Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

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K P Doolan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Johnathan A Hiltz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • characterization of fluoroelastomers by various analytical techniques including pyrolysis gas chromatography mass Spectrometry
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2014
    Co-Authors: Johnathan A Hiltz
    Abstract:

    Abstract Fluorocarbon elastomers are specified for a number of applications where excellent high temperature and chemical resistance is required. To ensure that a fluoroelastomer with the required properties for a particular application is used, characterization techniques that allow the positive identification of the elastomer are required. In this paper the characterization of four fluoroelastomer formulations – a vinylidene fluoride/hexafluoropropene (VDF/HFP) dipolymer, a vinylidene fluoride/hexafluoropropene/tetrafluoroethylene terpolymer, and two vinylidene fluoride/perfluoro(methyl vinyl ether)/tetrafluoroethylene (VDF/PMVE/TFE) tetrarpolymers – is described. The characterization techniques included pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass Spectrometry (py-GC/MS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Py-GC/MS was the only characterization technique that could identify the four formulations unambiguously. The positive identification was based on differences in the pyrolytic degradation products of the flouroelastomer formulations.

  • Characterization of fluoroelastomers by various analytical techniques including pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass Spectrometry☆
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2014
    Co-Authors: Johnathan A Hiltz
    Abstract:

    Abstract Fluorocarbon elastomers are specified for a number of applications where excellent high temperature and chemical resistance is required. To ensure that a fluoroelastomer with the required properties for a particular application is used, characterization techniques that allow the positive identification of the elastomer are required. In this paper the characterization of four fluoroelastomer formulations – a vinylidene fluoride/hexafluoropropene (VDF/HFP) dipolymer, a vinylidene fluoride/hexafluoropropene/tetrafluoroethylene terpolymer, and two vinylidene fluoride/perfluoro(methyl vinyl ether)/tetrafluoroethylene (VDF/PMVE/TFE) tetrarpolymers – is described. The characterization techniques included pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass Spectrometry (py-GC/MS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Py-GC/MS was the only characterization technique that could identify the four formulations unambiguously. The positive identification was based on differences in the pyrolytic degradation products of the flouroelastomer formulations.

Tetsuo Miyakoshi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Analysis of Sakhalin-Ainu lacquerwares by pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass Spectrometry
    Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2018
    Co-Authors: Soichiro Idei, Takayuki Honda, Tetsuo Miyakoshi
    Abstract:

    Abstract Six pieces of Sakhalin-Ainu lacquerware were analyzed by Pyrolysis-Gas chromatography/mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) to determine the lacquer source. In the direct Py-GC/MS, 3-heptylphenol (P7) and 3-pentadecylphenol (P15) were detected in the mass chromatograms at m/z = 108, and palmitic acid and stearic acid were detected at m/z = 60 in the mass chromatograms of all pieces of Sakhalin-Ainu lacquerware, implying that drying oil was added to sap collected from a Toxicodendron vernicifluum lacquer tree to prepare the lacquer. The energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence results showed that the component ratio of base ground powder was similar to that of Aizu and Joboji lacquerwares, and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed that Sakhalin-Ainu lacquerwares used persimmon tannin in the base ground powder like Joboji lacquerwares, suggesting that Sakhalin-Ainu lacquerwares were produced in Joboji, Japan. Based on these results, the production district, history, and culture of the Sakhalin-Ainu lacquerwares are discussed.

  • Analysis of Japanese Jōmon period red lacquerwares by pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass Spectrometry
    Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2018
    Co-Authors: Shinichi Takahashi, Takayuki Honda, Meesook Sung, Jaekook Jung, Tetsuo Miyakoshi
    Abstract:

    Abstract Sixteen lacquerwares excavated from the Minamikonuma ruins located in Saitama City, Saitama Prefecture, Japan, were analyzed by mean of cross-section observation, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT/IR), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The results showed that Fe2O3 was used as a red pigment in the relatively cheap lacquerwares or in the under layers, and HgS was used as another red pigment in an advanced stage. The characteristic urushiol products were detected in direct and derivative pyrolysis GC/MS of all sixteen lacquerwares and suggested that these Jōmon period lacquerwares were coated with lacquer sap collected from Toxicodendron vernicifluum lacquer trees.

