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José M. Moreno - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Resprouting of the mediterranean type shrub erica australis with modified lignotuber carbohydrate content
Journal of Ecology, 2003Co-Authors: Alberto Cruz, Beatriz Pérez, José M. MorenoAbstract:Summary 1 The vigour of plant Resprouting after fire may be driven by the amount of stored non-structural carbohydrates (NC). However, the extent to which NC reserves limit this response in woody plants has not been established. 2 This study analyses the effects of modifying NC concentrations in the lignotuberous Mediterranean-type shrub Erica australis, on Resprouting after experimental burning. A factorial experiment with two treatments (shade and burn) was carried out, with three levels per treatment. Plants were shaded (exposure to 100%, 50% or 20% of incident radiation for 1 year), following which they were clipped (control, no fire), or clipped and burned at one of two levels of severity. After this, they were allowed to resprout and grow for 2 years. 3 Shading modified NC concentrations in the lignotuber, but not in the roots. Two years after burning, plants subjected to the greatest shading, which reduced their NC concentrations to 44% (sum of NC) or 19% (starch) of that of control plants, had suffered higher mortality after Resprouting, had a significantly lower number of resprouts, of shorter length, and had produced lower biomass per plant than less shaded or unshaded plants. However, plants subjected to intermediate shade, which suffered a reduction in NC concentrations to 70% of that of control plants, did not differ in Resprouting response from control plants. 4 Burning caused more direct mortality, and a severe reduction in both number or biomass of resprouts, than just clipping. There were no significant shade × burning interaction effects. 5 While reductions in NC may limit Resprouting, such limitation may only occur when NC is reduced to much lower concentrations than caused by commonly experienced conditions. The role of NC reserves in limiting Resprouting of lignotuberous, woody plants such as E. australis might therefore not be as important as is commonly assumed.
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plant stored reserves do not drive Resprouting of the lignotuberous shrub erica australis
New Phytologist, 2003Co-Authors: Alberto Cruz, Beatriz Pérez, José M. MorenoAbstract:Summary •Lignotuberous plants store carbohydrates and mineral nutrients within the lignotuber. Resprouting vigour may depend on stored reserves, as well as on the availability of soil mineral nutrients and water. •Here the role played by plant reserves and soil resources on the Resprouting response of Erica australis was analysed after clipping plants in 13 different stands, varying in soil resource availability and in plant reserves. •There were significant among-site differences for resprout biomass and maximum length, but not for resprout number, 1 yr after clipping. Plant reserves at the time of clipping were not significantly correlated with resprout number, length or biomass. However, Resprouting variables were significantly correlated with soil nitrogen or extractable cations, or plant water potentials. Resprout biomass and maximum length were negatively correlated with lignotuber size. •These findings indicate that the assumption that Resprouting vigor in lignotuberous plants is primarily dependent on the amount of reserves stored in the lignotuber must be revised, as well as the overall role of lignotubers in Resprouting.
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Resprouting in the Mediterranean-type shrub Erica australis afffected by soil resource availability
Journal of Vegetation Science, 2002Co-Authors: Alberto Cruz, Beatriz Pérez, José R. Quintana, José M. MorenoAbstract:Abstract Soil resource availability may affect plant regeneration by Resprouting in disturbed environments directly, by affecting plant growth rates, or indirectly by determining allocation to storage in the Resprouting organs. Allocation to storage may be higher in stressful, low resource-supply soils, but under such conditions plant growth rates may be lower. These factors could act in opposite directions leading to poorly known effects on Resprouting. This paper analyses the role played by soil resources in the production and growth of resprouts after removal of above-ground plant tissues in the Mediterranean shrub Erica australis. At 13 sites, differing in substrate, we cut the base of the stems of six plants of E. australis and allowed them to resprout and grow for two years. Soils were chemically analysed and plant water potential measured during the summer at all sites to characterize soil resource availability. We used stepwise regression analysis to determine the relationships between the resprou...
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Fire intensity and herbivory effects on postfire Resprouting of Adenostoma fasciculatum in southern California chaparral.
