The Experts below are selected from a list of 315 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Judith S Brook - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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adolescent self control predicts joint trajectories of marijuana use and depressive mood into young adulthood among urban african americans and Puerto ricans
Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 2014Co-Authors: Kerstin Pahl, Judith S BrookAbstract:Previous studies have identified an association between depressive mood and marijuana use. We examined adolescent self-control as a predictor of membership in joint developmental trajectories of depressive mood and marijuana use from adolescence to young adulthood. Urban African Americans and Puerto ricans (N = 838) were sampled when participants were on average 14, 19, 24, and 29 years old. Using growth mixture modeling, four joint trajectory groups of depressive mood and marijuana use were established: low marijuana use/low depressive mood, low marijuana use/intermediate depressive mood, high marijuana use/low depressive mood, and high marijuana use/high depressive mood. Weighted logistic regression analysis showed that self-control at age 14 distinguished the high marijuana use/high depressive mood group and the low marijuana use/low depressive mood group from each of the other groups. Findings show that the co-occurrence of high levels of marijuana use and depressive mood from adolescence into young adulthood is predicted by low levels of self-control in adolescence. On the other hand, high selfcontrol is associated with low marijuana use and low levels of depression over time. Thus, while deficits in self-control in adolescence constitute a significant risk for maladjustment over time, high self-control exerts a protective factor with regard to marijuana use and depressive mood into young adulthood.
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peer and parental influences on longitudinal trajectories of smoking among african americans and Puerto ricans
Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2006Co-Authors: Judith S Brook, Kerstin Pahl, Yuming NingAbstract:: The purpose of this study was to identify distinct trajectories of smoking behavior during a period extending from adolescence (mean age = 14 years) to young adulthood (mean age = 26 years) among African American and Puerto Rican adolescents/young adults, to examine ethnic and gender differences in group membership, and to assess the ability of peer and parental smoking to distinguish among trajectory groups. A community-based sample of 451 African American and Puerto Rican adolescents was interviewed four times during adolescence and in early adulthood, covering a span of 12 years. For both ethnic/racial groups, four distinct trajectories were identified: Nonsmokers, maturing-out smokers, late-starting smokers, and early-starting continuous smokers. Compared with Puerto ricans, African Americans were over-represented in the nonsmoking group, whereas Puerto ricans were over-represented in the early-starting continuous group. Females were more likely than males to be early-starting continuous smokers than late starters. Adolescents who were exposed to peer and parental smoking in early adolescence were more likely to belong to trajectory groups characterized by higher levels of smoking. These findings show that exposure to peer and parental smoking in early adolescence constitutes a risk factor for engaging in elevated levels of smoking behavior at an early age and for continued smoking into adulthood for urban African Americans and Puerto ricans. To be most effective, smoking prevention programs should address peer group and family influences on adolescent smoking.
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smoking involvement during adolescence among african americans and Puerto ricans risks to psychological and physical well being in young adulthood
Psychological Reports, 2006Co-Authors: Judith S Brook, Yuming Ning, Martin Whiteman, Elinor B Balka, Stephen J FinchAbstract:: The major aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal association between adolescent smoking involvement and self-reported psychological and physical outcomes in young adulthood. Participants included 333 African Americans and 329 Puerto ricans who were surveyed in 1990 in their New York City schools and interviewed in 1995 and 2000-2001, primarily in their homes. The psychological outcomes included ego integration, symptoms of depression, anxiety, and interpersonal difficulty. The physical health measures included a general health rating, number of illnesses, and symptoms of ill health. Also, three scales measured problems due to alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drug use. Smoking involvement varied by age, sex, and ethnicity but not by socioeconomic status nor by late adolescent parental status. Analysis showed that the relationships between adolescent smoking involvement and psychological and physical health problems in young adulthood remained significant even with control on demographic factors, earlier levels of the outcome variables, and marijuana use. The relationships between smoking behavior and problems with alcohol, marijuana and other illicit drug use were particularly strong. Thus, adolescent smoking seems to have a wide range of clinical implications for young adulthood.
