indicate that Psychological Flexibility is a predictor of resilience that is distinct from psychiatric symptoms, personality, and self-reported resilience. Trauma survivors may benefit from interventions that bolster Psychological Flexibility.
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the influence of mindfulness self compassion Psychological Flexibility and posttraumatic stress disorder on disability and quality of life over time in war veterans
Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2018Co-Authors: Eric C Meye, Natha A Kimbrel, Ya Debee, Suzy Gullive, Sheila Frankfu, Sandra MorrisetteAbstract:OBJECTIVES Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) strongly predicts greater disability and lower quality of life (QOL). Mindfulness-based and other third-wave behavior therapy interventions improve well-being by enhancing mindfulness, self-compassion, and Psychological Flexibility. We hypothesized that these mechanisms of therapeutic change would comprise a single latent factor that would predict disability and QOL after accounting for PTSD symptom severity. METHOD Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans (N = 117) completed a study of predictors of successful reintegration. Principal axis factor analysis tested whether mindfulness, self-compassion, and Psychological Flexibility comprised a single latent factor. Hierarchical regression tested whether this factor predicted disability and QOL 1 year later. RESULTS Mindfulness, self-compassion, and Psychological Flexibility comprised a single factor that predicted disability and QOL after accounting for PTSD symptom severity. PTSD symptoms remained a significant predictor of disability but not QOL. CONCLUSIONS Targeting these mechanisms may help veterans achieve functional recovery, even in the presence of PTSD symptoms.