Oecologia, 1991Co-Authors: José M. Moreno, Walter C. OechelAbstract:Resprouting is the main regeneration mechanism after fire in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. Herbivores play an important role in controlling postfire seedling establishment, but their influence on regeneration by Resprouting is less well known. To study the effects of fire intensity on Resprouting of Adenostoma fasciculatum in southern California chaparral, and its interaction with herbivory, we conducted an experimental burn at three levels of fire intensity. We found that increasing fire intensity increased plant mortality, reduced the number of resprouts per plant, and delayed the time of Resprouting. Herbivory increased with fire intensity, and was related to the time of Resprouting. Plants Resprouting later in the season and out of synchrony with the main flush were attacked more readily by herbivores. Post-Resprouting mortality also increased with fire intensity and was significantly associated with herbivory in the higher fire intensity plots. Fire intensity effects on chaparral regeneration by Resprouting may be farreaching through effects on the population structure, resprout production, and growth of Adenostoma fasciculatum.
Eszter Ruprecht - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Resprouting of woody species encroaching temperate european grasslands after cutting and burning
Applied Vegetation Science, 2017Co-Authors: Mathias Michielsen, Laszlo Szemak, Annamaria Fenesi, Ivan Nijs, Eszter RuprechtAbstract:Questions Are there interspecific differences in the Resprouting after cutting and burning among woody species encroaching temperate grasslands? Are alien woody species more successful than natives in their Resprouting after the two treatments proposed to control shrub encroachment? Is Resprouting influenced by age of the individuals? Does Resprouting differ between cutting and burning? Location Temperate grasslands encroached by shrubs, Transylvania, Romania. Methods We investigated the Resprouting after cutting or burning of four shrub species (Cornus sanguinea, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa and Rosa canina) encroaching grasslands in field sites three years following treatments. We compared the Resprouting ability of shrubs between species and treatments and analyzed the relationship between the number of resprouts and stump diameter, as a proxy for age. In a common garden experiment on one-year-old individuals we compared Resprouting after cutting and burning between three native (C. sanguinea, C. monogyna and P. spinosa) and three alien woody species (Ailanthus altissima, Elaeagnus angustifolia and Hippophae rhamnoides) during one growing season. Results C. monogyna produced the largest number of resprouts in the field study, and H. rhamnoides in the experimental study. Overall, Resprouting ability of alien woody species did not differ from that of the natives. In the field study, we found an increasing number of resprouts with increasing stump diameter, and the rate of increase in the number of resprouts was greatest in C. monogyna. We detected no difference in the Resprouting of woody species between cutting and burning treatments either in the field or in the experimental study. Conclusions Our study suggests that the success of encroachment control in grasslands does not depend on treatment type, but on the woody species composition and age of individuals. Grasslands encroached by C. monogyna or H. rhamnoides will be more labour-intensive to restore and maintain free of shrubs. Restoration measures should be implemented in the early stage of shrub encroachment since younger shrubs have a lower Resprouting ability. Burning and cutting may be equally effective in controlling shrub encroachment, but treatments should be more intensive than in the current study in order to damage the Resprouting buds and arrest Resprouting. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Mathias Michielsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Resprouting of woody species encroaching temperate european grasslands after cutting and burning
Applied Vegetation Science, 2017Co-Authors: Mathias Michielsen, Laszlo Szemak, Annamaria Fenesi, Ivan Nijs, Eszter RuprechtAbstract:Questions Are there interspecific differences in the Resprouting after cutting and burning among woody species encroaching temperate grasslands? Are alien woody species more successful than natives in their Resprouting after the two treatments proposed to control shrub encroachment? Is Resprouting influenced by age of the individuals? Does Resprouting differ between cutting and burning? Location Temperate grasslands encroached by shrubs, Transylvania, Romania. Methods We investigated the Resprouting after cutting or burning of four shrub species (Cornus sanguinea, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa and Rosa canina) encroaching grasslands in field sites three years following treatments. We compared the Resprouting ability of shrubs between species and treatments and analyzed the relationship between the number of resprouts and