The Experts below are selected from a list of 2148 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Yingyong Zhao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rhubarb protect against tubulointerstitial fibrosis by inhibiting tgf β smad pathway and improving abnormal metabolome in chronic kidney disease
Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2018Co-Authors: Zhihao Zhang, Dan Liu, Hua Chen, Danqian Chen, Ninghua Tan, Yingyong ZhaoAbstract:Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is the final common pathway for all kidney diseases leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway plays a key role in renal fibrosis. Previous studies have revealed that Rhubarb extracts attenuated the increase of transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β1) in CKD rats. To gain an in-depth insight into the mechanism of the anti-fibrotic activities of the Rhubarb extracts, we investigated the influence of Rhubarb extracts on TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and the influence on metabolome in a rat model of CKD with adenine-induced chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups, including control, CKD, CKD + petroleum ether extract, CKD + ethyl acetate extract, and CKD + n-butanol extract groups. Kidneys harvested on the week three were evaluated for renal fibrosis, the expression of proteins in TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and metabolomic study. We found Rhubarb extracts suppressed TGF-β/Smad3-mediated renal fibrosis by reducing the TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β receptor I (TGF-β RI), transforming growth factor-β receptor II (TGF-β RII), Smad2, p-Smad2, Smad3, p-Smad3, and Smad4, meanwhile increased Smad7. In addition, Rhubarb extracts mitigated renal injury and dysfunction, and either fully or partially reversed the abnormalities of tissue metabolites. Thus, rebalancing the disorder of TGF-β/Smad signaling and metabolic dysfunction by treatment with Rhubarb extracts may represent as an effective therapy for CKD associated with fibrosis.
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Table_1_Rhubarb Protect Against Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis by Inhibiting TGF-β/Smad Pathway and Improving Abnormal Metabolome in Chronic Kidney Disease.DOC
2018Co-Authors: Zhihao Zhang, Dan Liu, Hua Chen, Danqian Chen, Ninghua Tan, Yingyong ZhaoAbstract:Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is the final common pathway for all kidney diseases leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway plays a key role in renal fibrosis. Previous studies have revealed that Rhubarb extracts attenuated the increase of transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β1) in CKD rats. To gain an in-depth insight into the mechanism of the anti-fibrotic activities of the Rhubarb extracts, we investigated the influence of Rhubarb extracts on TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and the influence on metabolome in a rat model of CKD with adenine-induced chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups, including control, CKD, CKD + petroleum ether extract, CKD + ethyl acetate extract, and CKD + n-butanol extract groups. Kidneys harvested on the week three were evaluated for renal fibrosis, the expression of proteins in TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and metabolomic study. We found Rhubarb extracts suppressed TGF-β/Smad3-mediated renal fibrosis by reducing the TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β receptor I (TGF-β RI), transforming growth factor-β receptor II (TGF-β RII), Smad2, p-Smad2, Smad3, p-Smad3, and Smad4, meanwhile increased Smad7. In addition, Rhubarb extracts mitigated renal injury and dysfunction, and either fully or partially reversed the abnormalities of tissue metabolites. Thus, rebalancing the disorder of TGF-β/Smad signaling and metabolic dysfunction by treatment with Rhubarb extracts may represent as an effective therapy for CKD associated with fibrosis.
