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Angela Demichele - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • cancer survivorship genetic susceptibility and second primary cancers Research Strategies and recommendations
    Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2006
    Co-Authors: Lois B Travis, James M. Allan, Charles S Rabkin, Linda Morris Brown, Blanche P Alter, Christine B Ambrosone, Colin B Begg, Neil E Caporaso, Stephen J Chanock, Angela Demichele
    Abstract:

    KEYWORDS - CLASSIFICATION: adverse effects;Antineoplastic Agents;biomarkers of individual susceptibility: validation;Biotechnology;cancer epidemiology;chemically induced;Carcinogens;Case-Control Studies;Clinical Trials;Cohort Studies;Congresses;drug therapy;epidemiology;etiology;genetics;Genetic Predisposition to Disease;Humans;methods;mortality;Medical Informatics;Multicenter Studies;Neoplasms;Neoplasms,Radiation-Induced;Neoplasms,Second Primary;radiotherapy;Radiotherapy;Registries;Research;statistics & numerical data;Specimen Handling;Survivors;Syndrome;United States.

  • cancer survivorship genetic susceptibility and second primary cancers Research Strategies and recommendations
    Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2006
    Co-Authors: Lois B Travis, James M. Allan, Charles S Rabkin, Linda Morris Brown, Blanche P Alter, Christine B Ambrosone, Colin B Begg, Neil E Caporaso, Stephen J Chanock, Angela Demichele
    Abstract:

    Cancer survivors constitute 3.5% of the United States population, but second primary malignancies among this high-risk group now account for 16% of all cancer incidence. Although few data currently exist regarding the molecular mechanisms for second primary cancers and other late outcomes after cancer treatment, the careful measurement and documentation of potentially carcinogenic treatments (chemotherapy and radiotherapy) provide a unique platform for in vivo Research on gene-environment interactions in human carcinogenesis. We review Research priorities identified during a National Cancer Institute (NCI)-sponsored workshop entitled "Cancer Survivorship--Genetic Susceptibility and Second Primary Cancers." These priorities include 1) development of a national Research infrastructure for studies of cancer survivorship; 2) creation of a coordinated system for biospecimen collection; 3) development of new technology, bioinformatics, and biomarkers; 4) design of new epidemiologic methods; and 5) development of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Many of the infrastructure resources and design Strategies that would facilitate Research in this area also provide a foundation for the study of other important nonneoplastic late effects of treatment and psychosocial concerns among cancer survivors. These Research areas warrant high priority to promote NCI's goal of eliminating pain and suffering related to cancer.

Karluss Thomas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Research Strategies for safety evaluation of nanomaterials part vii evaluating consumer exposure to nanoscale materials
    Toxicological Sciences, 2006
    Co-Authors: Treye A Thomas, Karluss Thomas, Nakissa Sadrieh, Nora Savage, Patricia Adair, Robert L Bronaugh
    Abstract:

    Considerable media attention has recently been given to novel applications for products that contain nanoscale materials. These products could have utility in several industries that market consumer products, including textiles, sporting equipment, cosmetics, consumer electronics, and household cleaners. Some of the purported benefits of these products include improved performance, convenience, lower cost, as well as other desirable features, when compared to the conventional products that do not contain nanoscale materials. Although there are numerous likely consumer advantages from products containing nanoscale materials, there is very little information available regarding consumer exposure to the nanoscale materials in these products or any associated risks from these exposures. This paper seeks to review a limited subset of products that contain nanoscale materials, assess the available data for evaluating the consumer exposures and potential hazards associated with these products, and discuss the capacity of U.S. regulatory agencies to address the potential risks associated with these products.