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drug use among Puerto ricans ethnic identity as a protective factor
Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 1998Co-Authors: Judith S Brook, Martin Whiteman, Elinor B Balka, Michal D GursenAbstract:This study assesses the relationship of multiple drug risks, Puerto Rican identity, and drug use. In addition, the risk/protective and protective/protective paradigms for examining interactive effects of ethnic identity and drug risks on drug use were assessed. Structured interviews were conducted with 555 Puerto Rican males andfemales whose mean age was 19. Each risk and two ethnic variables were related to drug use. Regressions showed that cultural knowledge, being culturally active, group attachment, and identification with Puerto ricans offset the impact of risks on drug use. Ethnic variables also enhanced the protective effect of other protective factors. These results substantiate expanding risk-buffering models to include ethnic identity and the protective role of ethnic identity for Puerto Rican youth.
Esteban G Burchard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genome wide screen for asthma in Puerto ricans evidence for association with 5q23 region
Human Genetics, 2008Co-Authors: William Rodriguezcintron, Shweta Choudhry, Jose R Rodriguezsantana, Neil Risch, Esteban G Burchard, Margaret A Taub, Mark D ShriverAbstract:While the number of success stories for mapping genes associated with complex diseases using genome-wide association approaches is growing, there is still much work to be done in developing methods for such studies when the samples are collected from a population, which may not be homogeneous. Here we report the first genome-wide association study to identify genes associated with asthma in an admixed population. We genotyped 96 Puerto Rican moderate to severe asthma cases and 88 controls as well as 109 samples representing Puerto Rico’s founding populations using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Mapping 100K array sets. The data from samples representing Puerto Rico’s founding populations was used to identify ancestry informative markers for admixture mapping analyses. In addition, a genome-wide association analysis using logistic regression was performed on the data. Although neither admixture mapping nor regression analysis gave any significant association with asthma after correction for multiple testing, an overlap analysis using the top scoring SNPs from different methods suggested chromosomal regions 5q23.3 and 13q13.3 as potential regions harboring genes for asthma in Puerto ricans. The validation analysis of these two regions in 284 Puerto Rican asthma trios gave significant association for the 5q23.3 region. Our results provide strong evidence that the previously linked 5q23 region is associated with asthma in Puerto ricans. The detection of causative variants in this region will require fine mapping and functional validation.
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recent genetic selection in the ancestral admixture of Puerto ricans
American Journal of Human Genetics, 2007Co-Authors: Hua Tang, Martin T Morgan, William Rodriguezcintron, Shweta Choudhry, Neil Risch, Esteban G BurchardAbstract:Recent studies have used dense markers to examine the human genome in ancestrally homogeneous populations for hallmarks of selection. No genomewide studies have focused on recently admixed groups—populations that have experienced admixing among continentally divided ancestral populations within the past 200–500 years. New World admixed populations are unique in that they represent the sudden confluence of geographically diverged genomes with novel environmental challenges. Here, we present a novel approach for studying selection by examining the genomewide distribution of ancestry in the genetically admixed Puerto ricans. We find strong statistical evidence of recent selection in three chromosomal regions, including the human leukocyte antigen region on chromosome 6p, chromosome 8q, and chromosome 11q. Two of these regions harbor genes for olfactory receptors. Interestingly, all three regions exhibit deficiencies in the European-ancestry proportion.
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ancestry environment interactions and asthma risk among Puerto ricans
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2006Co-Authors: Shweta Choudhry, Sylvette Nazario, Jesus Casal, Esteban G Burchard, Hua Tang, Mariam Naqvi, Luisa N Borrell, Ivan Gomez, Alphonso Torres, Juan Carlos MartinezcruzadoAbstract:Background: Puerto ricans, an admixed population of African, European, and Native American ancestries, have the highest asthma prevalence, morbidity, and mortality rates of any United States' population. Although socioeconomic status (SES) is negatively correlated with asthma incidence in most populations, no such relationship has been identified among Puerto ricans. We hypothesized that, in this admixed population, the association between SES and asthma may interact with genetic ancestry.Methods: We analyzed 135 Puerto Rican subjects with asthma and 156 control subjects recruited from six different recruitment centers in Puerto Rico. Individual ancestry for each subject was estimated using 44 ancestry informative markers. SES was assigned using the census tracts' median family income. Analyses of SES were based on the SES of the clinic site from which the subjects were recruited and on a subset of individuals on whom home address–based SES was available.Results: In the two (independent) analyses, we foun...