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Rhubarb Protect Against Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis by Inhibiting TGF-β/Smad Pathway and Improving Abnormal Metabolome in Chronic Kidney Disease
Frontiers Media S.A., 2018Co-Authors: Zhihao Zhang, Dan Liu, Hua Chen, Danqian Chen, Ninghua Tan, Yingyong ZhaoAbstract:Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is the final common pathway for all kidney diseases leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway plays a key role in renal fibrosis. Previous studies have revealed that Rhubarb extracts attenuated the increase of transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β1) in CKD rats. To gain an in-depth insight into the mechanism of the anti-fibrotic activities of the Rhubarb extracts, we investigated the influence of Rhubarb extracts on TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and the influence on metabolome in a rat model of CKD with adenine-induced chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups, including control, CKD, CKD + petroleum ether extract, CKD + ethyl acetate extract, and CKD + n-butanol extract groups. Kidneys harvested on the week three were evaluated for renal fibrosis, the expression of proteins in TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and metabolomic study. We found Rhubarb extracts suppressed TGF-β/Smad3-mediated renal fibrosis by reducing the TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β receptor I (TGF-β RI), transforming growth factor-β receptor II (TGF-β RII), Smad2, p-Smad2, Smad3, p-Smad3, and Smad4, meanwhile increased Smad7. In addition, Rhubarb extracts mitigated renal injury and dysfunction, and either fully or partially reversed the abnormalities of tissue metabolites. Thus, rebalancing the disorder of TGF-β/Smad signaling and metabolic dysfunction by treatment with Rhubarb extracts may represent as an effective therapy for CKD associated with fibrosis
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an integrated lipidomics and metabolomics reveal nephroprotective effect and biochemical mechanism of rheum officinale in chronic renal failure
Scientific Reports, 2016Co-Authors: Zhihao Zhang, Yingyong Zhao, Feng Wei, Nosratola D Vaziri, Xianlong Cheng, Xu BaiAbstract:Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a major public health problem worldwide. Earlier studies have revealed salutary effects of Rhubarb extracts in CRF. In this study, we employed lipidomic and metabolomic approaches to identify the plasma biomarkers and to determine the effect of treatment with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts of Rhubarb in a rat model of CRF with adenine-induced chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy. In addition, clinical biochemistry, histological evaluation and pro-fibrotic protein expression were analyzed. Significant changes were found between the CRF and control groups representing characteristic phenotypes of rats with CRF. Treatment with the three Rhubarb extracts improved renal injury and dysfunction, either fully or partially reversed the plasma metabolites abnormalities and attenuated upregulation of pro-fibrotic proteins including TGF-β1, α-SMA, PAI-1, CTGF, FN and collagen-1. The nephroprotective effect of ethyl acetate extract was better than other extracts. The differential metabolites were closely associated with glycerophospholipid, fatty acid and amino acid metabolisms. The results revealed a strong link between renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and glycerophospholipid metabolism and L-carnitine metabolism in the development of CRF. Amelioration of CRF with the three Rhubarb extracts was associated with the delayed development and/or reversal the disorders in key metabolites associated with adenine-induced CRF.
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metabolomics insights into chronic kidney disease and modulatory effect of Rhubarb against tubulointerstitial fibrosis
Scientific Reports, 2015Co-Authors: Zhihao Zhang, Feng Wei, Nosratola D Vaziri, Xianlong Cheng, Xu Bai, Ruichao Lin, Yingyong ZhaoAbstract:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide. Rhubarb has been shown to have nephroprotective and anti-fibrotic activities in patients with CKD. However, bioactive fractions and biochemical mechanism of anti-fibrotic properties of Rhubarb remain unclear. Here we applied ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry together with univariate and multivariate statistical analyses to investigate the urinary metabolite profile in rats with adenine-induced CKD treated with the petroleum ether (PE)-, ethyl acetate (EA)- and n-butanol (BU)- extracts of Rhubarb. Significant differences in renal function, kidney histopathology as well as metabolic profiles were observed between CKD and control rats. Changes in these parameters reflected characteristic phenotypes of CKD rats. We further identified a series of differential urinary metabolites for CKD rats, suggesting metabolic dysfunction in pathway of amino acid, purine, taurine, and choline metabolisms. Treatment with EA, BU and PE extracts of Rhubarb improved renal function and histopathological abnormalities including interstitial fibrosis and inflammation, and either fully or partially reversed the abnormalities of the urinary metabolites. Among them, the nephroprotective effect of EA extract was stronger than BU and PE extracts. This work provides important mechanistic insights into the CKD and nephroprotective effects of different Rhubarb extract against tubulo-interstitial fibrosis.
