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Thomas J Bruno - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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composition explicit distillation curves of commercial biodiesel fuels comparison of petroleum derived fuel with b20 and b100
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2008Co-Authors: Beverly L Smith, Lisa S Ott, Thomas J BrunoAbstract:We have recently introduced several important improvements in the measurement of distillation curves for complex fluids. The modifications provide for (1) a composition-explicit data channel for each distillate fraction (for both qualitative and quantitative analysis), (2) temperature measurements that are true thermodynamic state points that can be modeled with an equation of state, (3) temperature, volume, and pressure measurements of low uncertainty suitable for equation-of-state development, (4) consistency with a century of historical data, (5) an assessment of the energy content of each distillate fraction, (6) trace chemical analysis of each distillate fraction, and (7) corrosivity assessment of each distillate fraction. The composition-explicit channel is achieved with a new sampling approach that allows precise qualitative as well as quantitative analyses of each fraction, on the fly. We have applied the new method to the measurement of Rocket Propellant, gasolines, jet fuels, diesel fuels, and c...
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composition explicit distillation curves of mixtures of diesel fuel with biomass derived glycol ester oxygenates a fuel design tool for decreased particulate emissions
Energy & Fuels, 2008Co-Authors: Beverly L Smith, Thomas J BrunoAbstract:We have recently introduced several important improvements in the measurement of distillation curves for complex fluids. The modifications provide for (1) a composition explicit data channel for each distillate fraction (for both qualitative and quantitative analysis), (2) temperature measurements that are true thermodynamic state points that can be modeled with an equation of state, (3) temperature, volume, and pressure measurements of low uncertainty suitable for equation of state development, (4) consistency with a century of historical data, (5) an assessment of the energy content of each distillate fraction, (6) trace chemical analysis of each distillate fraction, and (7) a corrosivity assessment of each distillate fraction. The composition explicit channel is achieved with a new sampling approach that allows precise qualitative as well as quantitative analyses of each fraction, on the fly. We have applied the new method to the measurement of Rocket Propellant, gasolines, jet fuels, diesel fuels, and...
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composition explicit distillation curves of aviation fuel jp 8 and a coal based jet fuel
Energy & Fuels, 2007Co-Authors: Beverly L Smith, Thomas J BrunoAbstract:We have recently introduced several important improvements in the measurement of distillation curves for complex fluids. The modifications to the classical measurement provide for (1) a composition explicit data channel for each distillate fraction (for both qualitative and quantitative analysis); (2) temperature measurements that are true thermodynamic state points; (3) temperature, volume, and pressure measurements of low uncertainty suitable for an equation of state development; (4) consistency with a century of historical data; (5) an assessment of the energy content of each distillate fraction; (6) a trace chemical analysis of each distillate fraction; and (7) a corrosivity assessment of each distillate fraction. The most significant modification is achieved with a new sampling approach that allows precise qualitative as well as quantitative analyses of each fraction, on the fly. We have applied the new method to the measurement of Rocket Propellant, gasoline, and jet fuels. In this paper, we present...
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thermal decomposition kinetics of rp 1 Rocket Propellant
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2005Co-Authors: Peter C Andersen, Thomas J BrunoAbstract:As part of a thermophysical and transport property measurement project, the global decomposition kinetics of the kerosene-based Rocket Propellant, RP-1, was investigated. We measured the decomposition of RP-1 at elevated temperatures (that is, under thermal stress) as a function of time and then derived a global pseudo-first-order rate constant that describes the overall mixture decomposition. While not as rigorous as a component-by-component kinetics analysis, this approach is, nevertheless, instructive and can be used to guide the aforementioned property measurements. Decomposition measurements were made at 375, 400, 425, and 500 °C for two separate samples of RP-1. One sample was a typical batch, showing the expected fractions of paraffins, cycloparaffins, olefins, and aromatics. The other was an off-specification batch that had unusually high olefin and aromatic contents. Decomposition rate constants ranged from 6.92 × 10-5 s-1 at 375 °C to 1.07 × 10-3 s-1 at 500 °C. While the primary purpose of this ...
Beverly L Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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composition explicit distillation curves of commercial biodiesel fuels comparison of petroleum derived fuel with b20 and b100
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2008Co-Authors: Beverly L Smith, Lisa S Ott, Thomas J BrunoAbstract:We have recently introduced several important improvements in the measurement of distillation curves for complex fluids. The modifications provide for (1) a composition-explicit data channel for each distillate fraction (for both qualitative and quantitative analysis), (2) temperature measurements that are true thermodynamic state points that can be modeled with an equation of state, (3) temperature, volume, and pressure measurements of low uncertainty suitable for equation-of-state development, (4) consistency with a century of historical data, (5) an assessment of the energy content of each distillate fraction, (6) trace chemical analysis of each distillate fraction, and (7) corrosivity assessment of each distillate fraction. The composition-explicit channel is achieved with a new sampling approach that allows precise qualitative as well as quantitative analyses of each fraction, on the fly. We have applied the new method to the measurement of Rocket Propellant, gasolines, jet fuels, diesel fuels, and c...
