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A. Zasadowski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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influence of bi 58 nowy 38 dimethoate on Pyrantel Embonate concentration in the liver of rats
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2009Co-Authors: D. Barski, A. ZasadowskiAbstract:The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of Pyrantel residues in the liver of rats in different time points after oral administration of Pyrantel Embonate as well as combined administration of the Bi 58 Nowy preparation (38% of dimethoate) and Pyrantel Embonate. The experiment was conducted in two stages involving different doses of compounds and modes of exposure. At the first stage, the animals were administered Pyrantel Embonate with a stomach tube at a dose of 1000 mg/kg b.w. twice in a two-week interval, i.e. on day 14 and 28, and the Bi 58 Nowy preparation with drinking water at a dose of 15.48 mg/kg b.w. for 28 days. At the second stage, the rats received Pyrantel Embonate at a dose of 400 mg/kg b.w. with a stomach tube for 3 consecutive days, whereas the Bi 58 Nowy preparation was administered at a dose of 38.7 mg/kg b.w. also with a stomach tube for 5 consecutive days. In the rats doubly administered with Pyrantel Embonate, its residues were present until day 14, whereas when the drug was administered for 3 consecutive days they were present until day 7 of the experiment. The maximum concentration of Pyrantel Embonate was found in the liver after the 3rd hour, whereas a considerable decrease occurred between the 3rd and the 12th hour. The combined administration of Pyrantel Embonate and the Bi 58 Nowy preparation caused a significant decrease in the concentration of Pyrantel residues in the liver 3 and 6 hours after exposure, as compared to the rats receiving the drug alone.
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effect of Pyrantel and dimethoate administration on rat liver cytochrome p450 system
Bulletin of The Veterinary Institute in Pulawy, 2006Co-Authors: Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz, D. Barski, A. Zasadowski, Piotr Czekaj, Anna Wiaderkiewicz, Beata I Czajkowska, Artur PalaszAbstract:The cytochrome P450 system in rat liver after administration of dimethoate (5 d, 1/10 DL50), Pyrantel Embonate (3 d, 1/5 DL50) or both xenobiotics simultaneously was analysed. Both compounds were administered directly to the stomach by the tube and the components of cytochrome P450 system were analysed in the microsomal fraction of the liver up to 14 d after the last applied dose. Intoxication with Pyrantel diminished the total content of cytochrome P450 in all analysed time intervals. On the other hand, intoxication with dimethoate resulted in increase in the cytochrome P450 content 2 d after the last applied dose. The changes in activities of NADPH: cyt.P450 and NADH: cyt.b5 reductases were small and statistically not significant. Both dimethoate and Pyrantel affected the expression of CYP1A2, CYP2B1/2 and CYP3A1 proteins. Both compounds had a slight negative effect on CYP2B1/2. In animals receiving dimethoate as well as both xenobiotics simultaneously a significant increase in the level of CYP1A2 protein was observed. However, stimulatory effect of dimethoate on the expression of CYP1A2 was abolished by simultaneous intoxication with Pyrantel. The changes in CYP3A1 protein expression corresponded with those observed for the total amount of cytochrome P450.
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residues of dimethoate in the liver and ache activity in blood of rats after exposure to dimethoate and dimethoate and Pyrantel Embonate
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2006Co-Authors: D. Barski, A. ZasadowskiAbstract:The study was aimed at determining the dimethoate residues in the liver and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in blood of rats exposed to dimethoate (individual intoxication), and dimethoate and Pyrantel Embonate (simultaneous intoxication). The experiment was carried out in two stages where various doses of preparations and exposure manners were used. In the first stage of the experiment, dimethoate (1/25 LD50) was administered to animals per os for 28 days, and Pyrantel Embonate (1/2 LD550) twice, i.e. on the day 14th and 28th. In the second stage, dimethoate was administered for 5 days (1/10 LD50), and Pyrantel Embonate (1/5 LD50) on day 3, 4 and 5 from the beginning of dimethoate intoxication. The short presence of the dimethoate residues in the liver of the animals examined was found until the 2nd day after 28-day intoxication (1/25 LD50) and until 14th day after 5-day intoxication (1/10 LD50), however, a distinct decrease in this insecticide residues in the liver of (analysed groups of) rats occurred between the 3rd hour and the 2nd day after exposure. Dimethoate in both applied doses significantly reduced AChE activity in blood. After application of the higher dose, the inhibition of AChE was more pronounced, and the return of its activity to physiological values lasted considerably longer. Co-administration of Pyrantel Embonate and dimethoate, slightly influenced changes of the parameters analysed, which have been dependent not only on a dose and manner of Pyrantel application but also on time which lapsed from exposure.