stump diameter, as a proxy for age. In a common garden experiment on one-year-old individuals we compared Resprouting after cutting and burning between three native (C. sanguinea, C. monogyna and P. spinosa) and three alien woody species (Ailanthus altissima, Elaeagnus angustifolia and Hippophae rhamnoides) during one growing season. Results C. monogyna produced the largest number of resprouts in the field study, and H. rhamnoides in the experimental study. Overall, Resprouting ability of alien woody species did not differ from that of the natives. In the field study, we found an increasing number of resprouts with increasing stump diameter, and the rate of increase in the number of resprouts was greatest in C. monogyna. We detected no difference in the Resprouting of woody species between cutting and burning treatments either in the field or in the experimental study. Conclusions Our study suggests that the success of encroachment control in grasslands does not depend on treatment type, but on the woody species composition and age of individuals. Grasslands encroached by C. monogyna or H. rhamnoides will be more labour-intensive to restore and maintain free of shrubs. Restoration measures should be implemented in the early stage of shrub encroachment since younger shrubs have a lower Resprouting ability. Burning and cutting may be equally effective in controlling shrub encroachment, but treatments should be more intensive than in the current study in order to damage the Resprouting buds and arrest Resprouting. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Alberto Cruz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Resprouting of the mediterranean type shrub erica australis with modified lignotuber carbohydrate content
Journal of Ecology, 2003Co-Authors: Alberto Cruz, Beatriz Pérez, José M. MorenoAbstract:Summary 1 The vigour of plant Resprouting after fire may be driven by the amount of stored non-structural carbohydrates (NC). However, the extent to which NC reserves limit this response in woody plants has not been established. 2 This study analyses the effects of modifying NC concentrations in the lignotuberous Mediterranean-type shrub Erica australis, on Resprouting after experimental burning. A factorial experiment with two treatments (shade and burn) was carried out, with three levels per treatment. Plants were shaded (exposure to 100%, 50% or 20% of incident radiation for 1 year), following which they were clipped (control, no fire), or clipped and burned at one of two levels of severity. After this, they were allowed to resprout and grow for 2 years. 3 Shading modified NC concentrations in the lignotuber, but not in the roots. Two years after burning, plants subjected to the greatest shading, which reduced their NC concentrations to 44% (sum of NC) or 19% (starch) of that of control plants, had suffered higher mortality after Resprouting, had a significantly lower number of resprouts, of shorter length, and had produced lower biomass per plant than less shaded or unshaded plants. However, plants subjected to intermediate shade, which suffered a reduction in NC concentrations to 70% of that of control plants, did not differ in Resprouting response from control plants. 4 Burning caused more direct mortality, and a severe reduction in both number or biomass of resprouts, than just clipping. There were no significant shade × burning interaction effects. 5 While reductions in NC may limit Resprouting, such limitation may only occur when NC is reduced to much lower concentrations than caused by commonly experienced conditions. The role of NC reserves in limiting Resprouting of lignotuberous, woody plants such as E. australis might therefore not be as important as is commonly assumed.
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plant stored reserves do not drive Resprouting of the lignotuberous shrub erica australis
New Phytologist, 2003Co-Authors: Alberto Cruz, Beatriz Pérez, José M. MorenoAbstract:Summary •Lignotuberous plants store carbohydrates and mineral nutrients within the lignotuber. Resprouting vigour may depend on stored reserves, as well as on the availability of soil mineral nutrients and water. •Here the role played by plant reserves and soil resources on the Resprouting response of Erica australis was analysed after clipping plants in 13 different stands, varying in soil resource availability and in plant reserves. •There were significant among-site differences for resprout biomass and maximum length, but not for resprout number, 1 yr after clipping. Plant reserves at the time of clipping were not significantly correlated with resprout number, length or biomass. However, Resprouting variables were significantly correlated with soil nitrogen or extractable cations, or plant water potentials. Resprout biomass and maximum length were negatively correlated with lignotuber size. •These findings indicate that the assumption that Resprouting vigor in lignotuberous plants is primarily dependent on the amount of reserves stored in the lignotuber must be revised, as well as the overall role of lignotubers in Resprouting.