Secundino Lopez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of Rhubarb rheum spp and frangula frangula alnus on intake digestibility and ruminal fermentation of different diets and feedstuffs by sheep
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2012Co-Authors: R Garciagonzalez, Jesus Salvador Gonzalez, Ángel R. Mantecón, Francisco Javier Giráldez, Secundino LopezAbstract:Abstract Previous in vitro work suggests that Rhubarb ( Rheum spp.) and frangula ( Frangula alnus ) potentially modify rumen fermentation, but no in vivo research has confirmed these findings or examined the suitability of these plants in the diet of ruminants. Our objective was to examine effects of these plants on feed intake, digestibility and ruminal fermentation in vivo . Effects on intake were determined in 20 sheep individually housed and fed a TMR ad libitum . Sheep were distributed into 4 experimental groups, which were supplemented with Rhubarb (30 g/d), frangula (30 g/d), monensin (30 mg/kg DM) or nothing (control), respectively. The digestibility of the TMR was determined by placing 4 of the sheep of each group into metabolic cages. The impact of these plants on ruminal fermentation was also examined using rumen cannulated grazing sheep. Fifteen sheep were distributed into 3 groups: control, Rhubarb (30 g/d) and frangula (30 g/d); plant material was supplied daily directly into the rumen, and measurements started after 3 wks of supplementation., which consisted in rumen fluid analyses and in vitro and in situ incubations (12 and 24 h) of several feedstuffs. In the intake experiment, both Rhubarb and frangula groups had an intake comparable to control, while the monensin group had a lower (P in vitro , the cultures yielded less gas and CH 4 , and the gas production curves revealed an overall lower production, but fractional rates similar to control sheep. In situ degradability of several feedstuffs was similar in Rhubarb and control sheep. In frangula supplemented sheep there were small effects on some of the parameters described above for the in vitro incubations. Rhubarb changed the fermentation in the rumen of sheep without affecting intake or digestibility of the diet, suggesting a promising role of Rhubarb, or its metabolites, as rumen modifiers for ruminants, and suggest more research to elucidate their impacts on productive performance.
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decrease of ruminal methane production in rusitec fermenters through the addition of plant material from Rhubarb rheum spp and alder buckthorn frangula alnus
Journal of Dairy Science, 2010Co-Authors: R Garciagonzalez, Jesus Salvador Gonzalez, Secundino LopezAbstract:Roots of Rhubarb (Rheum spp.) and bark of alder buckthorn (Frangula alnus) were tested as feed additives for decreasing ruminal methane production released from anaerobic fermentation of a forage-based diet in a rumen-simulating fermenter (Rusitec). Sixteen fermentation units (vessels) were set up for the experiment lasting 19 d. Treated vessels were supplied with 1 g/d of Rhubarb or alder buckthorn (4 vessels per plant species); another 4 vessels received 12 μM sodium monensin (positive control), and the remaining 4 vessels were controls (no additive). Upon termination of the experimental period, batch cultures were inoculated with the liquid contents of the vessels for examining in vitro fermentation kinetics of cellulose, starch, barley straw, and the same substrate used in the Rusitec cultures. Monensin induced changes in fermentation in agreement with those reported in the literature, and inocula from those cultures decreased the fermentation rate and total gas produced in the gas kinetics study. Rhubarb decreased methane production, associated with limited changes in the profile of volatile fatty acids throughout the duration of the study, whereas digestibility and total volatile fatty acids production were not affected. Rhubarb inocula did not affect gas production kinetics except for cellulose. Alder buckthorn decreased only methane concentration in fermentation gas, and this effect was not always significant. The use of Rhubarb (milled rhizomes of Rheum spp.) in the diets of ruminants may effectively modulate ruminal fermentation by abating methane production, thus potentially involving productive and environmental benefits.