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effect of oral administration of bi 58 nowy and Pyrantel Embonate on the activity of selected antioxidative enzymes and malondialdehyde content in rats
Bulletin of The Veterinary Institute in Pulawy, 2006Co-Authors: D. Barski, A. ZasadowskiAbstract:The effect of the Bi 58 Nowy (40% dimethoate) and Pyrantel Embonate, administered separately and in combination, on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in erythrocytes and on malondialdehyde (MDA) content in rat liver homogenates was investigated. The Bi 58 Nowy and Pyrantel Embonate were administered per os for 5 d at 1/10 DL50 and for 3 d at 1/5 DL50, respectively. The administration of these compounds caused a significant increase in MDA level in the liver. A larger and more prolonged increase was caused by Bi 58 Nowy. In addition, an elevated activity of SOD (3 h – 14 d) and CAT (2 – 14 d) in erythrocytes was observed, unlike the case of Pyrantel Embonate. After the combined exposure, slightly stronger changes were observed in the analysed parameters as compared to the separate intoxication by Bi 58 Nowy.
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the effect of dimethoate and Pyrantel Embonate intoxication on selected elements
2005Co-Authors: Adam Wysocki, A. ZasadowskiAbstract:Widespread use of organophosphorus insecticides in agriculture and high incidence of anthelmic infections treated with antiparasitic drugs creates the risk of exposure of both humans and animals to multiple xenobiotics. In the presented study we investigated the effectiveness of the antioxidant defence system in the rat after individual administration of dimethoate or Pyrantel Embonate and after coadministration of both xenobiotics. Material and Methods: Experiments were performed on male Wistar rats administered dimethoate (1/25 LD 50 for 28 days) and/or Pyrantel Embonate (1/2 LD 50 on days 14 and 28) intragastrically by gavage. Activities of glu- tathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and gluthatione reductase (GR) in blood as well as GSH content and malondialde- hyde (MDA) level in the liver tissue were analysed 3, 6, 12 h and 2, 7 and 14 days after the last delivered dose. Results: The effect of both dimethoate and Pyrantel Embonate on the analysed components of the antioxidative barrier was most evident 3 and 6 h after intoxication. At these time points, the decrease in GSH content and GSR activity corresponded with the highest increase in MDA level. Simultaneous intoxication with both xenobiotics affected mostly GR whose activity persisted below the control level up to 7 days after intoxication. Conclusions: Both dimethoate and Pyrantel Embonate act as the inducers of polyunsaturated fatty acids peroxi- dation, which may affect biomembranes integrity in intoxicated rats. The observed changes in GSH-Px and GR activities as well as in GSH content, most probably reflect the adaptive response to reactive oxygen species and other reactive by-products generated during metabolism of studied compounds.
Anu Näreaho - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Risk factors for equine intestinal parasite infections and reduced efficacy of Pyrantel Embonate against Parascaris sp.
Veterinary Parasitology, 2019Co-Authors: Katja Hautala, Oili Kauppinen, Martin K. Nielsen, Antti Sukura, Anu Näreaho, Päivi J. Rajala-schultzAbstract:Abstract Gastrointestinal parasites, Parascaris sp. and strongyles, are common in young horses worldwide and control of these parasites is challenged by increasing anthelmintic resistance. Our aim was to identify risk factors for these infections as well as to assess the efficacy of fenbendazole (dose 7.5 mg/kg) and Pyrantel Embonate (dose 19 mg/kg) against Parascaris sp. We also evaluated association between owner observed symptoms and patent infections with these parasites. Fecal samples were collected from 367 young horses in Finland and a questionnaire study was conducted. Fecal egg counts were performed by Mini-FLOTAC® method. Univariable logistic regression models using patent infection status (Yes/No), separately for Parascaris sp. and strongyle infections as an outcome were run initially to screen potential risk factors collected by the questionnaire. After the initial screening, multiple logistic regression models were constructed and run to account for correlated data structure, risk factors and potential confounders simultaneously. Two significant risk factors for a patent Parascaris sp. infection were found: breeding farm size (p = 0.028) and frequency of horse movements (p = 0.010). Horses originating from large breeding farms were more likely (OR = 2.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–5.51) to shed Parascaris sp. eggs upon relocation to training stables compared to horses originating from small breeding farms. Horses living in farms with frequent horse movements to other premises had higher odds (OR = 3.56, 95% CI: 1.35–9.39) of a patent Parascaris sp. infection compared to farms with less frequent horse movements. Risk factors for patent strongyle infection included age (p
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Impaired efficacy of ivermectin against Parascaris equorum, and both ivermectin and Pyrantel against strongyle infections in trotter foals in Finland.
Veterinary Parasitology, 2011Co-Authors: Anu Näreaho, K. Vainio, Antti OksanenAbstract:Abstract In order to assess the resistance situation against macrocyclic lactones in Parascaris equorum and against tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives in strongyles in Finnish trotter horses, 112 foals on 18 farms, mostly 1 year old, were examined for these parasites with a modified McMaster faecal flotation method. P. equorum positive foals (n = 24) were given ivermectin orally at a dose of 200 μg/kg b.w., while strongyle positive but P. equorum negative foals (n = 38) received Pyrantel Embonate orally at a dose of 19 mg/kg. Sixteen P. equorum infected foals, treated with ivermectin, also harboured strongyles. During the anthelmintic treatment visit to the farm, Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) reference (first) samples were collected. Fourteen days later, the second sampling (reduction samples) was done. The FECR was calculated for each foal/parasite combination. The reduction efficacies of ivermectin against P. equorum (mean 52%, calculated from the individual egg count reductions) and Pyrantel against strongyles (43%) were strongly indicative of widespread resistance. Also indication of ivermectin resistance among strongyles was seen. The widespread use of anthelmintics for Finnish horses obviously has resulted in resistance, as has happened elsewhere, too.