  • Research Strategies for safety evaluation of nanomaterials part v role of dissolution in biological fate and effects of nanoscale particles
    Toxicological Sciences, 2006
    Co-Authors: Paul Borm, Karluss Thomas, Brij M Moudgil, Timothy D Landry, Frederick C Klaessig, Jurgen Pauluhn, Remi Trottier, Stewart P Wood
    Abstract:

    Dissolution, translocation, and disposition have been shown to play a key role in the fate and effects of inhaled particles and fibers. Concepts that have been applied in the micron size range may be usefully applied to the nanoscale range, but new challenges are presented based on the small size and possible change in the dissolution:translocation relationship. The size of the component molecule itself may be on the nanoscale. Solute concentration, surface area, surface morphology, surface energy, dissolution layer properties, adsorbing species, and aggregation are relevant parameters in considering dissolution at the nanoscale. With regard to the etiopathology caused by these types of particulates, the metrics of dose (particle number, surface area, mass or shape) is not yet well defined. Analytical procedures for assessing dissolution and translocation include chemical assay and particle characterization. Leaching of substituents from particle surfaces may also be important. Compartmentalization within the respiratory tract may add another dimension of complexity. Dissolution may be a critical step for some nanoscale materials in determining fate in the environment and within the body. This review, combining aspects of particle toxicology, material science, and analytical chemistry, is intended to provide a useful basis for developing relevant dissolution assay(s) for nanoscale particles.

  • Research Strategies for safety evaluation of nanomaterials part ii toxicological and safety evaluation of nanomaterials current challenges and data needs
    Toxicological Sciences, 2005
    Co-Authors: Michael P Holsapple, William H Farland, Timothy D Landry, Nancy A Monteiroriviere, Janet M Carter, Nigel J Walker, Karluss Thomas
    Abstract:

    This article summarizes a roundtable discussion held at the 2005 Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting in New Orleans, LA. The purpose of the roundtable was to review the current challenges and data needs for conducting toxicological and safety evaluations for nanomaterials, with the goals of presenting the current state-of-the science on the safety of nanomaterials and bringing together scientists representing government, academia, and industry to identify priorities for developing data to facilitate risk assessments for these materials. In this summary, the unique physicochemical properties associated with nanomaterials are reviewed in the context of the difficulties associated with measuring and characterizing them. In addition, the development of appropriate hazard data, the collection of accurate human and environmental exposure information, and the development of a better fundamental understanding of the modes of action for nanomaterials are discussed as factors that will impact the development of comprehensive toxicological and safety evaluations.

  • Research Strategies for safety evaluation of nanomaterials part i evaluating the human health implications of exposure to nanoscale materials
    Toxicological Sciences, 2005
    Co-Authors: Karluss Thomas, Philip Sayre
    Abstract:

    Nanotechnology has the potential to dramatically improve the effectiveness of a number of existing consumer and industrial products and could have a substantial impact on the development of new products ranging from disease diagnosis and treatment to environmental remediation. The broad range of possible nanotechnology applications could lead to substantive changes in industrial productivity, economic growth, and international trade. A continuing evaluation of the human health implications of exposure to nanoscale materials will be essential before the commercial benefits of these materials can be fully realized. The purpose of this article is to review the human health implications of exposure to nanoscale materials in the context of a toxicological risk evaluation, the current scope of U.S. Federal Research on nanoscale materials, and selected toxicological studies associated with nanoscale materials to note emerging Research in this area.

Lois B Travis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Testicular cancer survivorship: Research Strategies and recommendations
    Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2010
    Co-Authors: Lois B Travis, Clair Beard, Jennifer L. Kelly, Jeroen Oldenburg, Alv A. Dahl, Gedske Daugaard, M. Eileen Dolan, Darren R. Feldman, James M. Allan, Robyn Hannigan
    Abstract:

    Testicular cancer represents the most curable solid tumor, with a 10-year survival rate of more than 95%. Given the young average age at diagnosis, it is estimated that effective treatment approaches, in particular, platinum-based chemotherapy, have resulted in an average gain of several decades of life. This success, however, is offset by the emergence of considerable long-term morbidity, including second malignant neoplasms, cardiovascular disease, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, hypogonadism, decreased fertility, and psychosocial problems. Data on underlying genetic or molecular factors that might identify those patients at highest risk for late sequelae are sparse. Genome-wide association studies and other translational molecular approaches now provide opportunities to identify testicular cancer survivors at greatest risk for therapy-related complications to develop evidence-based long-term follow-up guidelines and interventional Strategies. We review Research priorities identified during an international workshop devoted to testicular cancer survivors. Recommendations include 1) institution of lifelong follow-up of testicular cancer survivors within a large cohort setting to ascertain risks of emerging toxicities and the evolution of known late sequelae, 2) development of comprehensive risk prediction models that include treatment factors and genetic modifiers of late sequelae, 3) elucidation of the effect(s) of decades-long exposure to low serum levels of platinum, 4) assessment of the overall burden of medical and psychosocial morbidity, and 5) the eventual formulation of evidence-based long-term follow-up guidelines and interventions. Just as testicular cancer once served as the paradigm of a curable malignancy, comprehensive follow-up studies of testicular cancer survivors can pioneer new methodologies in survivorship Research for all adult-onset cancer.

  • cancer survivorship genetic susceptibility and second primary cancers Research Strategies and recommendations
    Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2006
    Co-Authors: Lois B Travis, James M. Allan, Charles S Rabkin, Linda Morris Brown, Blanche P Alter, Christine B Ambrosone, Colin B Begg, Neil E Caporaso, Stephen J Chanock, Angela Demichele
    Abstract:

    KEYWORDS - CLASSIFICATION: adverse effects;Antineoplastic Agents;biomarkers of individual susceptibility: validation;Biotechnology;cancer epidemiology;chemically induced;Carcinogens;Case-Control Studies;Clinical Trials;Cohort Studies;Congresses;drug therapy;epidemiology;etiology;genetics;Genetic Predisposition to Disease;Humans;methods;mortality;Medical Informatics;Multicenter Studies;Neoplasms;Neoplasms,Radiation-Induced;Neoplasms,Second Primary;radiotherapy;Radiotherapy;Registries;Research;statistics & numerical data;Specimen Handling;Survivors;Syndrome;United States.

  • cancer survivorship genetic susceptibility and second primary cancers Research Strategies and recommendations
    Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2006
    Co-Authors: Lois B Travis, James M. Allan, Charles S Rabkin, Linda Morris Brown, Blanche P Alter, Christine B Ambrosone, Colin B Begg, Neil E Caporaso, Stephen J Chanock, Angela Demichele
    Abstract:

    Cancer survivors constitute 3.5% of the United States population, but second primary malignancies among this high-risk group now account for 16% of all cancer incidence. Although few data currently exist regarding the molecular mechanisms for second primary cancers and other late outcomes after cancer treatment, the careful measurement and documentation of potentially carcinogenic treatments (chemotherapy and radiotherapy) provide a unique platform for in vivo Research on gene-environment interactions in human carcinogenesis. We review Research priorities identified during a National Cancer Institute (NCI)-sponsored workshop entitled "Cancer Survivorship--Genetic Susceptibility and Second Primary Cancers." These priorities include 1) development of a national Research infrastructure for studies of cancer survivorship; 2) creation of a coordinated system for biospecimen collection; 3) development of new technology, bioinformatics, and biomarkers; 4) design of new epidemiologic methods; and 5) development of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Many of the infrastructure resources and design Strategies that would facilitate Research in this area also provide a foundation for the study of other important nonneoplastic late effects of treatment and psychosocial concerns among cancer survivors. These Research areas warrant high priority to promote NCI's goal of eliminating pain and suffering related to cancer.