Xiao-he Xiao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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exploration in the mechanism of Rhubarb for the treatment of hyperviscosity syndrome based on network pharmacology
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2020Co-Authors: Dan Gao, Jia-bo Wang, Xiao-he Xiao, Congen Zhang, Zhenjie Liu, Lan Zhang, Ming NiuAbstract:Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Hyperviscosity syndrome (HVS) is a major risk factor for thrombotic diseases. Rhubarb, well-known as a traditional Chinese medicine, exhibits multiple pharmacological activities, especially for promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis (PBRB), which has been become a functional health food for decreasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, due to the complexity of Rhubarb components, it is still difficult to clarify the specific targets of effective substances in PBRB, and the pharmacodynamic mechanism needs to be further probed. Materials and methods The “compound-target-cell-disease” network analysis was initially used to predict potential targets and bioactive compounds. The effect of Rhubarb for the treatment of HVS was examined by histopathology and biochemical assays based on the HVS rat model. Results Through the “compound-target-cell-disease” network analysis, eight potential therapeutic targets were eventually screened out, and platelets were predicted as the main effector cells of Rhubarb in PBRB. Among targets coagulation factor II (prothrombin, F2) and fibrinogen gamma chain (FGG) were closely related to platelets, and five compounds associated with F2 and FGG were predicted including emodin-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (Emo), physcion-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (Phy), procyanidin B-5,3′-O-gallate, torachrysone-8-O-beta-D-(6′-oxayl)-glucoside and epicatechin. Furthermore, thoracic aorta histopathology and biochemical examinations showed middle dose of Rhubarb (0.42 g/kg/day) significantly ameliorated pathological changes, hemorheology parameters, as well as levels of representative biomarkers such as plasma P-selectin (P-sel) and thromboxane (TXB2) in platelet activation compared to HVS rat model, whose effects were comparable to the positive drug aspirin or even better. Finally, it was further validated F2 and FGG as the major effective targets of Rhubarb as well as its two active ingredients Emo and Phy in PBRB. Conclusions This study may provide an innovative way and scientific information to further understand the main effective components of Rhubarb and its mechanisms about targets of F2 and FGG in PBRB, especially the new therapeutic target FGG, which also provide a basis for establishing a quality control for Rhubarb by bioassays that could correlate the clinical efficacy and its mechanism.
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Colorimetric Grading Scale Can Promote the Standardization of Experiential and Sensory Evaluation in Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicines
2016Co-Authors: Hui Chu, Yan-ling Zhao, Ping Zhang, Xiao-he XiaoAbstract:Experiential and sensory evaluation is an ancient method that remains important in the current quality control system of Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs). The process is rapid and convenient when evaluating the quality of crude materials in TCM markets. However, sensory evaluation has been met with skepticism because it is mainly based on experience and lacks a scientific basis. In this study, Rhubarb was selected to demonstrate how color-based sensory evaluation could differentiate the quality of herbal medicines objectively. The colors of the Rhubarb samples, expressed as RGB values, were obtained from different parts and forms of the plant, including the plant’s surface, fracture surface color, and a powdered form with or without treatment with a color-developing reagent. We first divided the Rhubarb samples into three grades based on the total content of five hydroxyanthraquinone derivatives, the major pharmacological components in Rhubarb. Then, a three-layer back-propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN), calibrated with selected training samples, was used to correlate the quality of the Rhubarb with its color. The color of the Rhubarb powder after coloration attained the highest accuracy (92.3%) in predicting the quality grade of the test samples with the established artificial neural networks. Finally, a standardized colorimetric grading scale was created based on the spatial distribution of the Rhubarb samples in a two-dimensional chromaticity diagram according to the colors of the powdered Rhubarb after color enhancement. By comparing the color between the scale and the tested samples, similar to performing a pH test with indicator paper, subjects withou
