The Experts below are selected from a list of 144 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Nicholas Sakellariou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A historical perspective on the engineering ideologies of sustainability: the case of SLCA
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2018Co-Authors: Nicholas SakellariouAbstract:Purpose The 1990s produced two distinct engineering ideologies of sustainability—one emphasizing engineering innovation and the other emphasizing socio-cultural change. The technological change ideology of sustainability refers to engineering reForm controlled and directed by engineers themselves—in other words, technological practices can be improved through the application of expertise. The technopolitics’ ideology of sustainability is about engineering challenge ; it places more emphasis on the devolution of expertise from the existing model of engineering and society, and it questions the dominant values of engineering practice. In this article, I present a historico-philosophical perspective on the development of social life cycle assessment (SLCA) to highlight how the dialectic between sustainability and engineering has been defined largely by the ideology of technological change. Methods I provide original historical evidence regarding the roles of key actors and institutions in fitting the life cycle perspective and corporate social responsibility (CSR) into sustainable development. Primary data for this chapter is based on archival materials as well as on 30, in depth, semi-structured interviews with North American and European LCA and SLCA experts. Other primary data were collected from participant observation in SLCA webinars and workshops. Results and discussion Technology is at the heart of SLCA—it is a shared faith in technology as the solution. At the same time, there is growing appreciation amongst SLCA proponents that such technology must be construed more critically. Although it remains a subaltern current within LCA, SLCA is evidence of how technological change and technopolitics are starting to converge and influence each other—a probe toward a more Reflective Form of engineering discourse and toward the Formation of a new hybrid sustainability ideology. Conclusions SLCA, I argue in this article, is an ideological hybrid where there are many spots of dissent and disagreement but also some surprising fundamental alignments between those who see engineering as techniques and those who believe that engineering needs to be socially and politically contextualized. Yet, even as the concepts of sustainable development, CSR, and LCA provide the intellectual and institutional mold within which SLCA becomes conceivable, these concepts may also obscure the historicity of sustainability engineering.
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A historical perspective on the engineering ideologies of sustainability: the case of SLCA
International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2016Co-Authors: Nicholas SakellariouAbstract:The 1990s produced two distinct engineering ideologies of sustainability—one emphasizing engineering innovation and the other emphasizing socio-cultural change. The technological change ideology of sustainability refers to engineering reForm controlled and directed by engineers themselves—in other words, technological practices can be improved through the application of expertise. The technopolitics’ ideology of sustainability is about engineering challenge; it places more emphasis on the devolution of expertise from the existing model of engineering and society, and it questions the dominant values of engineering practice. In this article, I present a historico-philosophical perspective on the development of social life cycle assessment (SLCA) to highlight how the dialectic between sustainability and engineering has been defined largely by the ideology of technological change. I provide original historical evidence regarding the roles of key actors and institutions in fitting the life cycle perspective and corporate social responsibility (CSR) into sustainable development. Primary data for this chapter is based on archival materials as well as on 30, in depth, semi-structured interviews with North American and European LCA and SLCA experts. Other primary data were collected from participant observation in SLCA webinars and workshops. Technology is at the heart of SLCA—it is a shared faith in technology as the solution. At the same time, there is growing appreciation amongst SLCA proponents that such technology must be construed more critically. Although it remains a subaltern current within LCA, SLCA is evidence of how technological change and technopolitics are starting to converge and influence each other—a probe toward a more Reflective Form of engineering discourse and toward the Formation of a new hybrid sustainability ideology. SLCA, I argue in this article, is an ideological hybrid where there are many spots of dissent and disagreement but also some surprising fundamental alignments between those who see engineering as techniques and those who believe that engineering needs to be socially and politically contextualized. Yet, even as the concepts of sustainable development, CSR, and LCA provide the intellectual and institutional mold within which SLCA becomes conceivable, these concepts may also obscure the historicity of sustainability engineering.
