The Experts below are selected from a list of 4398 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Andrew G Ryder - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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openness to experience intellect schizotypal personality disorder and Psychoticism resolving the controversy
Journal of Personality Disorders, 2014Co-Authors: Michael Chmielewski, Michael R Bagby, Kristian E Markon, Angela J Ring, Andrew G RyderAbstract:Section III of DSM-5 includes an alternative model for personality disorders comprising five higher-order pathological personality traits, four of which resemble domains from the Big Five/Five-Factor Model of Personality (FFM). There has, however, been considerable debate regarding the association of FFM Openness-to-Experience/Intellect (OE/I) with DSM-5 Psychoticism and Schizotypal Personality Disorder (STPD). The authors identify several limitations in the literature, including inattention to (a) differences in the conceptualization of OE/I in the questionnaire and lexical traditions and (b) the symptom heterogeneity of STPD. They then address these limitations in two large patient samples. The results suggest that OE/I per se is weakly associated with Psychoticism and STPD symptoms. However, unique variance specific to the different conceptualizations of OE/I demonstrates much stronger associations, often in opposing directions. These results clarify the debate and the seemingly discrepant views that OE/I is unrelated to Psychoticism and contains variance relevant to Psychoticism.
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openness to experience intellect schizotypal personality disorder and Psychoticism resolving the controversy
Journal of Personality Disorders, 2014Co-Authors: Michael Chmielewski, Michael R Bagby, Kristian E Markon, Angela J Ring, Andrew G RyderAbstract:Section III of DSM-5 includes an alternative model for personality disorders comprising five higher-order pathological personality traits, four of which resemble domains from the Big Five/Five-Factor Model of Personality (FFM). There has, however, been considerable debate regarding the association of FFM Openness-to-Experience/Intellect (OE/I) with DSM-5 Psychoticism and Schizotypal Personality Disorder (STPD). The authors identify several limitations in the literature, including inattention to (a) differences in the conceptualization of OE/I in the questionnaire and lexical traditions and (b) the symptom heterogeneity of STPD. They then address these limitations in two large patient samples. The results suggest that OE/I per se is weakly associated with Psychoticism and STPD symptoms. However, unique variance specific to the different conceptualizations of OE/I demonstrates much stronger associations, often in opposing directions. These results clarify the debate and the seemingly discrepant views that O...
Colin G Deyoung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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toward a neural model of the openness Psychoticism dimension functional connectivity in the default and frontoparietal control networks
Schizophrenia Bulletin, 2020Co-Authors: Scott D Blain, Rachael G Grazioplene, Colin G DeyoungAbstract:Psychosis proneness has been linked to heightened Openness to Experience and to cognitive deficits. Openness and psychotic disorders are associated with the default and frontoparietal networks, and the latter network is also robustly associated with intelligence. We tested the hypothesis that functional connectivity of the default and frontoparietal networks is a neural correlate of the openness-Psychoticism dimension. Participants in the Human Connectome Project (N = 1003) completed measures of Psychoticism, openness, and intelligence. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify intrinsic connectivity networks. Structural equation modeling revealed relations among personality, intelligence, and network coherence. Psychoticism, openness, and especially their shared variance were related positively to default network coherence and negatively to frontoparietal coherence. These associations remained after controlling for intelligence. Intelligence was positively related to frontoparietal coherence. Research suggests that Psychoticism and openness are linked in part through their association with connectivity in networks involving experiential simulation and cognitive control. We propose a model of psychosis risk that highlights roles of the default and frontoparietal networks. Findings echo research on functional connectivity in psychosis patients, suggesting shared mechanisms across the personality-psychopathology continuum.