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Rhubarb anthraquinones protect rats against mercuric chloride hgcl2 induced acute renal failure
Molecules, 2016Co-Authors: Dan Gao, Yan-ling Zhao, Xiao-he Xiao, Ling-na Zeng, Ming Niu, Pin Zhang, Yaming Zhang, Yumin Guo, Zhaofang Bai, Weiwei GaoAbstract:Mercury (Hg) causes severe nephrotoxicity in subjects with excess exposure. This work attempted to identify whether a natural medicine--Rhubarb--has protective effects against mercuric chloride (HgCl₂)-induced acute renal failure (ARF), and which of its components contributed most to the treatment. Total Rhubarb extract (TR) were separated to the total anthraquinones (TA), the total tannins (TT) and remaining component extract (RC). Each extract was orally pre-administered to rats for five successive days followed by HgCl₂ injection to induce kidney injury. Subsequently, renal histopathology and biochemical examinations were performed in vitro to evaluate the protective effects. Pharmacological studies showed that TR and TA, but not TT or RC manifested significant protection activity against HgCl₂-induced ARF. There were also significant declines of serum creatine, urea nitrogen values and increases of total protein albumin levels in TR and TA treated groups compared to HgCl₂ alone (p < 0.05). At last, the major components in TA extract were further identified as anthraquinones by liquid chromatography coupled mass spectroscopy. This study thus provides observational evidences that Rhubarb could ameliorate HgCl₂-induced ARF and its anthraquinones in particular are the effective components responsible for this activity in Rhubarb extract.
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Development and validation of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of sennoside A and sennoside B in laxatives based on optimal chromatographic parameters
Analytical Methods, 2015Co-Authors: Yan-ling Zhao, Xiao-he Xiao, Jia-bo WangAbstract:Sennoside A and sennoside B are the major bioactive components in laxative herbs like Rhubarb, senna, etc. The previously reported techniques for the quantitative analysis of sennoside A and sennoside B have the disadvantages of defective peak purity and stability. This study investigates the influence of analytical parameters on the efficiency of separation of sennoside A and sennoside B in Rhubarb by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The chromatographic parameters of column temperature and flow rate have a non-linear relationship with the theoretical plate number and symmetry factor; the optimal column temperature was 30 °C and the optimal flow rate was 0.20 mL min−1. A new UHPLC analytical method was developed based on these optimal parameters. The chromatographic peak purity of sennoside A and sennoside B in Rhubarb was satisfactory. This UHPLC-based analytical method was successfully applied for the quantitative determination of sennoside A and sennoside B in two sources of Rhubarbs, Cassia angustifolia Vahl. and Paidu Yangyan capsule. There are remarkable content differences between sennoside A (more than 19 times) and sennoside B (more than 18 times) in the two species of Rhubarb tested. In order to make the analytical method widely applicable, the analytical parameters of UHPLC have been converted into those of HPLC. In conclusion, the devised technique is suitable for the quality control of laxative herbs and diet drugs containing sennoside A and sennoside B.
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identification of the antidiarrhoeal components in official Rhubarb using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Food Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Jia-bo Wang, Yan-ling Zhao, Yi Qin, Weijun Kong, Zhewei Wang, Ling-na Zeng, Fang Fang, Cheng Jin, Xiao-he XiaoAbstract:Abstract Though the purgative components in official Rhubarb are well documented as anthraquinone glycosides and sennosides, the antidiarrhoeal effect and its chemical basis have not been reported before. In this study, liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry was used to investigate the main chemicals in the antidiarrhoeal fraction previously isolated from Rheum palmatum L. In total 10 compounds were identified in the fraction as follows: gallic acid, galloyl glucose, di-O-galloyl-glucose, glucopyranosyl-galloyl-glucose, coumaroyl-O-galloyl-glucose, trimer of catechin, catechin gallate, catechin-glucopyranoside, carboxyl-chrysophanol-O-glucose and emodin-O-glucose. The predominant components identified in the fraction were Rhubarb tannins, except for two anthraquinone glycosides of low contents. The polyphenolic analysis also showed the occurrence of abundant tannins. So, the antidiarrhoeal basis of Rhubarb was primarily proposed as tannin-related compounds.
