The Experts below are selected from a list of 39 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Richard T Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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lessons from lymph flow guided vessel formation
Circulation Research, 2003Co-Authors: Richard T LeeAbstract:Lymphangiogenesis doesn’t get much attention compared with its better-known cousin, angiogenesis. Perhaps that’s because Lymphatic vessels don’t carry blood or platelets, and next to arteries or even veins, Lymphatics are flimsy weaklings that are barely able to withstand 20 mm Hg before bursting.1 Yet clinical disorders of the Lymphatic system occur commonly. Lymphedema, including the common postsurgical and postradiation forms and the rare inherited forms, has no successful therapy. Cancer metastasis occurs frequently by Lymphatics, and Lymphatic destruction by the parasitic filariasis diseases is among the leading cause of worldwide chronic disability. The Lymphatic system starts as an open-ended transport system in interstitial spaces, in contrast with the closed-loop circulation for blood.R2-128041 2,3 Protein-rich fluid is gathered by open Lymphatic capillaries that drain into progressively larger Lymphatic vessels. Collecting Lymphatics converge into two major Ducts, the thoracic Duct, which drains most of the body’s lymph into the left subclavian vein, or the smaller Right Lymphatic Duct, which drains into the Right subclavian vein. Along the way back to the blood circulation, lymph passes through at least one lymph node, where immunological presentation of antigens and filtering can occur. Despite the obvious macroscopic differences between the Lymphatic and blood circulations, there are close parallels as well (Table). Larger Lymphatics have valves like veins and also have smooth muscle–regulated tone that is nitric oxide–responsive.4 In fact, Sabin proposed in 1902 that the Lymphatic system …
Jeremy Auerbach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cartoon representing migration of thoracic Duct lymphocytes (TDLs) in rats.
2014Co-Authors: Vitaly V. Ganusov, Jeremy AuerbachAbstract:Blood is the main compartment that connects all tissues, and the rate of lymphocyte migration from the blood to other tissues is denoted as where and . Cells leaving a particular organ return to the blood at a rate with the exception of lymphocytes in the Peyer's patches from which lymphocytes migrate to the mesenteric LNs at a rate [67, p. 470]. In these experiments the total number of labeled cells declined over time (Figure 2 in Text S1), and therefore we allow for a constant removal rate of TDLs from the blood occurring due to death and/or migration of lymphocytes to other tissues that were not sampled. The percent of transferred lymphocytes was measured in the blood (), lung (), liver (), spleen (), subcutaneous lymph nodes (SCLNs, ), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs, ), and Peyer's patches (PPs, ). Lymphocytes exiting lymph nodes return to the blood via Right Lymphatic and left lymphactic (thoracic) Ducts (see also Figure 1 in Text S1). The thoracic Duct collects lymph from all mesenteric lymph nodes and from approximately half () of subcutaneous lymph nodes [68]. Lymph from other subcutaneous lymph nodes () enters the blood via the Right Lymphatic Duct [68], [69].
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The mathematical model accurately describes the kinetics of lymphocyte migration via major lymphoid organs (panel A) and kinetics of labeled lymphocytes exit during the thoracic Duct cannulation (panel B).
2014Co-Authors: Vitaly V. Ganusov, Jeremy AuerbachAbstract:We fit the basic mathematical model (eqn. (1) – (6)) simultaneously to the data on lymphocyte migration (Figure 3) and lymphocyte output via the thoracic Duct (Figure 4) using generalized likelihood method assuming subcompartments in LNs and PPs (see Materials and Methods). In panel A, symbol and line labeling is similar to that of Figure 3. The model predicts that the of lymphocytes exiting SCLNs migrate to the blood via the Right Lymphatic Duct and thus are not sampled during the thoracic Duct cannulation. Numbers in parentheses in panel B indicate the percent of cells exiting into blood from different LNs in 45 hours as predicted by the model (lines) or as observed in the data (dots). In the data, 55% of transferred TDLs were collected during 45 hours of the thoracic Duct cannulation. The model also predicts the contribution of lymphocytes exiting SCLNs (short dashed line in panel B) and MLNs (long dashed line in panel B) via the thoracic Duct. To explain the data, the rate of egress of lymphocytes from LNs and PPs declines exponentially with time during cannulation at an estimated rate min. Other parameters for the migration kinetics of TDLs are nearly identical to those given in Table 1. We fixed in fits of these data. Estimated standard errors are and (see eqn. (8)).
Vitaly V. Ganusov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cartoon representing migration of thoracic Duct lymphocytes (TDLs) in rats.
2014Co-Authors: Vitaly V. Ganusov, Jeremy AuerbachAbstract:Blood is the main compartment that connects all tissues, and the rate of lymphocyte migration from the blood to other tissues is denoted as where and . Cells leaving a particular organ return to the blood at a rate with the exception of lymphocytes in the Peyer's patches from which lymphocytes migrate to the mesenteric LNs at a rate [67, p. 470]. In these experiments the total number of labeled cells declined over time (Figure 2 in Text S1), and therefore we allow for a constant removal rate of TDLs from the blood occurring due to death and/or migration of lymphocytes to other tissues that were not sampled. The percent of transferred lymphocytes was measured in the blood (), lung (), liver (), spleen (), subcutaneous lymph nodes (SCLNs, ), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs, ), and Peyer's patches (PPs, ). Lymphocytes exiting lymph nodes return to the blood via Right Lymphatic and left lymphactic (thoracic) Ducts (see also Figure 1 in Text S1). The thoracic Duct collects lymph from all mesenteric lymph nodes and from approximately half () of subcutaneous lymph nodes [68]. Lymph from other subcutaneous lymph nodes () enters the blood via the Right Lymphatic Duct [68], [69].
