The Experts below are selected from a list of 8598 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Johan Rockstrom - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sustainable management of scarce water resources in tropical Rainfed Agriculture
2012Co-Authors: S P Wani, Kaushal K Garg, A K Singh, Johan RockstromAbstract:Ensuring global food security for the ever-growing population that will cross 9 billion by 2050 and reducing poverty are challenging tasks. Growing per capita income in the emerging giant economies such as Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIe) implies increased additional pressure on global food production due to changing food habits. The increased food production has to come from the available and limited water and land resources, which are finite. The quantity of n~ither available water nor land has increased since 1950, but the availability of water and land per dapita has declined significantly due to increase in global human population. For example, in India, per capita water availability has decreased from 5177 m3 in 1951to 1820 m3 in 2001 due to increase in population from 361 million in 1951 to 1.02 billion in 20m, which is expected to rise to 1.39 billion by 2025 and 1.64 billion by 2050 with associated decrease in per capita water availability of 1341 m' by 2025 and 1140 m' by 2050. respectively..
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integrated watershed management in Rainfed Agriculture
2011Co-Authors: S P Wani, Johan Rockstrom, K L SahrawatAbstract:This book provides a comprehensive presentation of the realization of improved Rainfed Agriculture yield in semi-arid and dry land areas. The incentive of watershed programs is to increase the return on investment with over 20% for 65% of the projects that are currently underperforming. Besides techniques to improve the livelihood of the many small-scale farmers in developing countries, it includes examples and case studies for further support. The methods discussed have recently shown to be successful and economically remunerative in India and in various African countries. Intended for professionals (investors, policy makers), researchers and (post) graduate students working on dry land and sustainable Agriculture and water and natural resources management. Suited for courses in dry land Agriculture, soil and water management and watershed development.
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managing water in Rainfed Agriculture the need for a paradigm shift
Agricultural Water Management, 2010Co-Authors: Johan Rockstrom, S P Wani, Theib Oweis, Louise Karlberg, N Hatibu, Jennie Barron, Adriana Bruggeman, J Farahani, Z QiangAbstract:Rainfed Agriculture plays and will continue to play a dominant role in providing food and livelihoods for an increasing world population. We describe the world's semi-arid and dry sub-humid savannah and steppe regions as global hotspots, in terms of water related constraints to food production, high prevalence of malnourishment and poverty, and rapidly increasing food demands. We argue that major water investments in Agriculture are required. In these regions yield gaps are large, not due to lack of water per se, but rather due to inefficient management of water, soils, and crops. An assessment of management options indicates that knowledge exists regarding technologies, management systems, and planning methods. A key strategy is to minimise risk for dry spell induced crop failures, which requires an emphasis on water harvesting systems for supplemental irrigation. Large-scale adoption of water harvesting systems will require a paradigm shift in Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM), in which rainfall is regarded as the entry point for the governance of freshwater, thus incorporating green water resources (sustaining Rainfed Agriculture and terrestrial ecosystems) and blue water resources (local runoff). The divide between Rainfed and irrigated Agriculture needs to be reconsidered in favor of a governance, investment, and management paradigm, which considers all water options in agricultural systems. A new focus is needed on the meso-catchment scale, as opposed to the current focus of IWRM on the basin level and the primary focus of agricultural improvements on the farmer's field. We argue that the catchment scale offers the best opportunities for water investments to build resilience in small-scale agricultural systems and to address trade-offs between water for food and other ecosystem functions and services.
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global potential to increase crop production through water management in Rainfed Agriculture
Environmental Research Letters, 2009Co-Authors: Stefanie Rost, Johan Rockstrom, Malin Falkenmark, Dieter Gerten, Holger Hoff, Wolfgang LuchtAbstract:This modeling study explores—spatially explicitly, for current and projected future climate, and for different management intensity levels—the potential for increasing global crop production through on-farm water management strategies: (a) reducing soil evaporation (‘vapor shift’) and (b) collecting runoff on cropland and using it during dry spells (‘runoff harvesting’). A moderate scenario, implying both a 25% reduction in evaporation and a 25% collection of runoff, suggests that global crop production can be increased by 19%, which is comparable with the effect of current irrigation (17%). Climate change alone (three climate models, SRES A2r emissions and population, constant land use) will reduce global crop production by 9% by 2050, which could be buffered by a vapor shift level of 50% or a water harvesting level of 25%. Even if realization of the beneficial effects of rising atmospheric CO2 concentration upon plants was ensured (by fertilizer use) in tandem with the above moderate water management scenario, the water available on current cropland will not meet the requirements of a world population of 9–10 billion.