Jia-bo Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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exploration in the mechanism of Rhubarb for the treatment of hyperviscosity syndrome based on network pharmacology
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2020Co-Authors: Dan Gao, Jia-bo Wang, Xiao-he Xiao, Congen Zhang, Zhenjie Liu, Lan Zhang, Ming NiuAbstract:Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Hyperviscosity syndrome (HVS) is a major risk factor for thrombotic diseases. Rhubarb, well-known as a traditional Chinese medicine, exhibits multiple pharmacological activities, especially for promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis (PBRB), which has been become a functional health food for decreasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, due to the complexity of Rhubarb components, it is still difficult to clarify the specific targets of effective substances in PBRB, and the pharmacodynamic mechanism needs to be further probed. Materials and methods The “compound-target-cell-disease” network analysis was initially used to predict potential targets and bioactive compounds. The effect of Rhubarb for the treatment of HVS was examined by histopathology and biochemical assays based on the HVS rat model. Results Through the “compound-target-cell-disease” network analysis, eight potential therapeutic targets were eventually screened out, and platelets were predicted as the main effector cells of Rhubarb in PBRB. Among targets coagulation factor II (prothrombin, F2) and fibrinogen gamma chain (FGG) were closely related to platelets, and five compounds associated with F2 and FGG were predicted including emodin-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (Emo), physcion-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (Phy), procyanidin B-5,3′-O-gallate, torachrysone-8-O-beta-D-(6′-oxayl)-glucoside and epicatechin. Furthermore, thoracic aorta histopathology and biochemical examinations showed middle dose of Rhubarb (0.42 g/kg/day) significantly ameliorated pathological changes, hemorheology parameters, as well as levels of representative biomarkers such as plasma P-selectin (P-sel) and thromboxane (TXB2) in platelet activation compared to HVS rat model, whose effects were comparable to the positive drug aspirin or even better. Finally, it was further validated F2 and FGG as the major effective targets of Rhubarb as well as its two active ingredients Emo and Phy in PBRB. Conclusions This study may provide an innovative way and scientific information to further understand the main effective components of Rhubarb and its mechanisms about targets of F2 and FGG in PBRB, especially the new therapeutic target FGG, which also provide a basis for establishing a quality control for Rhubarb by bioassays that could correlate the clinical efficacy and its mechanism.
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Development and validation of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of sennoside A and sennoside B in laxatives based on optimal chromatographic parameters
Analytical Methods, 2015Co-Authors: Yan-ling Zhao, Xiao-he Xiao, Jia-bo WangAbstract:Sennoside A and sennoside B are the major bioactive components in laxative herbs like Rhubarb, senna, etc. The previously reported techniques for the quantitative analysis of sennoside A and sennoside B have the disadvantages of defective peak purity and stability. This study investigates the influence of analytical parameters on the efficiency of separation of sennoside A and sennoside B in Rhubarb by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The chromatographic parameters of column temperature and flow rate have a non-linear relationship with the theoretical plate number and symmetry factor; the optimal column temperature was 30 °C and the optimal flow rate was 0.20 mL min−1. A new UHPLC analytical method was developed based on these optimal parameters. The chromatographic peak purity of sennoside A and sennoside B in Rhubarb was satisfactory. This UHPLC-based analytical method was successfully applied for the quantitative determination of sennoside A and sennoside B in two sources of Rhubarbs, Cassia angustifolia Vahl. and Paidu Yangyan capsule. There are remarkable content differences between sennoside A (more than 19 times) and sennoside B (more than 18 times) in the two species of Rhubarb tested. In order to make the analytical method widely applicable, the analytical parameters of UHPLC have been converted into those of HPLC. In conclusion, the devised technique is suitable for the quality control of laxative herbs and diet drugs containing sennoside A and sennoside B.
