The Experts below are selected from a list of 9336 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
M Walter D Mertz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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risk assessment of essential trace elements new approaches to setting Recommended Dietary Allowances and safety limits
Nutrition Reviews, 2009Co-Authors: M Walter D MertzAbstract:By definition, every essential trace element must have a range of intakes safe from toxicity but adequate enough to meet nutrition requirements. That range is part of the total dose—response curve and its lower and upper limits are delineated on the basis of nutrition and toxicology data, respectively. Close coordination of activities to set these limits is necessary to avoid recommendations that are either impractical (narrow zones of safe and adequate intakes) or contradictory (overlapping limits, i.e., no zones of safe and adequate intakes).
Christine J Bergman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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review of the Dietary reference intake for calcium where do we go from here
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2008Co-Authors: Susan Meacham, Darlene Grayscott, Jaujiin Chen, Christine J BergmanAbstract:In this article the science relied on to establish the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) specifically for calcium was examined. The latest Dietary recommendations for the essential nutrients significant with respect to their roles in bone metabolism and health were reported in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride (1997) (NIM, 1997). For calcium an adequate intake was Recommended because insufficient data were available at the time to determine specific Recommended Dietary Allowances. Dietary intake data and the controversies regarding the role calcium may play in other chronic diseases have also been discussed. Advances and continued dilemmas regarding these topics reported since the publication of the DRI were also addressed in this review. A recent Dietary Reference Intake Research Synthesis Workshop report identified an extensive range of suggested future research directions needed to improve our understanding of calcium and bone and health.
Michael Fenech - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nutritional treatment of genome instability: a paradigm shift in disease prevention and in the setting of Recommended Dietary Allowances.
Nutrition Research Reviews, 2003Co-Authors: Michael FenechAbstract:The link between genome instability and adverse health outcomes during the various stages of life, such as infertility, fetal development and cancer, is briefly reviewed against a background of evidence indicating that genome instability, in the absence of overt exposure to genotoxins, is itself a sensitive marker of nutritional deficiency. The latter is illustrated with cross-sectional and Dietary intervention data obtained using the micronucleus assay, an efficient biomarker for diagnosing genome instability and nutritional deficiency. The concept of Recommended Dietary Allowances for genome stability and how this could be achieved is discussed together with the emerging field of nutritional genomics for genome stability. The review concludes with a vision for a disease-prevention strategy based on the diagnosis and nutritional treatment of genome instability, i.e. ‘Genome Health Clinics’. DNA damage: Genome stability: Micronutrients: Nutritional genomics: Recommended Dietary Allowances
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Micronutrients and genomic stability : a new paradigm for Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs)
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2002Co-Authors: Michael FenechAbstract:Diet as a key factor in determining genomic stability is more important than previously imagined because we now know that it impacts on all relevant pathways, namely exposure to Dietary carcinogens, activation/detoxification of carcinogens, DNA repair, DNA synthesis and apoptosis. Current Recommended Dietary Allowances for vitamins and minerals are based largely on the prevention of diseases of deficiency such as scurvy in the case of vitamin C. Because diseases of development, degenerative disease and aging itself are partly caused by damage to DNA it seems logical that we should focus better our attention on defining optimal requirements of key minerals and vitamins for preventing damage to both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. To date, our knowledge on optimal micronutrient levels for genomic stability is scanty and disorganised. However, there is already sufficient evidence to suggest that marginal deficiencies in folate, vitamin B12, niacin and zinc impact significantly on spontaneous chromosome damage rate. The recent data for folate and vitamin B12 in humans with respect to micronucleus formation in blood and epithelial cells provide compelling evidence of the important role of these micronutrients in maintenance of genome integrity and the need to revise current RDAs for these micronutrients based on minimisation of DNA damage. Appropriately designed in vitro studies and in vivo placebo controlled trials with dose responses using a complementary array of DNA damage biomarkers are required to define Recommended Dietary Allowances for genomic stability. Furthermore these studies would have to be targeted to individuals with common genetic polymorphisms that alter the bioavailability of specific micronutrients and the affinity of specific key enzymes involved in DNA metabolism for their micronutrient co-factor. That there is a need for an international collaborative effort to establish RDAs for genomic stability is self-evident.