Haridimos Tsoukas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Theory as therapy: Wittgensteinian reminders for Reflective theorizing in organization and management theory
Philosophy and Organization Theory, 2020Co-Authors: John Shotter, Haridimos TsoukasAbstract:In this chapter, drawing primarily on Wittgenstein, we argue that a representationalist view of theory in an applied or practical science such as organization and management theory (OMT) is unrealistic and misleading, since it fails to acknowledge theory's ineradicable dependence on the dynamics of the life-world within which it has its ‘currency’. We explore some of the difficulties raised by the use of representational theorizing in OMT, and mainly explore the nature of a more Reflective Form of theorizing. Reflective theory, we argue, invites practitioners to attend to the grammar of their actions, namely to the rules and meanings that actors draw upon in their participation in social practices. In this view, the role of theory resembles the role Wittgenstein ascribed to philosophy: it is theory-as-therapy. The latter seeks to make action more perspicuous by providing the conceptual means to practitioners to engage in re-articulating, not only their taken-for-granted assumptions and models but also their modes of orientation and their ways of relating themselves to the situations in which they must work. Reflective theory works to draw their attention to aspects of people's interactions in organizations not usually noticed, to bring to awareness unconscious habits, confusions, prejudices and pictures that hold practitioners captive, and, furthermore, to point out that other continuations of them than those routinely followed are possible. This view of theory – as perceptually reorienting rather than as cognitively explaining – is illustrated by looking at the Karl Weick's sensemaking theory.
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Philosophical Organization Theory - Theory as Therapy: Wittgensteinian Reminders for Reflective Theorizing in Organization and Management Theory John Shotter and Haridimos Tsoukas
Philosophical Organization Theory, 2018Co-Authors: Haridimos TsoukasAbstract:This chapter argues that a representationalist view of theory in an applied or practical science, such as Organization and Management Theory (OMT), is unrealistic and misleading, since it fails to acknowledge theory’s ineradicable dependence on the dynamics of the lifeworld within which it has its “currency.” It explores some of the difficulties raised by the use of representational theorizing in OMT, and the nature of a more Reflective Form of theorizing. Reflective theorizing invites practitioners to attend to the grammar of their actions, namely to the rules and meanings that actors draw upon in their participation in social practices. It works to draw their attention to aspects of people’s interactions in organizations not usually noticed; to bring to awareness unconscious habits, confusions, prejudices, and pictures that hold practitioners captive. This view of theory—as perceptually reorienting rather than as cognitively explaining—is illustrated by looking at Karl Weick’s sensemaking theory.
Dan Zahavi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Varieties of Self-Awareness
Oxford Handbooks Online, 2013Co-Authors: Thor Grünbaum, Dan ZahaviAbstract:This chapter argues that explicit (Reflective) self-conscious thinking is founded on an implicit (pre-Reflective) Form of self-awareness built into the very structure of phenomenal consciousness. In broad strokes, the argument is that a theory denying the existence of pre-Reflective or minimal self-awareness has difficulties explaining a number of essential features of explicit first-person self-reference, and that this will impede a proper understanding of certain types of psychopathology. The chapter proceeds by discussion of a number of prominent theories of self-knowledge and self-reference relating them to Forms of self-consciousness. It is then argued that getting these various relations right is important to a proper understanding of a number of psychopathological phenomena.
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Phenomenological psychopathology and schizophrenia: Contemporary approaches and misunderstandings
Philosophy Psychiatry & Psychology, 2011Co-Authors: Louis A. Sass, Josef Parnas, Dan ZahaviAbstract:The present paper clarifies key issues in phenomenology and phenomenological psychopathology (especially of schizophrenia) through a critique of a recent article that addresses these topics. Topics include (1) Phenomenology's role in clarifying issues not amenable to purely empirical methods; (2) The relationship between a phenomenological approach (focusing on the subjective life of the patient) and empirical science, including neuroscience; (3) The nature of self-experience, especially in its pre-Reflective Form (" ipseity "—involving "operative intentionality"), and its possible disturbance in schizophrenia ("hyper-reflexivity" and "diminished self-affection"); (4) The relationship between self-disturbance in schizophrenia and disorders of both temporality and (what Husserl termed) "passive syntheses"; (5) The role of intentional or quasi-volitional processes in the perceptual (and other) disorders in schizophrenia; (6) The nature and diversity of phenomenology's potential contribution to the enterprise of "explanation"; and (7) The meaning of several concepts: "hermeneutic" or "existential" approach, phenomenological "reflection," and "negative symptoms."