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Rainfed Agriculture unlocking the potential
Research Papers in Economics, 2009Co-Authors: S P Wani, Johan Rockstrom, Theib OweisAbstract:1. Rainfed Agriculture - Past Trends and Future Prospects 2. Zooming in on the Global Hotspots of Rainfed Agriculture in Water Constrained Environments 3. Water Resource Implications of Upgrading Rainfed Agriculture - Focus on Green and Blue Water Trade-offs 4. Tectonics-climate Linked Natural Soil Degradation and its Impact in Rainfed Agriculture: Indian Experience 5. Determinants of Crop Growth and Yield in a Changing Climate 6. Yield Gap Analysis: Modeling of Achievable Yields at Farm Level 7. Can Rainfed Agriculture Feed the World? - An Assessment of Potentials and Risk 8. Opportunities for Improving Crop-water Productivity Through Genetic Enhancement of Dryland Crops 9. Water Harvesting for Improved Rainfed Agriculture in the Dry Environments 10. Supplemental Irrigation for Improved Rainfed Agriculture: In WANA Region 11. Opportunities for Water Harvesting and Supplemental Irrigation for Improving Rainfed Agriculture in Semi-arid Areas 12. Integrated Farm Management Practices and Up Scaling the Impact for Increased Productivity of Rainfed Systems 13. Challenges of Adoption and Adaptation of Land and Water Management Options in Smallholder Agriculture: Synthesis of Lessons and Experiences 14. Scaling-out Community Watershed Management for Multiple Benefits in Rainfed Areas.
Simrin Makhija - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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new modalities for managing drought risk in Rainfed Agriculture evidence from a discrete choice experiment in odisha india
World Development, 2018Co-Authors: Patrick S Ward, Simrin MakhijaAbstract:Droughts have historically had large impacts on agricultural production in Rainfed agricultural systems. Scientists and policymakers have proposed various strategies for managing risks, with limited success. In this study we consider two such strategies, specifically drought tolerant rice and weather index insurance. While neither drought tolerant cultivars nor weather index insurance products are perfect solutions for adequately managing drought risk in and of themselves, there is scope to exploit the benefits of each and bundle them into a complementary risk management product, specifically through proper index calibration and an optimized insurance design. In this study, we explore preferences for such a complementary risk management product using discrete choice experiments in Odisha, India. We are able to estimate the added value that farmers perceive in the bundled product above and beyond the value associated with each of the independent products. We also show that valuations are very sensitive to the basis risk implied by the insurance product, with farmers less enthusiastic about risk management products that leave significant risks uninsured.
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new modalities for managing drought risk in Rainfed Agriculture evidence from a discrete choice experiment in odisha india
Social Science Research Network, 2016Co-Authors: Patrick S Ward, Simrin MakhijaAbstract:In this paper we explore the potential for a new approach to managing drought risk among Rainfed rice producers in Odisha, India. Droughts have historically been a serious constraint to agricultural production in Rainfed agricultural systems, with droughts resulting in significant reductions in both yields and cultivated area, in turn leading to significant impacts on rural livelihoods and food security. Scientists and policy makers have proposed various strategies for managing risks, with limited success. In this study we consider two such strategies, specifically drought-tolerant rice and weather index insurance. While neither drought-tolerant cultivars nor weather index insurance products are perfect solutions for adequately managing drought risk in and of themselves, there is scope to exploit the benefits of each and bundle them into a complementary risk management product, specifically through proper index calibration and an optimized insurance design. In this study, we explore preferences for such a complementary risk management product using discrete choice experiments in Odisha, India. We are able to estimate the added value that farmers perceive in the bundled product above and beyond the value associated with each of the independent products. We also show that valuations are sensitive to the basis risk implied by the insurance product, with farmers less enthusiastic about risk management products that leave significant risks uninsured.
S P Wani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bhoochetana mission to boost productivity of Rainfed Agriculture through science led interventions in karnataka
2012Co-Authors: S P WaniAbstract:Role and contribution of Rainfed areas in food production has been quite significant. Eighty per cent of the cultivable area in the world and population is dependent on Rainfed Agriculture. Major share of food production ie., about 60% comes from Rainfed Agriculture. Area under Rainfed Agriculture in India is 85 million ha. contributing to 44% National food production. Similar situation more or less exists in Karnataka. Out of total cultivated area of 123.85 lakh ha., about 70% of the area is Rainfed. Major Rainfed crops of the State are jowar, ragi, maize, minor millets, groundnut, sunflower, soybean, tur, green gram, black gram, Bengal gram, and field bean etc. It has been observed that the average yields of these crops by and large in the State are less than the national average and also averages of other States. Further a wide gap exists in actual yield levels in the farmer’s field and yields of field level demonstrations. There is an opportunity to enhance yield levels in the fields of farmers by two to three folds through adoption of suitable improved dryland technologies for various crops. Based on the research findings of ICRISAT, Hyderabad, and demonstrations conducted under Sujala Watershed Programme; a set of dryland technologies have been identified by ICRISAT, Hyderabad for increasing yields to an extent of minimum 20%. Encouraged by this, and also with a view to enable farmers to get better yields in their fields, the Government of Karnataka initiated an novel scheme called Bhoochetana during 2009–10.......