J Höglund - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Parascaris equorum in foals and in their environment on a Swedish stud farm, with notes on treatment failure of ivermectin.
Veterinary parasitology, 2007Co-Authors: K Lindgren, O Ljungvall, O Nilsson, B-l Ljungström, C Lindahl, J HöglundAbstract:Environmental contamination and the egg excretion pattern of the ascarid Parascaris equorum (Nematoda) was investigated in relation to anthelmintic treatment on a Swedish stud farm. Faecal samples from 15 foals, dewormed every 8th-week with a paste formulation of ivermectin at the standard dose rate of 0.2 mg/kg bodyweight, were collected at five sampling occasions between August and November 2006. In addition, soil samples were obtained from four paddocks used by these foals in November 2006. The number of eggs per gram (epg) was counted in both faeces and soil. Egg excretion started when the foals were 3-4 months, and reached the highest levels when they were approximately 5-month-old, and was then followed by a decline. Egg excretion seemed to be unaffected by ivermectin despite these foals were dewormed at regular intervals. In four out of five foals examined 10 days after treatment, epg actually increased. In contrast, when either fenbendazol or Pyrantel Embonate were used instead of ivermectin, treatments were effective. The number of eggs in soil was significantly higher in the permanent paddock compared to in the temporarily used soil paddock and in the summer paddocks.
Eva Tydén - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Resistance to Pyrantel Embonate and efficacy of fenbendazole in Parascaris univalens on Swedish stud farms.
Veterinary parasitology, 2018Co-Authors: Frida Martin, Johan Höglund, Tomas F. Bergström, Oskar Karlsson Lindsjö, Eva TydénAbstract:Abstract The aims of this study were to determine the species of Parascaris present in foals in Sweden and to establish whether anthelmintic resistance to Pyrantel and fenbendazole is present on Swedish stud farms. Ascarid eggs collected from different regions in Sweden were karyotyped and were all identified as Parascaris univalens, characterized by one chromosomal pair. Faecal egg count reduction tests were performed on a total of 142 foals on 9 farms between September 2016 and May 2017. Healthy foals with at least 150 eggs per gram faeces (EPG) were included in the study and treated with oral pastes of Pyrantel Embonate or fenbendazole according to manufacturer instructions. The efficacy of the drugs was calculated by a Bayesian model using the R package “eggCounts”. In accordance with the American Association of Equine Practitioners, parasites were classified as resistant to Pyrantel if the reduction in EPG was ≤ 85% and to fenbendazole if the observed efficacy was ≤ 90%. Four of eleven groups treated with Pyrantel had an observed efficacy of ≤ 85%, and as many as 43% of the foals treated with Pyrantel excreted eggs 10–16 days after treatment. In contrast, one of the six groups treated with fenbendazole had an observed efficacy of ≤ 90%, and only 6% of all foals were excreting eggs 10–16 days after treatment. Since resistance to ivermectin has earlier been shown to be widespread in Parascaris spp. in Sweden it is likely that multiresistant populations are present on Swedish stud farms. This is the first study showing the existence of Pyrantel-resistant Parascaris spp. in Europe, and the first ever study where anthelmintic resistance has been shown in P. univalens.
Antti Oksanen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Impaired efficacy of ivermectin against Parascaris equorum, and both ivermectin and Pyrantel against strongyle infections in trotter foals in Finland.
Veterinary Parasitology, 2011Co-Authors: Anu Näreaho, K. Vainio, Antti OksanenAbstract:Abstract In order to assess the resistance situation against macrocyclic lactones in Parascaris equorum and against tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives in strongyles in Finnish trotter horses, 112 foals on 18 farms, mostly 1 year old, were examined for these parasites with a modified McMaster faecal flotation method. P. equorum positive foals (n = 24) were given ivermectin orally at a dose of 200 μg/kg b.w., while strongyle positive but P. equorum negative foals (n = 38) received Pyrantel Embonate orally at a dose of 19 mg/kg. Sixteen P. equorum infected foals, treated with ivermectin, also harboured strongyles. During the anthelmintic treatment visit to the farm, Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) reference (first) samples were collected. Fourteen days later, the second sampling (reduction samples) was done. The FECR was calculated for each foal/parasite combination. The reduction efficacies of ivermectin against P. equorum (mean 52%, calculated from the individual egg count reductions) and Pyrantel against strongyles (43%) were strongly indicative of widespread resistance. Also indication of ivermectin resistance among strongyles was seen. The widespread use of anthelmintics for Finnish horses obviously has resulted in resistance, as has happened elsewhere, too.