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composition explicit distillation curves of mixtures of diesel fuel with biomass derived glycol ester oxygenates a fuel design tool for decreased particulate emissions
Energy & Fuels, 2008Co-Authors: Beverly L Smith, Thomas J BrunoAbstract:We have recently introduced several important improvements in the measurement of distillation curves for complex fluids. The modifications provide for (1) a composition explicit data channel for each distillate fraction (for both qualitative and quantitative analysis), (2) temperature measurements that are true thermodynamic state points that can be modeled with an equation of state, (3) temperature, volume, and pressure measurements of low uncertainty suitable for equation of state development, (4) consistency with a century of historical data, (5) an assessment of the energy content of each distillate fraction, (6) trace chemical analysis of each distillate fraction, and (7) a corrosivity assessment of each distillate fraction. The composition explicit channel is achieved with a new sampling approach that allows precise qualitative as well as quantitative analyses of each fraction, on the fly. We have applied the new method to the measurement of Rocket Propellant, gasolines, jet fuels, diesel fuels, and...
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composition explicit distillation curves of aviation fuel jp 8 and a coal based jet fuel
Energy & Fuels, 2007Co-Authors: Beverly L Smith, Thomas J BrunoAbstract:We have recently introduced several important improvements in the measurement of distillation curves for complex fluids. The modifications to the classical measurement provide for (1) a composition explicit data channel for each distillate fraction (for both qualitative and quantitative analysis); (2) temperature measurements that are true thermodynamic state points; (3) temperature, volume, and pressure measurements of low uncertainty suitable for an equation of state development; (4) consistency with a century of historical data; (5) an assessment of the energy content of each distillate fraction; (6) a trace chemical analysis of each distillate fraction; and (7) a corrosivity assessment of each distillate fraction. The most significant modification is achieved with a new sampling approach that allows precise qualitative as well as quantitative analyses of each fraction, on the fly. We have applied the new method to the measurement of Rocket Propellant, gasoline, and jet fuels. In this paper, we present...
Muhamed Suceska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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kinetics and enthalpy of nitroglycerin evaporation from double base Propellants by isothermal thermogravimetry
Thermochimica Acta, 2010Co-Authors: Muhamed Suceska, Sanja Matecic Musanic, Ivona Fiamengo HouraAbstract:Abstract Double base Propellants are composed of two basic components: nitrocellulose as a matrix and nitroglycerin as a plasticizer and blasting oil at the same time, and of additives such as stabilizers, burning catalysts, modifiers of ballistic properties, etc. In the course of time, a number of chemical and physical processes (e.g. stabilizer consumption, migration and evaporation of nitroglycerin, decomposition of nitroglycerin and nitrocellulose, etc.) take place in a Propellant grain. The result is a change of Propellants’ physical, chemical, thermal, ballistic and mechanical properties. The final consequence is reduction of performances and decrease of safe service lifetime of Propellants. Reduction of mechanical properties of a Propellant grain during ageing can be the factor that limits Rockets safe service time. On the other hand, the change in amount of nitroglycerin significantly affects mechanical properties. This is the reason why the evaporation of nitroglycerin from double base Propellants is a subject of great importance. In this work we have studied a very early stage of evaporation of nitroglycerin from a double base Rocket Propellant applying isothermal thermogravimetry experiments. The experiments were done with a Propellant containing 27% nitroglycerin, using thin plate samples having a thickness of 0.2–0.4 mm and weighing ∼4 mg. It was found that at a very early stage the evaporation can be described by the zero-order reaction model, while the entire process is characterized by power law decrees of the evaporation rate with time. The Langmuir vaporization equation, and equations proposed by Pieterse and Focke, and by Beverley et al. are used to relate nitroglycerin mass loss data and the vapor pressure. The activation energy of nitroglycerin evaporation was calculated to be 81.9 kJ mol−1 and the pre-exponential factor 5.6 × 107 s−1, while calculated enthalpy of nitroglycerin evaporation at 298.15 K lies between 80.0 and 90.5 kJ mol−1, depending on the calculation method applied.
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artificial ageing of double base Rocket Propellant effect on dynamic mechanical properties
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2009Co-Authors: Matecic S Musanic, Muhamed SuceskaAbstract:The ageing of double base Rocket Propellants (DB Rocket Propellants), which is a consequence of chemical reactions and physical processes that take place over time, has significant effect on their relevant properties (e.g. chemical composition, mechanical properties, ballistic properties, etc.). The changes of relevant properties limit the safe and reliable service life of DB Rocket Propellants. This is the reason why numerous research efforts are devoted to finding out reliable methods to measure the changes caused by ageing, to assess the quality at a given moment of time, and to predict remaining life-time of DB Rocket Propellants.
