The Experts below are selected from a list of 4050 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ian Wilkinson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluating the susceptibility of invasive black rats (Rattus rattus) and house mice (Mus musculus) to brodifacoum as a prelude to rodent eradication on Lord Howe Island
Biological Invasions, 2019Co-Authors: Robert Wheeler, David Priddel, Terence O’dwyer, Nicholas Carlile, Dean Portelli, Ian WilkinsonAbstract:The use of anticoagulant Rodenticides to eradicate invasive rodents from islands has become a powerful tool to prevent species extinctions and to restore degraded ecosystems. Success is dependent on all targeted individuals consuming rodenticide and dying as a result. Because susceptibility to anticoagulants can vary among rodent populations, it is important when planning an eradication to understand the efficacy of the proposed rodenticide on the target animals, particularly where there has been historic exposure to anticoagulants. The aims of this study were to investigate brodifacoum-susceptibility of black rats Rattus rattus and house mice Mus musculus on Lord Howe Island (LHI), Australia, where an eradication program is being planned. Black rats and house mice were subjected to various dosages of brodifacoum in a series of laboratory feeding trials. The results showed that rats on LHI died after consuming doses of rodenticide within expected ranges (60% died at 0.5 mg kg^−1 and 100% died at 0.8 mg kg^−1) when exposed to bait for 24 h. Mice, on the other hand, were more tolerant of the rodenticide, with 82% of individuals surviving doses of up to 2.0 mg kg^−1 consumed over 24 h and some individuals needing 6.0 mg kg^−1 consumed over 4 days to ingest a lethal dose. A laboratory experiment designed to simulate field application showed that all mice tested succumbed to brodifacoum poisoning when given the opportunity to consume sufficient bait (at least 6 days of exposure to toxic bait), although some individuals took 22 days to die. The results of these studies will help inform the Lord Howe Island rodent eradication.
Philippe Berny - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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accumulation of anticoagulant Rodenticides chlorophacinone bromadiolone and brodifacoum in a non target invertebrate the slug deroceras reticulatum
Science of The Total Environment, 2018Co-Authors: Hussein Alomar, Michael Coeurdassier, Andre Chabert, Philippe BernyAbstract:Abstract Anticoagulant Rodenticides (ARs) are used worldwide to control populations of agricultural and urban rodents, but these pesticides may be accumulated in and poisoned non-target species of wildlife. Slugs may feed on rodenticide bait following field applications. Thus, it can be assumed that their predators are exposed to Rodenticides through food chain transfer. However, AR exposure in the slugs has not been systematically studied. We investigated the accumulation of three ARs (chlorophacinone, bromadiolone or brodifacoum) in the slug Deroceras reticulatum exposed for a period of 5 days followed by depuration time of 4 days in the laboratory. Moreover, we studied the exposure of slugs to brodifacoum in the field. In the laboratory exposure, the slugs consumed rodenticide baits, but no mortality was observed. After 1 day, their concentrations were stable over the time and no differences were detected between the concentrations of the three ARs. After 5 days of exposure, mean concentrations in slugs were 1.71, 1.91 and 0.44 mg/kg wet weight for chlorophacinone, bromadiolone and brodifacoum respectively. A significant decrease of bromadiolone and brodifacoum in slugs was observed in the post exposure period. In the field study, brodifacoum was detected in > 90% of analyzed slugs after application of brodifacoum baits. Then, based on a toxicity-exposure ratio approach, we found that slug consumption may represent a risk of secondary poisoning for three of their predators under acute, repeated or subchronic exposure scenarios. These results suggest that the slugs are not only the potential subject to primary exposure, but also the source of secondary exposure for their predators following application of rodenticide baits.
William C Koskinen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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multiresidue analysis of seven anticoagulant Rodenticides by high performance liquid chromatography electrospray mass spectrometry
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Leetta J Marek, William C KoskinenAbstract:Mice and rat populations are commonly controlled by two classes of rodenticide anticoagulants, coumarins and indandiones. However, poisoning of nontarget animals also often occurs. For cases such as these, a rapid, multiresidue method, which provides positive confirmation for both classes of anticoagulant Rodenticides, is needed by diagnostic laboratories. A method was developed for the determination of seven anticoagulant Rodenticides, coumafuryl, pindone, warfarin, diphacinone, chlorophacinone, bromadiolone, and brodifacoum, in diverse matrices, animal feed, cooked beef, and fruit-flavored beverages using high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray/mass spectrometry. Detection was by MS/MS with electrospray ionization in negative mode. Confirmation was by retention time, m/z of molecular ion, and two parent-daughter transitions. Recoveries from selected the matrices ranged from 61 to 117%. Limits of quantitation were as low as 1.5-4.5 ng g -1 . The developed method was rapid and provided the simultaneous confirmation and quantification of the seven anticoagulant Rodenticides.