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toward a neural model of the openness Psychoticism dimension functional connectivity in the default and frontoparietal control networks
Schizophrenia Bulletin, 2020Co-Authors: Scott D Blain, Rachael G Grazioplene, Colin G DeyoungAbstract:: Psychosis proneness has been linked to heightened Openness to Experience and to cognitive deficits. Openness and psychotic disorders are associated with the default and frontoparietal networks, and the latter network is also robustly associated with intelligence. We tested the hypothesis that functional connectivity of the default and frontoparietal networks is a neural correlate of the openness-Psychoticism dimension. Participants in the Human Connectome Project (N = 1003) completed measures of Psychoticism, openness, and intelligence. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify intrinsic connectivity networks. Structural equation modeling revealed relations among personality, intelligence, and network coherence. Psychoticism, openness, and especially their shared variance were related positively to default network coherence and negatively to frontoparietal coherence. These associations remained after controlling for intelligence. Intelligence was positively related to frontoparietal coherence. Research suggests that Psychoticism and openness are linked in part through their association with connectivity in networks involving experiential simulation and cognitive control. We propose a model of psychosis risk that highlights roles of the default and frontoparietal networks. Findings echo research on functional connectivity in psychosis patients, suggesting shared mechanisms across the personality-psychopathology continuum.
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apophenia as the disposition to false positives a unifying framework for openness and Psychoticism
Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2020Co-Authors: Scott D Blain, Julia Longenecker, Rachael G Grazioplene, Bonnie Klimesdougan, Colin G DeyoungAbstract:Positive symptoms of schizophrenia and its extended phenotype-often termed Psychoticism or positive schizotypy-are characterized by the inclusion of novel, erroneous mental contents. One promising framework for explaining positive symptoms involves apophenia, conceptualized here as a disposition toward false-positive errors. Apophenia and positive symptoms have shown relations to openness to experience (more specifically, to the openness aspect of the broader openness/intellect domain), and all of these constructs involve tendencies toward pattern seeking. Nonetheless, few studies have investigated the relations between Psychoticism and non-self-report indicators of apophenia, let alone the role of normal personality variation. The current research used structural equation models to test associations between Psychoticism, openness, intelligence, and non-self-report indicators of apophenia comprising false-positive error rates on a variety of computerized tasks. In Sample 1, 1,193 participants completed digit identification, theory of mind, and emotion recognition tasks. In Sample 2, 195 participants completed auditory signal detection and semantic word association tasks. Psychoticism and the openness aspect were positively correlated. Self-reported Psychoticism, openness, and their shared variance were positively associated with apophenia, as indexed by false-positive error rates, whether or not intelligence was controlled for. Apophenia was not associated with other personality traits, and openness and Psychoticism were not associated with false-negative errors. Findings provide insights into the measurement of apophenia and its relation to personality and psychopathology. Apophenia and pattern seeking may be promising constructs for unifying the openness aspect of personality with the psychosis spectrum and for providing an explanation of positive symptoms. Results are discussed in the context of possible adaptive characteristics of apophenia as well as potential risk factors for the development of psychotic disorders. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Michael Chmielewski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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openness to experience intellect schizotypal personality disorder and Psychoticism resolving the controversy
Journal of Personality Disorders, 2014Co-Authors: Michael Chmielewski, Michael R Bagby, Kristian E Markon, Angela J Ring, Andrew G RyderAbstract:Section III of DSM-5 includes an alternative model for personality disorders comprising five higher-order pathological personality traits, four of which resemble domains from the Big Five/Five-Factor Model of Personality (FFM). There has, however, been considerable debate regarding the association of FFM Openness-to-Experience/Intellect (OE/I) with DSM-5 Psychoticism and Schizotypal Personality Disorder (STPD). The authors identify several limitations in the literature, including inattention to (a) differences in the conceptualization of OE/I in the questionnaire and lexical traditions and (b) the symptom heterogeneity of STPD. They then address these limitations in two large patient samples. The results suggest that OE/I per se is weakly associated with Psychoticism and STPD symptoms. However, unique variance specific to the different conceptualizations of OE/I demonstrates much stronger associations, often in opposing directions. These results clarify the debate and the seemingly discrepant views that OE/I is unrelated to Psychoticism and contains variance relevant to Psychoticism.