  • Identification of Ryukyu lacquerwares by Pyrolysis-Gas chromatography/mass Spectrometry and 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2015
    Co-Authors: Takayuki Honda, Yoshimi Kamiya, Shun'ichi Nakai, Tetsuo Miyakoshi
    Abstract:

    Abstract Six pieces of lacquer obtained from Ryukyu lacquerwares produced in the 17–19th century in the Ryukyu Kingdom were analyzed by pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass Spectrometry and 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio measurements to determine the identity of the lacquer source. The results were compared with the standard of natural lacquer film to discriminate lacquer species. Four pieces were made used lacquer sap collected from Toxicodendron vernicifluum lacquer tree, and other two pieces were made with lacquer sap tapped from Toxicodendron succedanea lacquer tree according to the characteristics of the pyrolysis products. All 87Sr/86Sr isotope values of urushiol lacquerwares are over 0.71, suggesting that the origin of lacquer trees were the Asian continent.

  • Investigation of Ryukyu lacquerwares by Pyrolysis-Gas chromatography/mass Spectrometry☆
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2015
    Co-Authors: Takayuki Honda, Kunio Yoshida, Midori Yamabuki, Daisuke Ando, Masako Miyazato, Tetsuo Miyakoshi
    Abstract:

    Abstract Two pieces of lacquer obtained from Ryukyu lacquerwares produced in the 17–19th century in the Ryukyu Kingdom belonging to the Urasoe Art Museum were analyzed by Pyrolysis-Gas chromatography/mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The results were compared with the standard of natural lacquer film to determine the identity of the lacquer species. Urushiol (MW = 320), 3-heptylcatechol (MW = 208), and 3-heptylphenol (MW = 192) were detected as pyrolysis products of lacquer pieces of a lacquer tray made by the hakue technique, suggesting that this Ryukyu lacquerware was coated with lacquer sap tapped from a Toxicodendron vernicifluum lacquer tree. On the other hand, urushiol (MW = 320), 3-heptylcatechol (MW = 208), 3-heptylphenol (MW = 192), laccol (MW = 348), 3-nonylcatechol (MW = 236), and 3-nonylphenol (MW = 220) were detected as pyrolysis products of lacquer pieces from a dinner tray made by the mitsuda-e technique, suggesting that this Ryukyu lacquerware was coated with mixture lacquer sap tapped from T. vernicifluum and Toxicodendron succedanea lacquer trees, respectively. Moreover, microscopy and cross-section studies demonstrated that the lacquers had a multi-layer structure. X-ray analytical microscopy was carried out directly on the surface of lacquerwares to determine the presence of different pigments.

  • Analysis of Japanese Jōmon lacquer-ware by Pyrolysis-Gas chromatography/mass Spectrometry
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2013
    Co-Authors: Takayuki Honda, Yoshimi Kamiya, Kunio Yoshida, Tetsuo Miyakoshi
    Abstract:

    Japanese Jōmon period lacquer-ware objects were analyzed using a digital optical microscope and pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass Spectrometry. Comparison with standard lacquer films showed that all the objects were coated with sap tapped from Rhus vernicifera lacquer trees. Red iron oxide was used as a red pigment. Natural resin found in the lacquer pieces suggested that during the development of Japanese Jōmon lacquer-ware, lacquer workers used local lacquer resources to produce lacquer, and learned to use natural resin in the restoration and protection of the lacquer-ware objects. In addition, the production and technology of Jōmon lacquer-ware are also discussed.

Guido C. Galletti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass Spectrometry of lignocellulose
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2005
    Co-Authors: Guido C. Galletti, Paola Bocchini
    Abstract:

    The use of pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass Spectrometry (PY/GC/MS) to determine the molecular composition of lignocellulose is reviewed and the technique illustrated with applications on some novel systems. Constituents and structural arrangement of lignocellulosic polymers in plant cell wall are briefly described. The basic principles of pyrolysis and the main advantages and disadvantages of PY/GC/MS are discussed. PY/GC/MS analyses of (a) paper industry effluents, (b) agricultural by-products subjected to biological processes of delignification and (c) recycled paper are presented as examples of the amount of information that PY/GC/MS can provide on lignin classification and monitoring of delignification treatments as well as on the fingerprinting of lignocellulosic materials. The ion trap detector mass spectra of 56 pyrolysis products of lignocellulose, including compounds of phenolic, furanic and pyranic nature, are shown.

  • Pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass Spectrometry of arsenic inorganic compounds
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2005
    Co-Authors: Giuseppe Chiavari, Daniele Fabbri, Guido C. Galletti
    Abstract:

    Pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass Spectrometry (PY/GC/MS) of As4S6 (orpiment), As4S4 (realgar), As4O6 (arsenolite), NaH2AsO4 (sodium di-H-orthoarsenate) was performed using a platinum-filament pyrolyzer heated at 700°C for 10 s and coupled to a capillary gas chromatograph/ion trap mass spectrometer. As4 was observed as a pyrolysis fragment in the pyrograms of all compounds. Pyrolysis of NaH2AsO4 equivalent to 100 ng of As, produced a strong As4 chromatographic peak. As4S3 and As4S4 were detected as pyrolysis products of As4S6 (orpiment). As4S4 (realgar) and As4O6 (arsenolite) were detected as intact molecules after pyrolysis. By contrast, intact As4S6 was not detected after pyrolyses in the range 400–700°C. As4 was detected as an impurity in the painting layer of an Egyptian mummy. The mass spectra of such arsenic compounds, none of which is included in the NIST library of spectra, are reported. Advantages and limitations of PY/GC/MS as a technique for the qualitative detection of arsenic inorganic compounds are discussed.

  • Pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass Spectrometry of spelt (Triticum spelta L.) pericarp
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 1998
    Co-Authors: Guido C. Galletti, Paola Bocchini, L Filippo D'antuono, Isabella Rosolen
    Abstract:

    Pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass Spectrometry (PY/GC/MS) was used to characterize the pericarp fiber of grain samples of 6 spelt (Triticum spelta L.) along with 3 different bread wheats plus 7 spelt–wheat crosses. Absolute amounts of lignin and polysaccaride pyrolysis products were quantified as μg mg−1 of sample using an internal standard method. The pyrolysis fragments ascribed to the polysaccharide fraction were significantly more abundant in spelt whereas wheats contained the highest percentage of lignin-derived pyrolysis fragments. Discriminant analysis differentiated spelt, spelt–wheat crosses and wheat. Thus, among possible options for fiber analysis, PY/GC/MS proved to be a reproducible and reliable analytical tool, which can be easily applied to the screening and characterization of cereal fiber. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  • Pyrolysis gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry of natural resins used for artistic objects
    Chromatographia, 1995
    Co-Authors: Giuseppe Chiavari, Paola Bocchini, Daniele Fabbri, Rocco Mazzeo, Guido C. Galletti
    Abstract:

    Eight resins used as protective layers for paintings, small sculptures, jewelries and artistic furniture, namely, Manila copal, colophony, Venice turpentine, elemi, shellac, dammar, sandarac and mastic were subjected to pyrolysis gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (PY-GC-MS). Significant mass spectral ions were monitored in each pyrogram. A table for identification of such resins based on the most significant ions in the mass spectra of the pyrolysis fragments is proposed. The results of PY-GC-MS analysis of a sample from the earth globe Giovanni Enriques, attributed to the Venetian geographer Vincenzo Coronelli (1650–1718) (Museo della Specola, Department of Astronomy, University of Bologna), are reported as an example of practical application of the method to a real artistic sample.

  • Thermal decomposition products of aspartame as determined by Pyrolysis-Gas chromatography/mass Spectrometry
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 1995
    Co-Authors: Guido C. Galletti, Giuseppe Chiavari, Paola Bocchini
    Abstract:

    Abstract The thermal decomposition products of aspartame at temperatures ranging from 350 to 950 °C were determined by Pyrolysis-Gas chromatography/mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), using a quartz sample holder, placed in a platinum coil filament pyrolyzer, and an ion trap detector mass spectrometer. Fragments typical of the amino acid constituents of aspartame, along with other aspartame-diagnostic fragments, were determined in the pool of pyrolysis fragments. Pyrolyses were replicated for aspartame samples ranging from 0.2 to 1.3 mg and the reproducibility of the results was determined. Samples were pyrolyzed as they were or in the presence of tetramethylammonium hydroxide in order to achieve thermally assisted hydrolysis methylation (THM). The results obtained from the Py-GC/MS and THM-GC/MS of table-top sweeteners and a soft drink containing aspartame are discussed in view of using such a technique as a rapid tool to determine aspartame content in food products.

Peter Kusch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

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