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sustainable management of scarce water resources in tropical Rainfed Agriculture
2012Co-Authors: S P Wani, Kaushal K Garg, A K Singh, Johan RockstromAbstract:Ensuring global food security for the ever-growing population that will cross 9 billion by 2050 and reducing poverty are challenging tasks. Growing per capita income in the emerging giant economies such as Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIe) implies increased additional pressure on global food production due to changing food habits. The increased food production has to come from the available and limited water and land resources, which are finite. The quantity of n~ither available water nor land has increased since 1950, but the availability of water and land per dapita has declined significantly due to increase in global human population. For example, in India, per capita water availability has decreased from 5177 m3 in 1951to 1820 m3 in 2001 due to increase in population from 361 million in 1951 to 1.02 billion in 20m, which is expected to rise to 1.39 billion by 2025 and 1.64 billion by 2050 with associated decrease in per capita water availability of 1341 m' by 2025 and 1140 m' by 2050. respectively..
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integrated watershed management in Rainfed Agriculture
2011Co-Authors: S P Wani, Johan Rockstrom, K L SahrawatAbstract:This book provides a comprehensive presentation of the realization of improved Rainfed Agriculture yield in semi-arid and dry land areas. The incentive of watershed programs is to increase the return on investment with over 20% for 65% of the projects that are currently underperforming. Besides techniques to improve the livelihood of the many small-scale farmers in developing countries, it includes examples and case studies for further support. The methods discussed have recently shown to be successful and economically remunerative in India and in various African countries. Intended for professionals (investors, policy makers), researchers and (post) graduate students working on dry land and sustainable Agriculture and water and natural resources management. Suited for courses in dry land Agriculture, soil and water management and watershed development.
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managing water in Rainfed Agriculture the need for a paradigm shift
Agricultural Water Management, 2010Co-Authors: Johan Rockstrom, S P Wani, Theib Oweis, Louise Karlberg, N Hatibu, Jennie Barron, Adriana Bruggeman, J Farahani, Z QiangAbstract:Rainfed Agriculture plays and will continue to play a dominant role in providing food and livelihoods for an increasing world population. We describe the world's semi-arid and dry sub-humid savannah and steppe regions as global hotspots, in terms of water related constraints to food production, high prevalence of malnourishment and poverty, and rapidly increasing food demands. We argue that major water investments in Agriculture are required. In these regions yield gaps are large, not due to lack of water per se, but rather due to inefficient management of water, soils, and crops. An assessment of management options indicates that knowledge exists regarding technologies, management systems, and planning methods. A key strategy is to minimise risk for dry spell induced crop failures, which requires an emphasis on water harvesting systems for supplemental irrigation. Large-scale adoption of water harvesting systems will require a paradigm shift in Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM), in which rainfall is regarded as the entry point for the governance of freshwater, thus incorporating green water resources (sustaining Rainfed Agriculture and terrestrial ecosystems) and blue water resources (local runoff). The divide between Rainfed and irrigated Agriculture needs to be reconsidered in favor of a governance, investment, and management paradigm, which considers all water options in agricultural systems. A new focus is needed on the meso-catchment scale, as opposed to the current focus of IWRM on the basin level and the primary focus of agricultural improvements on the farmer's field. We argue that the catchment scale offers the best opportunities for water investments to build resilience in small-scale agricultural systems and to address trade-offs between water for food and other ecosystem functions and services.
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diagnosis of secondary and micronutrient deficiencies and their management in Rainfed agroecosystems case study from indian semi arid tropics
Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2010Co-Authors: K L Sahrawat, S P Wani, G Pardhasaradhi, K V S MurthyAbstract:Rainfed Agriculture in the semi‐arid tropical (SAT) regions of India is greatly influenced by water shortages caused by low, highly variable, and erratic rainfall. However, apart from water shortages, crop productivity in these regions is also affected by low fertility. Little effort has been devoted to diagnosing and managing the nutrient‐related problems in farmers' fields in the SAT regions of India. The ongoing integrated watershed management program by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐arid Tropics and its partners provided the opportunity to diagnose the soil infertility‐related problems by soil testing, develop nutrient management protocols, and determine on‐farm crop responses to fertilization in the SAT zone of India. This article discusses examples from recent research on the diagnosis of multinutrient deficiencies and on‐farm crop responses to fertilization. Results of analyses of soil samples from farmers' fields in several districts of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Na...