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openness to experience intellect schizotypal personality disorder and Psychoticism resolving the controversy
Journal of Personality Disorders, 2014Co-Authors: Michael Chmielewski, Michael R Bagby, Kristian E Markon, Angela J Ring, Andrew G RyderAbstract:Section III of DSM-5 includes an alternative model for personality disorders comprising five higher-order pathological personality traits, four of which resemble domains from the Big Five/Five-Factor Model of Personality (FFM). There has, however, been considerable debate regarding the association of FFM Openness-to-Experience/Intellect (OE/I) with DSM-5 Psychoticism and Schizotypal Personality Disorder (STPD). The authors identify several limitations in the literature, including inattention to (a) differences in the conceptualization of OE/I in the questionnaire and lexical traditions and (b) the symptom heterogeneity of STPD. They then address these limitations in two large patient samples. The results suggest that OE/I per se is weakly associated with Psychoticism and STPD symptoms. However, unique variance specific to the different conceptualizations of OE/I demonstrates much stronger associations, often in opposing directions. These results clarify the debate and the seemingly discrepant views that O...
Francisco J Alos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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commentary eysenck personality questionnaire revised Psychoticism predicts motivational somatic symptoms of depression in breast cancer survivors
Frontiers in Public Health, 2016Co-Authors: Francisco Garciatorres, Francisco J Alos, Carolina PerezduenasAbstract:The concept of personality is usually described as a lasting way of perceiving, relating, and thinking about the environment and oneself. Personality traits are prominent aspects of personality that are exhibited in a wide range of situations and contexts, and these traits are considered relatively stable over time (1, 2). Different studies have identified a small number of basic personality traits. Among them, Eysenck indicates the existence of three major traits: neuroticism, extraversion, and Psychoticism (3). Neuroticism is the trait that relates most consistently to different aspects of breast cancer survival, such as fatigue, poorer quality of life, and depression (4). Despite the existence of these investigations, few studies have examined whether there are differences in personality traits among breast cancer survivors and the general population, probably due to the supposed stability of these traits. However, specialists in personality study have recently indicated that this relative stability may be affected by the presence of traumatic life events, such as cancer. Comparably, previous studies have shown no differences between breast cancer patients and a control group in extraversion and neuroticism and have observed elevated Psychoticism scores in colorectal cancer survivors. In this line of research, some authors have provided data of higher levels of Psychoticism in breast cancer survivors when compared with a control group (5), but this research has some conditions that deserve a commentary. First, the data obtained are from a cross-sectional study, and it is hard to establish whether the differences in personality in survivors are related with the cancer experience. It is possible that other factors (i.e., stage of the cancer, treatment) may influence these results. Furthermore, it should be a good idea to carry out longitudinal studies to test the influence of breast cancer in personality in survivors over time to confirm this influence. On the other hand, Psychoticism includes some different aspects of personality, for example, aggressiveness, coldness, egocentricity, impersonality, impulsivity, anti-sociability, low empathy, creativity, and stiffness, but there is no information about which of these personality traits are the most affected in breast cancer survivors. For future studies could be interesting try to establish which of these specific personality traits included in Psychoticism are the most relevant in these sample of patients. Finally, the relationship between Psychoticism and depression in cancer survivors remains unclear. The results obtained previously in cancer patients by other authors looks to point out that cancer influence personality and personality dimensions, such as neuroticism and particularly Psychoticism, are related with relevant domains of survival, with special attention to depression and quality of life. But the mechanism underlying these relations is not well established yet. The results from the present study show that the study of personality in cancer patients and survivors needs more attention, and the other results from diverse authors show that personality has a key role in relevant aspects of survival and deserves the attention of researchers.