Josef Parnas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Phenomenological Psychopathology and Schizophrenia: Contemporary
2020Co-Authors: Josef ParnasAbstract:Abstract: The present paper clarifies key issues in phenomenology and phenomenological psychopathol-ogy (especially of schizophrenia) through a critique of a recent article that addresses these topics. Topics include (1) Phenomenology’s role in clarifying issues not amenable to purely empirical methods; (2) The relationship between a phenomenological approach (focusing on the subjective life of the patient) and em-pirical science, including neuroscience; (3) The nature of self-experience, especially in its pre-Reflective Form (“ ipseity ”—involving “operative intentionality”), and its possible disturbance in schizophrenia (“hyper-reflexivity” and “diminished self-affection”); (4) The relationship between self-disturbance in schizophrenia and disorders of both temporality and (what Husserl termed) “passive syntheses”; (5) The role of intentional or quasi-volitional processes in the perceptual (and other) disorders in schizophrenia; (6) The nature and diversity of phenomenology’s potential contribution to the enterprise of “explanation”; and (7) The meaning of several concepts: “hermeneutic” or “existential” ap-proach, phenomenological “reflection,” and “negative symptoms.”Keywords: self-disorder, pre-Reflective self-awareness, ipseity, hyperreflexivity, self-affection, phenomenologi-cal reflection, phenomenological explanation
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Phenomenological psychopathology and schizophrenia: Contemporary approaches and misunderstandings
Philosophy Psychiatry & Psychology, 2011Co-Authors: Louis A. Sass, Josef Parnas, Dan ZahaviAbstract:The present paper clarifies key issues in phenomenology and phenomenological psychopathology (especially of schizophrenia) through a critique of a recent article that addresses these topics. Topics include (1) Phenomenology's role in clarifying issues not amenable to purely empirical methods; (2) The relationship between a phenomenological approach (focusing on the subjective life of the patient) and empirical science, including neuroscience; (3) The nature of self-experience, especially in its pre-Reflective Form (" ipseity "—involving "operative intentionality"), and its possible disturbance in schizophrenia ("hyper-reflexivity" and "diminished self-affection"); (4) The relationship between self-disturbance in schizophrenia and disorders of both temporality and (what Husserl termed) "passive syntheses"; (5) The role of intentional or quasi-volitional processes in the perceptual (and other) disorders in schizophrenia; (6) The nature and diversity of phenomenology's potential contribution to the enterprise of "explanation"; and (7) The meaning of several concepts: "hermeneutic" or "existential" approach, phenomenological "reflection," and "negative symptoms."
Evan O'dorney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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On a remarkable identity in class numbers of cubic rings
Journal of Number Theory, 2017Co-Authors: Evan O'dorneyAbstract:Abstract In 1997, Y. Ohno empirically stumbled on an astoundingly simple identity relating the number of cubic rings h ( Δ ) of a given discriminant Δ, over the integers, to the number of cubic rings h ˆ ( Δ ) of discriminant − 27 Δ in which every element has trace divisible by 3: (1) h ˆ ( Δ ) = { 3 h ( Δ ) if Δ > 0 h ( Δ ) if Δ 0 , where in each case, rings are weighted by the reciprocal of their number of automorphisms. This allows the functional equations governing the analytic continuation of the Shintani zeta functions (the Dirichlet series built from the functions h and h ˆ ) to be put in self-Reflective Form. In 1998, J. Nakagawa verified (1) . We present a new proof of (1) that uses the main ingredients of Nakagawa's proof (binary cubic Forms, recursions, and class field theory), as well as one of Bhargava's celebrated higher composition laws, while aiming to stay true to the stark elegance of the identity.
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A remarkable identity in class numbers of cubic rings
arXiv: Number Theory, 2016Co-Authors: Evan O'dorneyAbstract:In 1997, Y. Ohno empirically stumbled on an astoundingly simple identity relating the number of cubic rings $h(D)$ of a given discriminant $D$, over the integers, to the number of cubic rings $h'(D)$ of discriminant $-27D$ in which every element has trace divisible by 3: $h'(D) = h(D)$, if $D 0$, where in each case, rings are weighted by the reciprocal of their number of automorphisms. This allows the functional equations governing the analytic continuation of the Shintani zeta functions (the Dirichlet series built from the values of $h$ and $h'$) to be put in self-Reflective Form. In 1998, J. Nakagawa verified Ohno's conjecture. We present a new proof of the identity that uses the main ingredients of Nakagawa's proof (binary cubic Forms, recursions, and class field theory), as well as one of Bhargava's celebrated higher composition laws, while aiming to stay true to the stark elegance of the identity.