Z Qiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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managing water in Rainfed Agriculture the need for a paradigm shift
Agricultural Water Management, 2010Co-Authors: Johan Rockstrom, S P Wani, Theib Oweis, Louise Karlberg, N Hatibu, Jennie Barron, Adriana Bruggeman, J Farahani, Z QiangAbstract:Rainfed Agriculture plays and will continue to play a dominant role in providing food and livelihoods for an increasing world population. We describe the world's semi-arid and dry sub-humid savannah and steppe regions as global hotspots, in terms of water related constraints to food production, high prevalence of malnourishment and poverty, and rapidly increasing food demands. We argue that major water investments in Agriculture are required. In these regions yield gaps are large, not due to lack of water per se, but rather due to inefficient management of water, soils, and crops. An assessment of management options indicates that knowledge exists regarding technologies, management systems, and planning methods. A key strategy is to minimise risk for dry spell induced crop failures, which requires an emphasis on water harvesting systems for supplemental irrigation. Large-scale adoption of water harvesting systems will require a paradigm shift in Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM), in which rainfall is regarded as the entry point for the governance of freshwater, thus incorporating green water resources (sustaining Rainfed Agriculture and terrestrial ecosystems) and blue water resources (local runoff). The divide between Rainfed and irrigated Agriculture needs to be reconsidered in favor of a governance, investment, and management paradigm, which considers all water options in agricultural systems. A new focus is needed on the meso-catchment scale, as opposed to the current focus of IWRM on the basin level and the primary focus of agricultural improvements on the farmer's field. We argue that the catchment scale offers the best opportunities for water investments to build resilience in small-scale agricultural systems and to address trade-offs between water for food and other ecosystem functions and services.
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unlocking the potential of Rainfed Agriculture the need for a paradigm shift in water resource management
Agricultural Water Management, 2008Co-Authors: Johan Rockstrom, S P Wani, Theib Oweis, Louise Karlberg, N Hatibu, Jennie Barron, Adriana Bruggeman, J Farahani, Z QiangAbstract:Unlocking the Potential of Rainfed Agriculture : The Need for a Paradigm Shift in Water Resource Management
Patrick S Ward - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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new modalities for managing drought risk in Rainfed Agriculture evidence from a discrete choice experiment in odisha india
World Development, 2018Co-Authors: Patrick S Ward, Simrin MakhijaAbstract:Droughts have historically had large impacts on agricultural production in Rainfed agricultural systems. Scientists and policymakers have proposed various strategies for managing risks, with limited success. In this study we consider two such strategies, specifically drought tolerant rice and weather index insurance. While neither drought tolerant cultivars nor weather index insurance products are perfect solutions for adequately managing drought risk in and of themselves, there is scope to exploit the benefits of each and bundle them into a complementary risk management product, specifically through proper index calibration and an optimized insurance design. In this study, we explore preferences for such a complementary risk management product using discrete choice experiments in Odisha, India. We are able to estimate the added value that farmers perceive in the bundled product above and beyond the value associated with each of the independent products. We also show that valuations are very sensitive to the basis risk implied by the insurance product, with farmers less enthusiastic about risk management products that leave significant risks uninsured.
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new modalities for managing drought risk in Rainfed Agriculture evidence from a discrete choice experiment in odisha india
Social Science Research Network, 2016Co-Authors: Patrick S Ward, Simrin MakhijaAbstract:In this paper we explore the potential for a new approach to managing drought risk among Rainfed rice producers in Odisha, India. Droughts have historically been a serious constraint to agricultural production in Rainfed agricultural systems, with droughts resulting in significant reductions in both yields and cultivated area, in turn leading to significant impacts on rural livelihoods and food security. Scientists and policy makers have proposed various strategies for managing risks, with limited success. In this study we consider two such strategies, specifically drought-tolerant rice and weather index insurance. While neither drought-tolerant cultivars nor weather index insurance products are perfect solutions for adequately managing drought risk in and of themselves, there is scope to exploit the benefits of each and bundle them into a complementary risk management product, specifically through proper index calibration and an optimized insurance design. In this study, we explore preferences for such a complementary risk management product using discrete choice experiments in Odisha, India. We are able to estimate the added value that farmers perceive in the bundled product above and beyond the value associated with each of the independent products. We also show that valuations are sensitive to the basis risk implied by the insurance product, with farmers less enthusiastic about risk management products that leave significant risks uninsured.