Michael Rutter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • measured gene environment interactions in psychopathology concepts Research Strategies and implications for Research intervention and public understanding of genetics
    Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2006
    Co-Authors: Terrie E Moffitt, Avshalom Caspi, Michael Rutter
    Abstract:

    There is much curiosity about interactions between genes and environmental risk factors for psychopathology, but this interest is accompanied by uncertainty. This article aims to address this uncertainty. First, we explain what is and is not meant by gene-environment interaction. Second, we discuss reasons why such interactions were thought to be rare in psychopathology, and argue instead that they ought to be common. Third, we summarize emerging evidence about gene-environment interactions in mental disorders. Fourth, we argue that Research on gene-environment interactions should be hypothesis driven, and we put forward Strategies to guide future studies. Fifth, we describe potential benefits of studying measured gene-environment interactions for basic neuroscience, gene hunting, intervention, and public understanding of genetics. We suggest that information about nurture might be harnessed to make new discoveries about the nature of psychopathology.

  • using sex differences in psychopathology to study causal mechanisms unifying issues and Research Strategies
    Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2003
    Co-Authors: Michael Rutter, Avshalom Caspi, Terrie E Moffitt
    Abstract:

    Background: Although there is an extensive literature, both speculative and empirical, on postulated differences between males and females in their rates of particular types of disorder, very little is known about the mechanisms that underlie these sex differences. The study of mechanisms is important because it may provide clues on aetiological processes. The review seeks to outline what is known, what are the methodological hazards that must be dealt with, and the Research Strategies that may be employed. Methods: We note the need for representative general samples, and for adequate measurement and significance testing if valid conclusions are to be drawn. We put forward three levels of causes that have to be considered: a genetically determined distal basic starting point; the varied consequences of being male or female; and the proximal risk or protective factors that are more directly implicated in the causal mechanisms that predispose to psychopathology. In delineating these, we argue that three key sets of evidential criteria have to be met: a) that the risk factors differ between males and females; b) that they provide for risk or protection within each sex; and c) that when introduced into a causal model, they eliminate or reduce the sex differences in the disorders being studied. Results: A male excess mainly applies to early onset disorders that involve some kind of neurodevelopmental impairment. A female excess mainly applies to adolescent-onset emotional disorders. No variables have yet met all the necessary criteria but some good leads are available. The possible Research Strategies that may be employed are reviewed. Conclusions: The systematic investigation of sex differences constitutes an invaluable tool for the study of the causal processes concerned with psychopathology.

  • psychosocial influences critiques findings and Research needs
    Development and Psychopathology, 2000
    Co-Authors: Michael Rutter
    Abstract:

    Nongenetic factors have a major influence on psychopathology. Knowledge on specific psychosocial risk and protective mechanisms is more limited because of inadequate attention to measurement issues, person effects on the environment, and the possibility of genetic mediation. Nevertheless, a range of Research Strategies may be used to provide rigorous tests of causal hypotheses; these have shown the importance of environmentally mediated risks. Challenges for the future include greater use of such Research Strategies, improved measures of psychosocial risks that can be applied to large samples, investigation of origins of risks, identification of causes of time trends in levels of psychopathology, delineation of psychosocial effects on lifetime liability, understanding of environmental effects on the organism, appreciation of processes involved in developmental programming, and understanding of individual differences in susceptibility.

  • comorbidity in child psychopathology concepts issues and Research Strategies
    Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1991
    Co-Authors: Chantal Caron, Michael Rutter
    Abstract:

    Abstract Epidemiological data show that the co-occurrence of two or more supposedly separate child (and adult) psychiatric conditions far exceeds that expected by chance (clinic data cannot be used for this determination). The importance of comorbidity is shown and it is noted that it is not dealt with optimally in either DSM-III-R or ICD-9. Artifacts in the detection of comorbidity are considered in terms of referral and screening/surveillance biases. Apparent comorbidity may also arise from various nosological considerations; these include the use of categories where dimensions might be more appropriate, overlapping diagnostic criteria, artificial subdivision of syndromes, one disorder representing an early manifestation of the other, and one disorder being part of the other. Possible explanations of true comorbidity are discussed with respect to shared and overlapping risk factors, the comorbid pattern constituting a distinct meaningful syndrome, and one disorder creating an increased risk for the other. Some possible means of investigating each of these possibilities are noted.

Matt Makowka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

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