M E V Suareziha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tg studies of a composite solid Rocket Propellant based on htpb binder
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2004Co-Authors: Jose Atilio Fritz Fidel Rocco, Jose Eduardo Salgueiro Lima, Antonio Goncalves Frutuoso, Koshun Iha, Massao Ionashiro, J R Matos, M E V SuarezihaAbstract:Thermal decomposition kinetics of solid Rocket Propellants based on hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene-HTPB binder was studied by applying the Arrhenius and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa's methods. The thermal decomposition data of the Propellant samples were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG) at different heating rates in the temperature range of 300-1200 K. TG curves showed that the thermal degradation occurred in three main stages regardless of the plasticizer (DOA) raw material, the partial HTPB/IPDI binder and the total ammonium perchlorate decompositions. The kinetic parameters Ea (activation energy) and A (pre-exponential factor) and the compensation parameter (Sp) were determined. The apparent activation energies obtained from different methods showed a very good agreement.
Manfred A Bohn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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aging of htpb al ap Rocket Propellant formulations investigated by dma measurements
Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics, 2013Co-Authors: Sara Cerri, Manfred A Bohn, Klaus Menke, L GalfettiAbstract:Three HTPB-based Rocket Propellant formulations containing ammonium perchlorate and aluminum particles, with different aluminum content and particle size, have been manufactured. The study has focused on the change of mechanical properties with aging time by using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Therefore, Propellant formulations underwent an accelerated aging program, in air (RH<10 %), between 60 °C and 90 °C with aging time adjusted to a thermal equivalent load of 15 to 20 years at 25 °C. DMA investigations revealed distinct changes in the shape of the loss factor curve. These curves were modeled with three exponentially modified Gaussian (EMG) functions in order to get the molecular interpretation of the involved aging phenomena by separating the binder fractions with different mobility. Aging of Propellant formulations can be followed by considering only two parameters: the areas of the second and third loss factor transition peaks (A2, A3), and the corresponding maximum temperature values of the assigned Gauss peaks (Tc2, Tc3).
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ageing behaviour of htpb based Rocket Propellant formulations
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials, 2009Co-Authors: Sara Cerri, Manfred A Bohn, Klaus Menke, L GalfettiAbstract:The ageing of HTPB Propellant formulations containing nanoAl is investigated. During natural ageing the material undergoes a series of slow physico-chemical degradation reactions. By using accelerated ageing conditions it is possible to simulate the material behaviour at different time-temperature conditions especially focused on the in-service conditions. The mechanical and ageing behaviour of aluminised solid Rocket Propellants were investigated in terms of uniaxial tensile strength, DMA measurements, impact and friction sensitivity tests, SEM analyses.
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thermal ageing of Rocket Propellant formulations containing e hniw e cl20 investigated by heat generation rate and mass loss
Thermochimica Acta, 2003Co-Authors: Manfred A BohnAbstract:Abstract New types of Rocket Propellant batches have been formulated with the objective of achieving higher burning rates. The main ingredients are (1) the energetic plasticizers glycidyl azide polymer-α,ω-diazide (GAP)-A (short chain GAP with azide end groups), trimethylolethane trinitrate (TMETN) and 1,2,4-butanetriol trinitrate (BTTN), (2) the energetic substances ammonium perchlorate (AP) and e-CL20 (e-HNIW, hexanitrohexazaisowurtzitane, crystallised in e-phase). The binder is GAP (glycidyl azide polymer, diol component) cured with the polyisocyanate Desmodur™ N100. From the point of view of stability and ageing, the interesting fact is that the formulations contain none of the typical stabilisers for the nitric acid ester components TMETN and BTTN, although their contents range up to 21 mass%. One reason for doing so is to increase the content of the high energy ingredients. Seven formulations were examined in more detail. To assess basic stability the autoignition temperature test, Dutch mass loss test and vacuum stability test were used. To investigate ageing, two measurement quantities are applied: heat generation rate (heat flow) as function of time at 70, 80 and 89 °C and mass loss as function of time at the temperatures of 70, 80 and 90 °C. The evaluation of the measurements was done with reaction kinetic models. One batch (#189) containing BTTN shows significantly lower activation energy and pre-exponential factor. From mass loss one gets as activation energy for #189 of 101 kJ mol −1 in comparison to the range of 126–135 kJ mol −1 for the six other batches. But, based on the ageing caused by chemical decomposition reactions, all seven batches showed a good ageing behaviour. A use time period of up to 20 years of use seems realistic.