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lower bronchodilator responsiveness in Puerto rican than in mexican subjects with asthma
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2004Co-Authors: Esteban G Burchard, Sylvette Nazario, Jose R Rodriguezsantana, Alfonso Torres, Jesus Casal, Pedro C Avila, Monica Toscano, Jody S Sylvia, Maria Elena Alioto, Michael SalazarAbstract:In the United States, Puerto ricans and Mexicans have the highest and lowest asthma prevalence, morbidity, and mortality, respectively. To determine whether ethnicity-specific differences in therapeutic response, clinical response, and/or genetic factors contribute to differences in asthma outcomes, we compared asthma-related clinical characteristics among 684 Mexican and Puerto Rican individuals with asthma recruited from San Francisco, New York City, Puerto Rico, and Mexico City. Puerto ricans with asthma had reduced lung function, greater morbidity, and longer asthma duration than did Mexicans with asthma. Bronchodilator responsiveness, measured as percentage change from baseline FEV1, was significantly lower among Puerto ricans with asthma than among Mexicans with asthma. Puerto ricans with asthma had on average 7.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.6 to 9.9; p < 0.001) lower bronchodilator reversibility in FEV1, higher risk of an emergency department visit in the previous year (odds ratio, 2.63; 95% ...
Shweta Choudhry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genome wide screen for asthma in Puerto ricans evidence for association with 5q23 region
Human Genetics, 2008Co-Authors: William Rodriguezcintron, Shweta Choudhry, Jose R Rodriguezsantana, Neil Risch, Esteban G Burchard, Margaret A Taub, Mark D ShriverAbstract:While the number of success stories for mapping genes associated with complex diseases using genome-wide association approaches is growing, there is still much work to be done in developing methods for such studies when the samples are collected from a population, which may not be homogeneous. Here we report the first genome-wide association study to identify genes associated with asthma in an admixed population. We genotyped 96 Puerto Rican moderate to severe asthma cases and 88 controls as well as 109 samples representing Puerto Rico’s founding populations using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Mapping 100K array sets. The data from samples representing Puerto Rico’s founding populations was used to identify ancestry informative markers for admixture mapping analyses. In addition, a genome-wide association analysis using logistic regression was performed on the data. Although neither admixture mapping nor regression analysis gave any significant association with asthma after correction for multiple testing, an overlap analysis using the top scoring SNPs from different methods suggested chromosomal regions 5q23.3 and 13q13.3 as potential regions harboring genes for asthma in Puerto ricans. The validation analysis of these two regions in 284 Puerto Rican asthma trios gave significant association for the 5q23.3 region. Our results provide strong evidence that the previously linked 5q23 region is associated with asthma in Puerto ricans. The detection of causative variants in this region will require fine mapping and functional validation.
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recent genetic selection in the ancestral admixture of Puerto ricans
American Journal of Human Genetics, 2007Co-Authors: Hua Tang, Martin T Morgan, William Rodriguezcintron, Shweta Choudhry, Neil Risch, Esteban G BurchardAbstract:Recent studies have used dense markers to examine the human genome in ancestrally homogeneous populations for hallmarks of selection. No genomewide studies have focused on recently admixed groups—populations that have experienced admixing among continentally divided ancestral populations within the past 200–500 years. New World admixed populations are unique in that they represent the sudden confluence of geographically diverged genomes with novel environmental challenges. Here, we present a novel approach for studying selection by examining the genomewide distribution of ancestry in the genetically admixed Puerto ricans. We find strong statistical evidence of recent selection in three chromosomal regions, including the human leukocyte antigen region on chromosome 6p, chromosome 8q, and chromosome 11q. Two of these regions harbor genes for olfactory receptors. Interestingly, all three regions exhibit deficiencies in the European-ancestry proportion.
