The Experts below are selected from a list of 16971 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Nicholas Hatzis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
personal Religious beliefs in the workplace how not to define indirect Discrimination
Social Science Research Network, 2011Co-Authors: Nicholas HatzisAbstract:Religious Discrimination occurs when a person is treated less favourably because of her religion. In cases of indirect Discrimination the claimant needs to demonstrate that an otherwise neutral measure has caused her to suffer a particular disadvantage which people with different Religious beliefs did not suffer. In Eweida v. British Airways the Court of Appeal held that personal Religious beliefs which are not part of official Religious dogma cannot be relied upon as a basis for a claim of indirect Discrimination. The article argues that this is an erroneous interpretation of anti-Discrimination law. It discusses, first, the reasoning in Eweida; then, it examines the treatment of personal Religious beliefs in other cases in Britain and the United States; finally, it places the issue in a human rights framework.
-
Personal Religious Beliefs in the Workplace: How Not to Define Indirect Discrimination
The Modern Law Review, 2011Co-Authors: Nicholas HatzisAbstract:In cases concerning indirect Religious Discrimination the claimant must demonstrate that an otherwise neutral measure has caused her to suffer a particular disadvantage because of her religion. In Eweida v British Airways the Court of Appeal held that personal Religious beliefs which are not part of official Religious dogma cannot be relied upon as the basis for a claim of indirect Discrimination. I discuss, first, the reasoning of the Court of Appeal in Eweida; then I examine the way personal Religious beliefs have been treated in other cases in Britain and in the United States; finally, I place the issue in a wider human rights framework.
Jonathan Fox - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Examining the causes of government-based Discrimination against Religious minorities in western democracies: societal-level Discrimination and securitization
Comparative European Politics, 2018Co-Authors: Jonathan Fox, Roger Finke, Marie A. EisensteinAbstract:This study examines the causes of government-based Religious Discrimination (GRD) against Religious minorities in Western democracies. We focus on two causes. First securitization theory posits minorities which are perceived as security threats are more likely to attract GRD. Second, many posit that GRD has its origin in societal Discrimination (SRD) and prejudices. We test these theories using new data from the Religion and State-Minorities round 3 dataset (RASM3) which includes 116 Religious minorities in 26 Western democracies. Our findings support securitization theory’s predictions, but this result pertains mostly to Muslims because they constitute most minorities in Western Democracies which engage in violence against the majority religion, thereby posing a security threat. Similarly, the theorized relationship between SRD and GRD holds only for Muslim minorities which we posit is due to their securitization.
-
explaining Discrimination against Religious minorities
Politics and Religion, 2017Co-Authors: Roger Finke, Robert R Martin, Jonathan FoxAbstract:Research has documented that Religious minorities often face the brunt of Religious Discrimination. Yet formal tests, using global collections, have been lacking. Building on the Religious economy theory and recent work in law and politics, we propose that minority religions face Discrimination from the state because they represent unwanted competition for the state supported religion, are viewed as a threat to the state and larger culture, and lack support from an independent judiciary. Drawing on the recently collected Religion and State-Minorities collection on more than 500 minority religions, we find support for each of the propositions, though the level of support varies based on the targets of state Discrimination. In general, the support is strongest when explaining Discrimination against minority religion's institutions and clergy, but weakens when explaining more general Discrimination against the membership.
-
does Discrimination breed grievances and do grievances breed violence new evidence from an analysis of Religious minorities in developing countries
Conflict Management and Peace Science, 2017Co-Authors: Matthias Basedau, Jonathan Fox, Jan H Pierskalla, Georg Struver, Johannes VullersAbstract:Since Ted Gurr’s Why Men Rebel it has become conventional wisdom that (relative) deprivation creates grievances and that these grievances in turn lead to intergroup violence. Recently, studies have yielded evidence that the exclusion of ethnic groups is a substantial conflict risk. From a theoretical angle, the relationship is straightforward and is likely to unfold as a causal chain that runs from objective Discrimination to (subjective) grievances and then to violence. We test this proposition with unique group-format data on 433 Religious minorities in the developing world from 1990 to 2008. While Religious Discrimination indeed increases the likelihood of grievances, neither grievances nor Discrimination are connected to violence. This finding is supported by a large number of robustness checks. Conceptually, Discrimination and grievances can take very different shapes and opportunity plays a much bigger role than any grievance-based approach expects.
-
the unfree exercise of religion a world survey of Discrimination against Religious minorities
2016Co-Authors: Jonathan FoxAbstract:Religious Discrimination is the norm in many countries around the world, and the rate is rising. Nearly every country which discriminates does so unequally, singling out some Religious minorities for more Discrimination than others. Religious tradition does not explain this complex issue. For example, Muslim majority states include both the most discriminatory and tolerant states in the world, as is also the case with Christian majority states. Religious ideologies, nationalism, regime, culture, security issues, and political issues are also all part of the answer. In The Unfree Exercise of Religion Jonathan Fox examines how we understand concepts like Religious Discrimination and Religious freedom, and why countries discriminate. He makes a study of Religious Discrimination against 597 Religious minorities in 177 countries between 1990 and 2008. While 29 types of Discrimination are discussed in this book, the most common include restrictions in places of worship, proselytizing, and Religious education.