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Resprouting in the Mediterranean-type shrub Erica australis afffected by soil resource availability
Journal of Vegetation Science, 2002Co-Authors: Alberto Cruz, Beatriz Pérez, José R. Quintana, José M. MorenoAbstract:Abstract Soil resource availability may affect plant regeneration by Resprouting in disturbed environments directly, by affecting plant growth rates, or indirectly by determining allocation to storage in the Resprouting organs. Allocation to storage may be higher in stressful, low resource-supply soils, but under such conditions plant growth rates may be lower. These factors could act in opposite directions leading to poorly known effects on Resprouting. This paper analyses the role played by soil resources in the production and growth of resprouts after removal of above-ground plant tissues in the Mediterranean shrub Erica australis. At 13 sites, differing in substrate, we cut the base of the stems of six plants of E. australis and allowed them to resprout and grow for two years. Soils were chemically analysed and plant water potential measured during the summer at all sites to characterize soil resource availability. We used stepwise regression analysis to determine the relationships between the resprou...
Michael J Lawes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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testing the shifting persistence niche concept plant Resprouting along gradients of disturbance
The American Naturalist, 2015Co-Authors: Peter J. Clarke, Dorothy M Bell, Michael J LawesAbstract:Plant Resprouting after disturbance confers community resilience because individuals persist through trade-offs in resources for buds versus those required to produce seeds. However, repeated disturbance may deplete bud banks, and population persistence may become increasingly reliant on regeneration from seed. Theory predicts a shift in community assemblage from species with a strategy of persistence by Resprouting (persistence niche) to one of regeneration from seed (regeneration niche) as the disturbance frequency increases. We tested, for the first time, the shifting persistence niche concept in a model system at local and regional community scales using a phylogenetically diverse floristic assemblage. Persistence traits of vascular plants were modeled as a function of dry-down frequency in wetlands. Resprouting species occupying the persistence niche were more common in stable wetlands than in those more frequently disturbed by dry downs. The patterns of Resprouting species in standing vegetation and in seed banks provide strong support for the shifting persistence niche model involving trade-offs between Resprouting (clonality) and sexual reproduction.
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resource allocation and storage relative to Resprouting ability in wind disturbed coastal forest trees
Evolutionary Ecology, 2014Co-Authors: Michael J Lawes, Emmanuel F Nzunda, Megan E GriffithsAbstract:Many plants persist by Resprouting after disturbance. However, the benefits of Resprouting (survival) may be traded off against height growth and reproduction. Resources (total non-structural carbohydrates—TNC) that could be allocated to growth or reproduction are stored or mobilised to support Resprouting. TNC may either be stored by accumulation where availability exceeds the requirements for growth, or by reserve formation when storage is at the expense of growth. Thus, the mechanism of storage and resource allocation may differ between good (R+) and poor (R−) resprouters in response to nutrient availability and disturbance regime. R+ species typically reserve resources to ensure a rapid Resprouting response to disturbance. We test whether R+ and R− species in coastal forest, under chronic wind disturbance, differ in growth rates, biomass allocation, leaf traits, water relations and storage of TNC. Seedlings from three confamilial pairs of R+ and R− tree species were subjected to nitrogen addition, water stress and clipping (simulating herbivory) treatments under greenhouse conditions. R− species had greater height growth rates, larger specific leaf area, lower root mass ratio and lower root TNC than R+ species. These differences between R+ and R− species were maintained irrespective of the levels of nitrogen, water and clipping treatments. R+ species did not increase their TNC concentration under nutrient and water stress, indicating that TNC is stored by reserve formation. R+ species appeared to trade-off growth against storage, while R− species did not. In R+ species, reserve formation is likely a bet-hedging strategy against occasional strong selection events in addition to chronic wind stress. By trading off height growth for better Resprouting ability, good resprouters may be able to persist at more frequently disturbed sites (e.g., dune crests and windward slopes), while poor resprouters that have faster height growth can dominate less disturbed sites.