Robert Wheeler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluating the susceptibility of invasive black rats (Rattus rattus) and house mice (Mus musculus) to brodifacoum as a prelude to rodent eradication on Lord Howe Island
Biological Invasions, 2019Co-Authors: Robert Wheeler, David Priddel, Terence O’dwyer, Nicholas Carlile, Dean Portelli, Ian WilkinsonAbstract:The use of anticoagulant Rodenticides to eradicate invasive rodents from islands has become a powerful tool to prevent species extinctions and to restore degraded ecosystems. Success is dependent on all targeted individuals consuming rodenticide and dying as a result. Because susceptibility to anticoagulants can vary among rodent populations, it is important when planning an eradication to understand the efficacy of the proposed rodenticide on the target animals, particularly where there has been historic exposure to anticoagulants. The aims of this study were to investigate brodifacoum-susceptibility of black rats Rattus rattus and house mice Mus musculus on Lord Howe Island (LHI), Australia, where an eradication program is being planned. Black rats and house mice were subjected to various dosages of brodifacoum in a series of laboratory feeding trials. The results showed that rats on LHI died after consuming doses of rodenticide within expected ranges (60% died at 0.5 mg kg^−1 and 100% died at 0.8 mg kg^−1) when exposed to bait for 24 h. Mice, on the other hand, were more tolerant of the rodenticide, with 82% of individuals surviving doses of up to 2.0 mg kg^−1 consumed over 24 h and some individuals needing 6.0 mg kg^−1 consumed over 4 days to ingest a lethal dose. A laboratory experiment designed to simulate field application showed that all mice tested succumbed to brodifacoum poisoning when given the opportunity to consume sufficient bait (at least 6 days of exposure to toxic bait), although some individuals took 22 days to die. The results of these studies will help inform the Lord Howe Island rodent eradication.
J.d.s. Birks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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secondary rodenticide poisoning risk arising from winter farmyard use by the european polecat mustela putorius
Biological Conservation, 1998Co-Authors: J.d.s. BirksAbstract:The polecat Mustela putorius is a carnivore of unfavourable conservation status in Europe. It is believed to be vulnerable to accidential secondary rodenticide poisoning through the consumption of farmyard rodents. To confirm the mechanism of exposure, radio-tracking was used to examine the species' use of agricultural premises during winter when Rodenticides are mainly applied to control commensal rodents. Ten out of 11 polecats radio-tracked made some use of such premises, and compositional analysis indicated that these were the most preferred of all habitats utilised. Foraging for farmyard rodents (which comprised 65% of the diet of farmyard-using polecats in this study), rather than a response to cold weather, is believed to explain this behaviour. 45.4% of animals made heavy use of farmyards, and were thus vulnerable to secondary poisoning through ingestion of rodents contaminated with Rodenticides. Current government monitoring does not reveal the true level of contamination because severely affected animals tend to die out of sight in farm buildings. Since polecats are commonly killed by motor vehicles, screening of liver tissue from winter/spring road casualty polecats is recommended as a means of monitoring background levels of Rodenticides.
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Second-generation Rodenticides and polecats (Mustela putorius) in Britain
Environmental pollution (Barking Essex : 1987), 1996Co-Authors: Richard F. Shore, J.d.s. Birks, P. Freestone, Andrew C. KitchenerAbstract:In Britain, polecats Mustela putorius hunt around farm buildings, especially in winter, and, as a result, may be secondarily exposed to Rodenticides by eating contaminated prey. This paper reports the first survey of second-generation Rodenticides in polecats. Twenty-nine adult polecats which had been killed either accidentally on roads (24) and in traps (4), or had died of an unknown cause (1) were collected during 1992–1994. The livers of 24 animals and the stomach walls of the remaining five, for which the livers were not available, were analysed for difenacoum, bromadiolone, brodifacoum and flocoumafen. In total, rodenticide residues were detected in 31% of the polecats analysed. Residues were found in seven of the 24 livers (29%) and in two of the five stomachs analysed (40%). Difenacoum was detected most frequently (28% of animals), and was the only rodenticide in the stomach, while bromadiolone and brodifacoum were detected in only 10% and 3% of polecats, respectively. Flocoumafen was not detected in any animals. More than one rodenticide occurred in the livers of two animals; one contained difenacoum and bromadiolone, the other also contained brodifacoum. There was no sex bias in the proportion of animals containing Rodenticides. Animals with detectable residues came from more than one county and were collected only during January–April in each year.