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ethnic specific differences in bronchodilator responsiveness among african americans Puerto ricans and mexicans with asthma
Journal of Asthma, 2007Co-Authors: Mariam Naqvi, Shweta Choudhry, Richard A Castro, Sylvette Nazario, Jose R Rodriguezsantana, Jesus Casal, Daniel Navarro, Shannon Thyne, Hui-ju Tsai, Alfonso TorresAbstract:Socioeconomic and environmental differences do not fully explain differences in asthma prevalence, morbidity, and mortality among Puerto ricans, African Americans, and Mexican Americans. Differences in response to albuterol may be a factor. We compared bronchodilator responsiveness between these three populations. All groups demonstrated below expected responsiveness. Puerto ricans of all ages and African American children with moderate-to-severe asthma demonstrated the lowest responsiveness overall. Among subjects with moderate-to-severe asthma, children were even less likely than adults to show the expected bronchodilator response. We conclude that ethnic-specific differences in bronchodilator drug responsiveness exist between Mexicans, Puerto ricans, and African Americans with asthma. This may be of importance in asthma management.
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ancestry environment interactions and asthma risk among Puerto ricans
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2006Co-Authors: Shweta Choudhry, Sylvette Nazario, Jesus Casal, Esteban G Burchard, Hua Tang, Mariam Naqvi, Luisa N Borrell, Ivan Gomez, Alphonso Torres, Juan Carlos MartinezcruzadoAbstract:Background: Puerto ricans, an admixed population of African, European, and Native American ancestries, have the highest asthma prevalence, morbidity, and mortality rates of any United States' population. Although socioeconomic status (SES) is negatively correlated with asthma incidence in most populations, no such relationship has been identified among Puerto ricans. We hypothesized that, in this admixed population, the association between SES and asthma may interact with genetic ancestry.Methods: We analyzed 135 Puerto Rican subjects with asthma and 156 control subjects recruited from six different recruitment centers in Puerto Rico. Individual ancestry for each subject was estimated using 44 ancestry informative markers. SES was assigned using the census tracts' median family income. Analyses of SES were based on the SES of the clinic site from which the subjects were recruited and on a subset of individuals on whom home address–based SES was available.Results: In the two (independent) analyses, we foun...
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pharmacogenetic differences in response to albuterol between Puerto ricans and mexicans with asthma
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2005Co-Authors: Shweta Choudhry, Sylvette Nazario, Jose R Rodriguezsantana, Alfonso Torres, Jesus Casal, Pedro C Avila, Jennifer D Gorman, Keyan Salari, Monica Toscano, Jody S SylviaAbstract:Background: In the United States, Puerto ricans and Mexicans have the highest and lowest asthma prevalence, morbidity, and mortality, respectively. Ethnic-specific differences in the response to drug treatment may contribute to differences in disease outcomes. Genetic variants at the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) may modify asthma severity and albuterol responsiveness. We tested the association of β2AR genotypes with asthma severity and bronchodilator response to albuterol in Puerto ricans and Mexicans with asthma. Methods: We used both family-based and cross-sectional tests of association with 8 β2AR single nucleotide polymorphisms in 684 Puerto Rican and Mexican families. Regression analyses were used to determine the interaction between genotype, asthma severity, and bronchodilator drug responsiveness. Results: Among Puerto ricans with asthma, the arginine (Arg) 16 allele was associated with greater bronchodilator response using both family-based and cross-sectional tests (p = 0.00001–0.01). We found a...