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The mathematical model accurately describes the kinetics of lymphocyte migration via major lymphoid organs (panel A) and kinetics of labeled lymphocytes exit during the thoracic Duct cannulation (panel B).
2014Co-Authors: Vitaly V. Ganusov, Jeremy AuerbachAbstract:We fit the basic mathematical model (eqn. (1) – (6)) simultaneously to the data on lymphocyte migration (Figure 3) and lymphocyte output via the thoracic Duct (Figure 4) using generalized likelihood method assuming subcompartments in LNs and PPs (see Materials and Methods). In panel A, symbol and line labeling is similar to that of Figure 3. The model predicts that the of lymphocytes exiting SCLNs migrate to the blood via the Right Lymphatic Duct and thus are not sampled during the thoracic Duct cannulation. Numbers in parentheses in panel B indicate the percent of cells exiting into blood from different LNs in 45 hours as predicted by the model (lines) or as observed in the data (dots). In the data, 55% of transferred TDLs were collected during 45 hours of the thoracic Duct cannulation. The model also predicts the contribution of lymphocytes exiting SCLNs (short dashed line in panel B) and MLNs (long dashed line in panel B) via the thoracic Duct. To explain the data, the rate of egress of lymphocytes from LNs and PPs declines exponentially with time during cannulation at an estimated rate min. Other parameters for the migration kinetics of TDLs are nearly identical to those given in Table 1. We fixed in fits of these data. Estimated standard errors are and (see eqn. (8)).
S Schwab - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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morphology of the distal thoracic Duct and the Right Lymphatic Duct in different head and neck pathologies an imaging based study
Head & Face Medicine, 2016Co-Authors: Ferdinand J Kammerer, Benedikt Schlude, Michael A Kuefner, Philipp Schlechtweg, Matthias Hammon, Michael Uder, S SchwabAbstract:The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of head and neck pathologies on the detection rate, configuration and diameter of the thoracic Duct (TD) and Right Lymphatic Duct (RLD) in computed tomography (CT) of the head and neck. One hundred ninety-seven patients were divided into the subgroups "healthy", "benign disease" and "malignant disease". The interpretation of the images was performed at a slice thickness of 3 mm in the axial and coronal plane. In each case we looked for the distal part of the TD and RLD respectively and subsequently evaluated their configuration (tubular, sacciform, dendritic) as well as their maximum diameter and correlated the results with age, gender and diagnosis group. The detection rate in the study population was 81.2 % for the TD and 64.2 % for the RLD and did not differ significantly in any of the subgroups. The predominant configuration was tubular. The configuration distribution did not differ significantly between the diagnosis groups. The mean diameter of the TD was 4.79 ± 2.41 mm and that of the RLD was 3.98 ± 1.96 mm. No significant influence of a diagnosis on the diameter could be determined. There is no significant influence of head/neck pathologies on the CT detection rate, morphology or size of the TD and RLD. However our study emphasizes that both the RLD and the TD are detectable in the majority of routine head and neck CTs and therefore reading physicians and radiologists should be familiar with their various imaging appearances.
Schwab, Siegfried A. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Morphology of the distal thoracic Duct and the Right Lymphatic Duct in different head and neck pathologies: an imaging based study
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2016Co-Authors: Kammerer, Ferdinand J., Schlude Benedikt, Kuefner, Michael A., Schlechtweg Philipp, Hammon Matthias, Uder Michael, Schwab, Siegfried A.Abstract:Background The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of head and neck pathologies on the detection rate, configuration and diameter of the thoracic Duct (TD) and Right Lymphatic Duct (RLD) in computed tomography (CT) of the head and neck. Methods One hundred ninety-seven patients were divided into the subgroups "healthy", "benign disease" and "malignant disease". The interpretation of the images was performed at a slice thickness of 3 mm in the axial and coronal plane. In each case we looked for the distal part of the TD and RLD respectively and subsequently evaluated their configuration (tubular, sacciform, dendritic) as well as their maximum diameter and correlated the results with age, gender and diagnosis group. Results The detection rate in the study population was 81.2 % for the TD and 64.2 % for the RLD and did not differ significantly in any of the subgroups. The predominant configuration was tubular. The configuration distribution did not differ significantly between the diagnosis groups. The mean diameter of the TD was 4.79 ± 2.41 mm and that of the RLD was 3.98 ± 1.96 mm. No significant influence of a diagnosis on the diameter could be determined. Conclusions There is no significant influence of head/neck pathologies on the CT detection rate, morphology or size of the TD and RLD. However our study emphasizes that both the RLD and the TD are detectable in the majority of routine head and neck CTs and therefore reading physicians and radiologists should be familiar with their various imaging appearances