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eysenck personality questionnaire revised Psychoticism predicts motivational somatic symptoms of depression in breast cancer survivors
Psycho-oncology, 2014Co-Authors: Francisco Garciatorres, Francisco J AlosAbstract:Psychoticism is the most heterogeneous of the personality dimensions proposed by Eysenck [1,2]. Few studies have evaluated Psychoticism in patients with breast cancer. Some authors have provided data showing high levels in patients with colorectal cancer and subcutaneous mastectomy [3,4]. However, there are also reports of low levels of Psychoticism in survivors of cancer, including breast cancer [5]. Psychoticism is associated with poorer quality of life in cancer patients [3], so it seems appropriate to explore whether breast cancer survivors have high levels of this dimension. Psychoticism has also been found to predict depression in cancer patients [6]. In a previous study, we observed that mastectomized women showed predominantly motivational–somatic symptoms of depression [7]. We therefore have the following objectives: determine whether breast cancer survivors have higher Psychoticism scores than a control group and test the predictive utility of Psychoticism with respect to depression and its cognitive–affective and motivational–somatic symptoms.
Kristian E Markon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the relationship between obsessive compulsive spectrum disorders and dsm 5 dysfunctional personality domains in a nonclinical sample of italian women
Personality and Mental Health, 2021Co-Authors: Antonella Somma, Kristian E Markon, Richard T Lebeau, Robert F Krueger, Giulia Gialdi, Claudia Frau, Linda Boscaro, Giada Liberatore, Andrea FossatiAbstract:To evaluate the usefulness of the DSM-5 maladaptive personality domains in explaining the similarities and differences among four disorders included in the obsessive-compulsive spectrum, 428 Italian community-dwelling women (mean age = 31.96 years, SD = 12.30 years) were administered the Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorder Scales and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Short Form as part of an ongoing online survey on women's health. Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) confirmatory bifactor analysis results showed that the OCSD general factor (i.e., obsessive-compulsive spectrum factor) was positively associated with Negative Affectivity, whereas Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), Hoarding Disorder (HD), and Skin-Picking Disorder (SPD) specific factors showed significant and substantial differential relationships with dysfunctional personality domains. Specifically, BDD was positively associated with Negative Affectivity, Detachment and Psychoticism domains; HD was associated with high Negative Affectivity and Psychoticism; and SPD was associated with Detachment. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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openness to experience intellect schizotypal personality disorder and Psychoticism resolving the controversy
Journal of Personality Disorders, 2014Co-Authors: Michael Chmielewski, Michael R Bagby, Kristian E Markon, Angela J Ring, Andrew G RyderAbstract:Section III of DSM-5 includes an alternative model for personality disorders comprising five higher-order pathological personality traits, four of which resemble domains from the Big Five/Five-Factor Model of Personality (FFM). There has, however, been considerable debate regarding the association of FFM Openness-to-Experience/Intellect (OE/I) with DSM-5 Psychoticism and Schizotypal Personality Disorder (STPD). The authors identify several limitations in the literature, including inattention to (a) differences in the conceptualization of OE/I in the questionnaire and lexical traditions and (b) the symptom heterogeneity of STPD. They then address these limitations in two large patient samples. The results suggest that OE/I per se is weakly associated with Psychoticism and STPD symptoms. However, unique variance specific to the different conceptualizations of OE/I demonstrates much stronger associations, often in opposing directions. These results clarify the debate and the seemingly discrepant views that OE/I is unrelated to Psychoticism and contains variance relevant to Psychoticism.
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openness to experience intellect schizotypal personality disorder and Psychoticism resolving the controversy
Journal of Personality Disorders, 2014Co-Authors: Michael Chmielewski, Michael R Bagby, Kristian E Markon, Angela J Ring, Andrew G RyderAbstract:Section III of DSM-5 includes an alternative model for personality disorders comprising five higher-order pathological personality traits, four of which resemble domains from the Big Five/Five-Factor Model of Personality (FFM). There has, however, been considerable debate regarding the association of FFM Openness-to-Experience/Intellect (OE/I) with DSM-5 Psychoticism and Schizotypal Personality Disorder (STPD). The authors identify several limitations in the literature, including inattention to (a) differences in the conceptualization of OE/I in the questionnaire and lexical traditions and (b) the symptom heterogeneity of STPD. They then address these limitations in two large patient samples. The results suggest that OE/I per se is weakly associated with Psychoticism and STPD symptoms. However, unique variance specific to the different conceptualizations of OE/I demonstrates much stronger associations, often in opposing directions. These results clarify the debate and the seemingly discrepant views that O...