Yuming Ning - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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peer and parental influences on longitudinal trajectories of smoking among african americans and Puerto ricans
Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2006Co-Authors: Judith S Brook, Kerstin Pahl, Yuming NingAbstract:: The purpose of this study was to identify distinct trajectories of smoking behavior during a period extending from adolescence (mean age = 14 years) to young adulthood (mean age = 26 years) among African American and Puerto Rican adolescents/young adults, to examine ethnic and gender differences in group membership, and to assess the ability of peer and parental smoking to distinguish among trajectory groups. A community-based sample of 451 African American and Puerto Rican adolescents was interviewed four times during adolescence and in early adulthood, covering a span of 12 years. For both ethnic/racial groups, four distinct trajectories were identified: Nonsmokers, maturing-out smokers, late-starting smokers, and early-starting continuous smokers. Compared with Puerto ricans, African Americans were over-represented in the nonsmoking group, whereas Puerto ricans were over-represented in the early-starting continuous group. Females were more likely than males to be early-starting continuous smokers than late starters. Adolescents who were exposed to peer and parental smoking in early adolescence were more likely to belong to trajectory groups characterized by higher levels of smoking. These findings show that exposure to peer and parental smoking in early adolescence constitutes a risk factor for engaging in elevated levels of smoking behavior at an early age and for continued smoking into adulthood for urban African Americans and Puerto ricans. To be most effective, smoking prevention programs should address peer group and family influences on adolescent smoking.
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smoking involvement during adolescence among african americans and Puerto ricans risks to psychological and physical well being in young adulthood
Psychological Reports, 2006Co-Authors: Judith S Brook, Yuming Ning, Martin Whiteman, Elinor B Balka, Stephen J FinchAbstract:: The major aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal association between adolescent smoking involvement and self-reported psychological and physical outcomes in young adulthood. Participants included 333 African Americans and 329 Puerto ricans who were surveyed in 1990 in their New York City schools and interviewed in 1995 and 2000-2001, primarily in their homes. The psychological outcomes included ego integration, symptoms of depression, anxiety, and interpersonal difficulty. The physical health measures included a general health rating, number of illnesses, and symptoms of ill health. Also, three scales measured problems due to alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drug use. Smoking involvement varied by age, sex, and ethnicity but not by socioeconomic status nor by late adolescent parental status. Analysis showed that the relationships between adolescent smoking involvement and psychological and physical health problems in young adulthood remained significant even with control on demographic factors, earlier levels of the outcome variables, and marijuana use. The relationships between smoking behavior and problems with alcohol, marijuana and other illicit drug use were particularly strong. Thus, adolescent smoking seems to have a wide range of clinical implications for young adulthood.
Katherine L Tucker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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psychosocial risk factors of food insecurity in Puerto ricans living in the u s from baseline to 5 year follow up p04 041 19
Current Developments in Nutrition, 2019Co-Authors: Katherine L Tucker, Muzi NaAbstract:Objectives Food insecurity is prevalent among Puerto ricans (PR) in the U.S. and is associated with worse mental health problems. However, the direction of the association cannot be determined from previous cross-sectional studies. In this study, we aim to explore the longitudinal associations between a group of psychosocial factors and changes in food insecurity status over 5 years among PR population.
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acculturation and food insecurity among Puerto ricans living in boston
Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 2018Co-Authors: Kaipeng Wang, Katherine L Tucker, Adolfo G Cuevas, Robert G Hasson, Luis M FalconAbstract:Abstract Objective To examine the associations among acculturation, food environment, and food insecurity among Puerto ricans in Boston. Methods The researchers used data from the second wave of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. The sample included 719 Puerto Rican adults in Boston. The researchers used logistic regression to examine the associations between psychological and language acculturation and food insecurity. Results Individuals with medium psychological acculturation were more likely to be food insecure than were those with low or high psychological acculturation (P = .01). The association between language acculturation and food insecurity differed by distance of residence from primary shopping location (P = .02). Conclusions and Implications This study extends the understanding of acculturation and food insecurity by investigating the impact of psychological and language acculturation. The findings highlight biculturalism, indicated by medium psychological acculturation, as a risk factor for food insecurity. People with low language acculturation who live far from food shopping locations had the highest prevalence of food insecurity.