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identification of the antidiarrhoeal components in official Rhubarb using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Food Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Jia-bo Wang, Yan-ling Zhao, Yi Qin, Weijun Kong, Zhewei Wang, Ling-na Zeng, Fang Fang, Cheng Jin, Xiao-he XiaoAbstract:Abstract Though the purgative components in official Rhubarb are well documented as anthraquinone glycosides and sennosides, the antidiarrhoeal effect and its chemical basis have not been reported before. In this study, liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry was used to investigate the main chemicals in the antidiarrhoeal fraction previously isolated from Rheum palmatum L. In total 10 compounds were identified in the fraction as follows: gallic acid, galloyl glucose, di-O-galloyl-glucose, glucopyranosyl-galloyl-glucose, coumaroyl-O-galloyl-glucose, trimer of catechin, catechin gallate, catechin-glucopyranoside, carboxyl-chrysophanol-O-glucose and emodin-O-glucose. The predominant components identified in the fraction were Rhubarb tannins, except for two anthraquinone glycosides of low contents. The polyphenolic analysis also showed the occurrence of abundant tannins. So, the antidiarrhoeal basis of Rhubarb was primarily proposed as tannin-related compounds.
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toxic effects caused by Rhubarb rheum palmatum l are reversed on immature and aged rats
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2011Co-Authors: Jia-bo Wang, Yan-ling Zhao, Xiao-he Xiao, Weijun Kong, Cheng Jin, Hongjuan Wang, Haiping Zhao, Heyin Xiao, Chunmei Dai, Lin ZhangAbstract:Abstract Aim of the study Rhubarb is generally used to people of broad age, but diverse responses of people at different age to Rhubarb have been little clarified. In this study, an attempt was made to access the safety of Rhubarb to both immature and aged rats to provide some references for its clinical usage. Materials and methods The total extract of Rhubarb was administered intragastricly to both immature and aged rats once a day and lasted for 5 weeks. Then histopathologic and biochemical examinations were performed. Results No death was observed in immature rat groups, while 23.3% (21/90) subjects in aged rat groups died and most of the death cases were observed in the high-dosage (40 g kg−1 of body weight per day od, counted on the quantity of crude material) group. The death rate between aged and immature rats was found of significantly statistical difference. Dosage-dependent histopathologic changes in kidney were observed in all the Rhubarb-treated rats, principally involving the proximal tubules. Kidney changes in aged rats were severer than those observed in immature ones. Hepatic cells necrosis was occasionally observed in the middle- and high-dosage aged rat groups and minimal biliary hyperplasia was found in all the Rhubarb-treated aged rats. Increased incidences of activated Kupffer cells and lymphocytic infiltration were found in all the Rhubarb-treated rats. And dosage-dependent increase of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and notable increase of IL-8 was found in aged rat groups. Conclusions The immature and aged rats showed reversed responses to the toxic potential of Rhubarb extract. Elderly subjects were susceptible to the toxicity of high-dosage Rhubarb, which drove rigorous consideration on rational use of Rhubarb to aged people.
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assessment of the renal protection and hepatotoxicity of Rhubarb extract in rats
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2009Co-Authors: Jia-bo Wang, Yan-ling Zhao, Xiao-he Xiao, Haiping Zhao, Ping Zhang, Cheng JinAbstract:Abstract Aim of the study Rhubarb is well used to treat chronic renal failure (CRF) in China and Japan, but recent studies reported that the anthraquinone derivatives contained in Rhubarb had nephrotoxicity. In this investigation an attempt was made to assess the value and toxic potential of Rhubarb to treat CRF. Materials and methods Histopathologic and biochemical tests combined with toxicokinetic analysis were performed to investigate the nephrotoxic potential and protective effect of Rhubarb extract. Results In normal rat groups, no death was observed and no renal lesion was found after repetitive administration of Rhubarb for 3 weeks. The survival rate, pathologic conditions and biochemical indexes of CRF rats treated with Rhubarb at two dosages were all improved and significant amelioration was found in the low dosage group compared to the untreated CRF group. Rhein was the mainly absorbable anthraquinone derivative into systemic circulation after oral administration and the area under curve of rhein in CRF groups was lower than that in normal groups at same dosage. Conclusions After 3 weeks of administration of Rhubarb extract, there was evidence of protective effect to CRF rats, while incidences of hepatotoxicity with minimal to mild hyaline droplets were also observed in normal rats.