-
political secularism religion and the state a time series analysis of worldwide data
2015Co-Authors: Jonathan FoxAbstract:1. Introduction 2. Secularism or secularization? 3. Establishment, support, neutrality, or hostility: the varieties of official religion policy 4. State support for religion 5. Regulation, restriction, and control of the majority religion 6. Religious Discrimination 7. Education, abortion, and proselytizing 8. Religion in constitutions 9. Conclusions Appendix A. Data collection and reliability.
David R Hodge - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
spiritual microaggressions understanding the subtle messages that foster Religious Discrimination
Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 2020Co-Authors: David R HodgeAbstract:Social workers have an ethical duty to recognize and support each person’s spiritual identity and ameliorate diverse forms of Religious bias. These ethnical mandates are increasingly salient in lig...
-
Religious Discrimination in social work preliminary evidence
Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work, 2006Co-Authors: Lawrence E Ressler, David R HodgeAbstract:Abstract Using quantitative and qualitative methods, this study explored perceptions of compliance with the ethical standards related to religion (N = 222). As posited, perceptions of ethical compliance were lower among social workers who affirmed a conservative or orthodox theological orientation compared to those who affirmed a liberal or progressive theology. Standards of particular concern were those related to (a) social work education about Religious diversity and the oppression Religious people encounter and (b) efforts to prevent and eliminate Religious Discrimination. In concert with these findings, qualitative analysis indicated two areas of major concern: institutional settings, such as academia, and colleagues. Respondents reported being demeaned, denigrated, ridiculed, and scorned by social work colleagues due to their Religious beliefs, particularly in educational settings. Interestingly, 44% of both orthodox and progressive respondents knew of clients who had experienced Discrimination due ...
-
Moving toward a more inclusive educational environment? A multi-sample exploration of Religious Discrimination as seen through the eyes of students from various faith traditions.
Journal of Social Work Education, 2006Co-Authors: David R HodgeAbstract:This multi-sample study of master of social work students from various faith traditions (N=391) explores the extent to which Religious Discrimination is perceived to exist as a problem in social work education programs. No difference in perceptions emerged between Religiously affiliated and non-affiliated respondents. Evangelical Christians generally reported higher levels of Discrimination than theologically liberal and mainline Christians. The confirmation of the second hypothesis suggests that professional attention may be needed to ensure compliance with the profession's ethical and educational standards, while the failure of the first hypothesis suggests that progress toward a more inclusive educational environment may be occurring.
Lynda Jiwen Song - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
expressing Religious identities in the workplace analyzing a neglected diversity dimension
Human Relations, 2014Co-Authors: Diether Gebert, Sabine Boerner, Eric Kearney, James E King, Kai Zhang, Lynda Jiwen SongAbstract:Responding to Jackson and Joshi’s (2011) call for specific models of the effects of particular diversity types and against the backdrop of the rising desire for the public expression of Religious identities in the workplace (Hicks, 2003), we develop a framework that systematically explores when and how the expression of diverse Religious identities induces relational conflicts in organizational units. In developing this framework, we integrate the respective literatures on religion studies (e.g. Hicks, 2003), identity-disclosure (e.g. Ragins, 2008) and diversity within organizational groups (Jackson and Joshi, 2011). Our framework specifies three paths whereby the public expression of diverse Religious identities can engender relational conflicts. As mediators, we discuss perceivers’ attribution of proselytism and Religious Discrimination, as well as identity threats. Moreover, we examine the moderating roles of actors’ and perceivers’ Religious fundamentalism, perceivers’ Religious identity salience and ...
Paul E Jose - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
identity perceived Religious Discrimination and psychological well being in muslim immigrant women
Applied Psychology, 2012Co-Authors: Marieke Jasperse, Colleen Ward, Paul E JoseAbstract:The study investigated perceived Religious Discrimination and three facets of Muslim identity (psychological, behavioural, and visible) as predictors of psychological well-being (life satisfaction and psychological symptoms) of 153 Muslim women in New Zealand. The results indicated that although visibility (wearing hijab) was associated with greater perceived Discrimination, it predicted positive psychological outcomes. Analysis further revealed that the psychological (pride, belongingness, and centrality) and behavioural (engaging in Islamic practices) facets of Muslim identity moderated the relationship between perceived Religious Discrimination and well-being. A strong psychological affiliation with Islam exacerbated the negative relationship between perceived Religious Discrimination and well-being. Conversely, engaging in Islamic practices buffered the negative impact of Discrimination. The research highlights the complexity of Muslim identity in diasporic women.