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Resprouting as a key functional trait how buds protection and resources drive persistence after fire
New Phytologist, 2013Co-Authors: P Clarke, N. J. Enright, Michael J Lawes, J J Midgley, Byron B Lamont, Fernando Ojeda, Geoffrey E Burrows, Kirsten J E KnoxAbstract:Resprouting as a response to disturbance is now widely recognized as a key functional trait among woody plants and as the basis for the persistence niche. However, the underlying mechanisms that define Resprouting responses to disturbance are poorly conceptualized. Resprouting ability is constrained by the interaction of the disturbance regime that depletes the buds and resources needed to fund Resprouting, and the environment that drives growth and resource allocation. We develop a buds-protection-resources (BPR) framework for understanding Resprouting in fire-prone ecosystems, based on bud bank location, bud protection, and how buds are resourced. Using this framework we go beyond earlier emphases on basal Resprouting and highlight the importance of apical, epicormic and below-ground Resprouting to the persistence niche. The BPR framework provides insights into: Resprouting typologies that include both fire resisters (i.e. survive fire but do not resprout) and fire resprouters; the methods by which buds escape fire effects, such as thick bark; and the predictability of community assembly of Resprouting types in relation to site productivity, disturbance regime and competition. Furthermore, predicting the consequences of global change is enhanced by the BPR framework because it potentially forecasts the retention or loss of above-ground biomass.
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Ecology of plant Resprouting: populations to community responses in fire-prone ecosystems
Plant Ecology, 2011Co-Authors: Michael J Lawes, Peter J. ClarkeAbstract:Resprouting has emerged as a key functional trait in plant ecology over the past decade with more than 400 papers published since 2000 (Web of Science). This special issue of Plant Ecology brings together a set of papers that advance our understanding of this functional trait, in the quest for developing a better conceptual framework for predicting community response to disturbance. This special issue highlights current research on all aspects of the effects of fire and other disturbances on plant Resprouting behaviour and the importance of the persistence niche in structuring plant communities.
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Resprouting responses of trees in a fire prone tropical savanna following severe tornado damage
Austral Ecology, 2010Co-Authors: Donald C Franklin, Richard M Gunton, Jon Schatz, Michael J LawesAbstract:Fire and windstorms can cause severe disturbance, but their consequences for trees may differ. Resprouting enables persistence through frequent and severe disturbance. To explore responses to an abnormal disturbance and evolutionary hypotheses about Resprouting as an adaptation, we analysed patterns of Resprouting in four taxa following a tornado in a tropical savanna (Kakadu National Park, northern Australia) that is frequently burnt but is rarely subject to severe windthrow. Resprouting (i.e. survival) rates varied markedly among taxa and damage types, from 35% in uprooted Acacia spp. (Mimosaceae) to over 90% in eucalypts (Myrtaceae) and Erythrophleum chlorostachys (Caesalpiniaceae) with persistent tertiary branches. Most Resprouting was from the epicormic strand-bank on the stem or branches. Across all taxa, greater architectural damage reduced Resprouting rates. Damage was magnified by proximity to the centre of the tornado path, suggesting an additional effect of internal damage. Smaller trees, trees whose trunks were snapped below 2 m, and those closer to the tornado path were more likely to resprout basally or from the roots rather than epicormically, although in Acacia spp. these Resprouting modes were positively correlated. We hypothesize that trees of fire-prone savannas have evolved to grow rapidly out of the flame zone; this was supported by more detailed analyses of Eucalyptus tetrodonta suggesting that resprouts emerging nearer the ground grow faster. Resprouting at ground level may be a bet-hedging strategy to spread the risk of mortality among multiple stems when elevated sprouting was not possible. We conclude that the adaptation of eucalypts to frequent fire does not jeopardize their survival (by comparison with the more generalist Acacia spp.) following severe windthrow, providing an example of ‘exaptation’ rather than trade-off in fitness under contrasting stressors.