R Garciagonzalez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of Rhubarb rheum spp and frangula frangula alnus on intake digestibility and ruminal fermentation of different diets and feedstuffs by sheep
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2012Co-Authors: R Garciagonzalez, Jesus Salvador Gonzalez, Ángel R. Mantecón, Francisco Javier Giráldez, Secundino LopezAbstract:Abstract Previous in vitro work suggests that Rhubarb ( Rheum spp.) and frangula ( Frangula alnus ) potentially modify rumen fermentation, but no in vivo research has confirmed these findings or examined the suitability of these plants in the diet of ruminants. Our objective was to examine effects of these plants on feed intake, digestibility and ruminal fermentation in vivo . Effects on intake were determined in 20 sheep individually housed and fed a TMR ad libitum . Sheep were distributed into 4 experimental groups, which were supplemented with Rhubarb (30 g/d), frangula (30 g/d), monensin (30 mg/kg DM) or nothing (control), respectively. The digestibility of the TMR was determined by placing 4 of the sheep of each group into metabolic cages. The impact of these plants on ruminal fermentation was also examined using rumen cannulated grazing sheep. Fifteen sheep were distributed into 3 groups: control, Rhubarb (30 g/d) and frangula (30 g/d); plant material was supplied daily directly into the rumen, and measurements started after 3 wks of supplementation., which consisted in rumen fluid analyses and in vitro and in situ incubations (12 and 24 h) of several feedstuffs. In the intake experiment, both Rhubarb and frangula groups had an intake comparable to control, while the monensin group had a lower (P in vitro , the cultures yielded less gas and CH 4 , and the gas production curves revealed an overall lower production, but fractional rates similar to control sheep. In situ degradability of several feedstuffs was similar in Rhubarb and control sheep. In frangula supplemented sheep there were small effects on some of the parameters described above for the in vitro incubations. Rhubarb changed the fermentation in the rumen of sheep without affecting intake or digestibility of the diet, suggesting a promising role of Rhubarb, or its metabolites, as rumen modifiers for ruminants, and suggest more research to elucidate their impacts on productive performance.
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decrease of ruminal methane production in rusitec fermenters through the addition of plant material from Rhubarb rheum spp and alder buckthorn frangula alnus
Journal of Dairy Science, 2010Co-Authors: R Garciagonzalez, Jesus Salvador Gonzalez, Secundino LopezAbstract:Roots of Rhubarb (Rheum spp.) and bark of alder buckthorn (Frangula alnus) were tested as feed additives for decreasing ruminal methane production released from anaerobic fermentation of a forage-based diet in a rumen-simulating fermenter (Rusitec). Sixteen fermentation units (vessels) were set up for the experiment lasting 19 d. Treated vessels were supplied with 1 g/d of Rhubarb or alder buckthorn (4 vessels per plant species); another 4 vessels received 12 μM sodium monensin (positive control), and the remaining 4 vessels were controls (no additive). Upon termination of the experimental period, batch cultures were inoculated with the liquid contents of the vessels for examining in vitro fermentation kinetics of cellulose, starch, barley straw, and the same substrate used in the Rusitec cultures. Monensin induced changes in fermentation in agreement with those reported in the literature, and inocula from those cultures decreased the fermentation rate and total gas produced in the gas kinetics study. Rhubarb decreased methane production, associated with limited changes in the profile of volatile fatty acids throughout the duration of the study, whereas digestibility and total volatile fatty acids production were not affected. Rhubarb inocula did not affect gas production kinetics except for cellulose. Alder buckthorn decreased only methane concentration in fermentation gas, and this effect was not always significant. The use of Rhubarb (milled rhizomes of Rheum spp.) in the diets of ruminants may effectively modulate ruminal fermentation by abating methane production, thus potentially involving productive and environmental benefits.