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Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for genomic stability.
Mutation Research, 2001Co-Authors: Michael FenechAbstract:Diet as a key factor in determining genomic stability is more important than previously imagined because we now know it impacts on all relevant pathways, i.e. exposure to Dietary carcinogens, activation/detoxification of carcinogens, DNA repair, DNA synthesis and apoptosis. Current Recommended Dietary Allowances for vitamins and minerals are based largely on the prevention of diseases of deficiency such as scurvy in the case of Vitamin C. Because diseases of development, degenerative disease and ageing itself are partly caused by damage to DNA, it seems logical that we should focus better our attention on defining optimal requirements of key minerals and vitamins for preventing damage to both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. To date our knowledge on optimal micronutrient levels for genomic stability is scanty and disorganised. Appropriately designed placebo, controlled trials are required to define Recommended Dietary Allowances for genomic stability. Recently, it has been shown that above RDA intakes of folic acid and Vitamin B12 are required to reduce the micronucleus index in humans by 25%. In the future, clinical trials with a defined wider array of complementary DNA damage end-points would be necessary. That there is a need for an international collaborative group to establish RDAs for genomic stability is self-evident and this paper is a call for such a process to begin.
Susan Meacham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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review of the Dietary reference intake for calcium where do we go from here
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2008Co-Authors: Susan Meacham, Darlene Grayscott, Jaujiin Chen, Christine J BergmanAbstract:In this article the science relied on to establish the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) specifically for calcium was examined. The latest Dietary recommendations for the essential nutrients significant with respect to their roles in bone metabolism and health were reported in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride (1997) (NIM, 1997). For calcium an adequate intake was Recommended because insufficient data were available at the time to determine specific Recommended Dietary Allowances. Dietary intake data and the controversies regarding the role calcium may play in other chronic diseases have also been discussed. Advances and continued dilemmas regarding these topics reported since the publication of the DRI were also addressed in this review. A recent Dietary Reference Intake Research Synthesis Workshop report identified an extensive range of suggested future research directions needed to improve our understanding of calcium and bone and health.
B Olmedilla - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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vitamin a and e content in dairy products their contribution to the Recommended Dietary Allowances rda for elderly people
Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging, 2002Co-Authors: C Herrero, F Granado, I Blanco, B OlmedillaAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To determine the vitamin A, E and individual carotenoid content in dairy products and to assess their potential contribution to Recommended Dietary Intakes in elderly persons. METHODS: Dairy products frequentlyconsumed were analyzed: whole, semi-skimmed and skimmed milk, vitamin-fortified milk, dry powder milk, yoghourt, cream, smelted and grated cheese, custard, butter, margarine and dairy-based probiotic products. Analysis were performed by HPLC as previously described. Accuracy and precision were assessed using Reference / Certified Materials. RESULTS: Vitamin A occurs as ester forms (mostly retinyl palmitate) whereas vitamin E is present as free form (mainly a-tocopherol). In supplemmented / fortified products they are added as ester forms, namely retinyl and tocopheryl acetate, respectively, b-carotene was the only carotenoid quantifiable in most products. Based on Recommended intakes for dairy products in Spain, the consumption of three standard portions / day provide about 16% and 3% of the RDI for vitamin A (1000 ug/d) and E (15 mg/d), respectively. The same consumption but using fortified/ supplemented milk and yoghourt, may increase the contribution up to 39% (vitamin A) and 24% (vitamin E) of the RDI for elderly subjects. CONCLUSION: The inclusion of fortified dairy products in the diet may be a practical, sustainable and cost-effective approach for improving vitamin intake and status in the elderly.