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perceptions and motivations to prevent heart disease among Puerto ricans
American Journal of Health Behavior, 2016Co-Authors: Josiemer Mattei, Jacqueline Mendez, Luis M Falcon, Katherine L TuckerAbstract:OBJECTIVES: We performed a qualitative assessment of Puerto ricans' knowledge and perceptions of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and motivations/barriers and preferences to participate in community/ clinical programs for CVD-prevention. METHODS: Four guided focus group discussions were conducted on a total of 24 Puerto ricans, aged 40-60 years in Boston, MA. RESULTS: Participants were aware of CVD, but less knowledgeable about its prevention. They perceived it as serious, and either had CVD or knew someone who had it. They favored education and activities on nutrition, exercise, clinical advice, and social interaction, in weekly/ biweekly small-group sessions with other Latinos, led in Spanish by a familiar health professional, in a convenient community location. Age- and culture-specific program content and educational materials were preferred. A theme emerged on 'personal or family motivations' such as to become healthier and live longer so they would feel better and support their families, or to learn about CVD-prevention. Main barriers included family obligations, weather, safety concerns, transportation, and depressive mood. CONCLUSIONS: Culturally-tailored CVD-prevention programs for Puerto ricans should include multiple behavioral and social approaches, and draw on intrinsic motivators while reducing barriers to help enhance efficacy and sustainability.
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low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 1 variant interacts with saturated fatty acids in Puerto ricans
Obesity, 2013Co-Authors: Caren E Smith, Katherine L Tucker, Laurence D Parnell, Jose M OrdovasAbstract:Low density lipoprotein related receptor protein 1 (LRP1) is a multi-functional endocytic receptor that is highly expressed in adipocytes and the hypothalamus. Animal models and in vitro studies support a role for LRP1 in adipocyte metabolism and leptin signaling, but genetic polymorphisms have not been evaluated for obesity in people. We examined whether dietary fats (eg., saturated, polyunsaturated) modulated the association of LRP1 variants with anthropometric traits. We studied a population-based sample of Puerto ricans (n=920, aged 45–74 y) living in the Boston area. In multivariable linear regression models, we dichotomized saturated fat intake and found significant interaction terms between total saturated fatty acids and LRP1 rs1799986 genotype for BMI (P=0.006) and hip (P=0.002). High intake of saturated fat was associated with higher BMI (P=0.001), waist (P=0.008) and hip (P=0.003) in minor allele carriers (CT+TT) compared to CC participants. Further analysis of dichotomized individual saturated fatty acids revealed that interactions were strongest for two individual longer chain fatty acids. High intake of palmitic acid (C16:0; P=0.0007) and high stearic acid intake (C18:0; P=0.005) were associated with higher BMI in T carriers. Interactions were not detected for polyunsaturated fatty acids. Gene-diet interactions at the LRP1 locus support the hypothesis that susceptibility to weight gain based on saturated fatty acids is modified by genotype and possibly by chain length. These results may facilitate the development of a panel of genetic candidates for use in optimizing dietary recommendations for obesity management.
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disparities in allele frequencies and population differentiation for 101 disease associated single nucleotide polymorphisms between Puerto ricans and non hispanic whites
BMC Genetics, 2009Co-Authors: Katherine L Tucker, Josiemer Mattei, Laurence D Parnell, Bibiana Garciabailo, Xian Adiconis, Jian Shen, Donna K Arnett, Serkalem DemissieAbstract:Background: Variations in gene allele frequencies can contribute to differences in the prevalence of some common complex diseases among populations. Natural selection modulates the balance in allele frequencies across populations. Population differentiation (F ST ) can evidence environmental selection pressures. Such genetic information is limited in Puerto ricans, the second largest Hispanic ethnic group in the US, and a group with high prevalence of chronic disease. We determined allele frequencies and population differentiation for 101 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 30 genes involved in major metabolic and disease-relevant pathways in Puerto ricans (n = 969, ages 45–75 years) and compared them to similarly aged non-Hispanic whites (NHW) (n = 597). Results: Minor allele frequency (MAF) distributions for 45.5% of the SNPs assessed in Puerto ricans were significantly different from those of NHW. Puerto ricans carried risk alleles in higher frequency and protective alleles in lower frequency than NHW. Patterns of population differentiation showed that Puerto ricans had SNPs with exceptional FST values in intronic, nonsynonymous and promoter regions. NHW had exceptional FST values in intronic and promoter region SNPs only. Conclusion: These observations may serve to explain and broaden studies on the impact of gene polymorphisms on chronic diseases affecting Puerto ricans.
