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Feingold, Alex J. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Laird Katie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Characterisation and screening of antimicrobial essential oil components against clinically important antibiotic-resistant bacteria using thin layer chromatography-direct bioautography hyphenated with GC-MS, LC-MS and NMR
    'Wiley', 2019
    Co-Authors: Owen Lucy, White, Alex W., Laird Katie
    Abstract:

    Introduction The antimicrobial activity of many essential oils (EOs) is well established, indicating that EOs may be a source of compounds for antimicrobial drug development. Thin layer chromatography‐direct bioautography (TLC‐DB) can quickly identify antimicrobial components in complex mixtures and can be applied to the screening of EOs for lead compounds. Objectives This study aimed to identify antimicrobial components of oregano, Rosewood and cumin EOs against antibiotic‐sensitive and ‐resistant bacteria using TLC‐DB and a multi‐faceted approach of GC‐MS, LC‐MS and NMR techniques to characterise bioactive compounds. The study also aimed to quantify the antimicrobial activity of bioactive compounds in order to evaluate their potential for the development of therapies against antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. Materials and Methods EOs were eluted on TLC plates and sprayed with a suspension of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa (antibiotic‐sensitive and ‐resistant isolates). Zones of inhibition, visualised with iodonitrotetrazolium chloride, were subject to GC‐MS, LC‐MS and NMR to characterise the bioactive compounds. Results Seven compounds were identified from the three EOs using GC‐MS, while LC‐MS and NMR failed to detect the presence of any further non‐volatile or heat labile compounds. Carvacrol was most antimicrobial compound identified, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging 0.99–31.62 mM. Conclusion \ud The identified antimicrobial compounds present in oregano, Rosewood and cumin EOs including carvacrol may be candidates for the development of novel antimicrobial therapies against antibiotic‐resistant bacteria

  • Characterisation and screening of antimicrobial essential oil components against clinically important antibiotic-resistant bacteria using thin layer chromatography-direct bioautography hyphenated with GC-MS, LC-MS and NMR.
    'Wiley', 2018
    Co-Authors: Owen Lucy, White A., Laird Katie
    Abstract:

    The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version.Introduction: The antimicrobial activity of many Essential Oils (EOs) is well established, indicating that EOs may be a source of compounds for antimicrobial drug development. Thin Layer Chromatography-Direct Bioautography (TLC-DB) can quickly identify antimicrobial components in complex mixtures and can be applied to the screening of EOs for lead compounds. Objectives: This study aimed to identify antimicrobial components of oregano, Rosewood and cumin EOs against antibiotic-sensitive and -resistant bacteria using TLC-DB and a multi-faceted approach of GC-MS, LC-MS and NMR techniques to characterise bioactive compounds. The study also aimed to quantify the antimicrobial activity of bioactive compounds in order to evaluate their potential for the development of therapies against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Materials and Methods: EOs were eluted on TLC plates and sprayed with a suspension of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa (antibiotic-sensitive and -resistant isolates). Zones of inhibition, visualised with iodonitrotetrazolium chloride, were subject to GC-MS, LC-MS and NMR to characterise the bioactive compounds. Results: Seven compounds were identified from the three EOs using GC-MS, while LC-MS and NMR failed to detect the presence of any further non-volatile or heat labile compounds. Carvacrol was most antimicrobial compound identified, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging 0.99-31.62 mM. Conclusion: The identified antimicrobial compounds present in oregano, Rosewood and cumin EOs including carvacrol may be candidates for the development of novel antimicrobial therapies against antibiotic-resistant bacteria

  • Bioautography-Guided Identification of Antimicrobial Essential Oil Components of Oregano, Cumin and Rosewood against Antibiotic Sensitive and Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    American Society of Microbiology General Meeting, 2017
    Co-Authors: Owen L., White A., Laird Katie
    Abstract:

    The increase in antimicrobial resistance and decrease in antibiotics being developed has resulted in the need for new strategies to treat antibiotic resistant infections. Many Essential Oils (EOs) possess broad spectrum antimicrobial activity, including against antibiotic resistant microorganisms, indicating that antimicrobial formulations could be developed. The aim of this study is to conduct high throughput screening of EOs by direct bioautography to identify antimicrobial components therein, in order to inform the future development of antimicrobial formulations. Rosewood, cumin and oregano EOs were screened for antimicrobial activity against methicillin sensitive and resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin sensitive and resistant Enterococcus faecium and ciprofloxacin sensitive and resistant Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) were also determined using microdilution; the MICs ranged from 0.29-9.20 mg/ml for oregano EO, 0.29-37.20 mg/ml for cumin EO and 8.80-35.20 mg/ml for Rosewood EO. Direct bioautography of the EOs was conducted, whereby a bacterial suspension was sprayed onto eluted two-dimensional thin layer chromatography plates and zones of inhibition of microbial growth were visualized using tetrazolium salts. Antimicrobial spots were isolated and characterised using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). NMR and GC-MS analysis identified carvacrol, linalool and cuminaldehyde as the major bioactive components present in oregano, Rosewood and cumin EOs, respectively. The MICs of these components were then determined. Carvacrol possessed the greatest antimicrobial activity (MICs 0.99 – 31.62 mM), while the MICs of linalool ranged from 57.05-912.80 mM and cuminaldehyde from 2.10-268.83 mM. The antimicrobial activity of these compounds indicates that they may have the potential to be developed as alternative therapies for infections caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria. Future studies will investigate interactions between these EO components and currently-employed antibiotics with the aim of developing a combination therapy to combat antibiotic resistance

  • Antimicrobial Activity of Ternary Essential Oil Mixtures in Topical Cosmetic Preparations Against Acne Vulgaris-Associated Bacteria.
    Phytochemical Society of Europe, 2017
    Co-Authors: Owen Lucy, Ruiz-rodado Victor, Price Penny, Grootveld M., Arroo R. R. J., Laird Katie
    Abstract:

    Acne vulgaris is a chronic skin condition associated with overgrowth of Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Antibiotics are commonly prescribed to control acne; however, resistance has emerged, indicating the need for new antimicrobial therapies1. Several essential oils (EOs) are antimicrobial, including against antibiotic-resistant isolates, indicating that antimicrobial formulations may be developed using EOs2. The aim of this study was to develop a topical preparation incorporating EOs to control acne-associated bacteria, and compare its efficacy with the topical antibiotic formulations Dalacin T® and Stiemycin®. The antimicrobial activity of litsea (Litsea cubeba), Rosewood (Aniba rosaeadora) and clove bud (Syzigum aromaticum) EOs was identified using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method3 and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using a broth microdilution assay3.The MICs of clove bud and Rosewood were 1.38 mg/ml against S. epidermidis and P. acnes. The MIC of litsea was 1.11 mg/mL against S. epidermidis and 2.23 mg/mL against P. acnes. The antimicrobial activity of a ternary combination of these EOs was further investigated using the checkerboard method with calculation of fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI)4. Synergy was observed against both test species (FICI < 0.5). The EOs were characterised by both GC-MS and NMR. The antimicrobial efficacy of a cosmetic preparation containing the ternary EO combination was then compared to that of the current prescription medicines Dalacin T® and Stiemycin®. A combination of 0.53 mg/mL litsea, 0.11 mg/mL Rosewood and 0.11 mg/mL clove bud EOs was formulated into a neroli herbal distillate with 0.5% (v/v) ethanol. Survival of P. acnes and S. epidermidis (types and clinical isolates) after a 24 h contact with the formulations was determined and compared to Dalacin T® and Stiemycin®. The formulation completely inhibited P. acnes (7 log10 reduction) and S. epidermidis (6 log10 reduction), and was equivalent in activity to Dalacin T® and Stiemycin®, including erythromycin-resistant isolates. The EO combination alone was either more antimicrobial (p ≤ 0.05) or equivalent in activity to the active ingredients of Dalacin T® and Stiemycin® (10 mg/mL clindamycin phosphate and 20 mg/mL erythromycin, respectively). The formulation may be useful as an alternative to antibiotic preparations for the control of acne-associated bacteria

  • A Multifactorial Comparison of Ternary Combinations of Essential Oils in Topical Preparations to Current Antibiotic Prescription Therapies for the Control of Acne Vulgaris-Associated Bacteria.
    'Wiley', 2016
    Co-Authors: Laird Katie, Owen Lucy, Ruiz-rodado Victor, Price Penny, Grootveld M., Arroo R. R. J.
    Abstract:

    The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.Acne vulgaris, a chronic condition associated with overgrowth of Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, is commonly treated with antibiotics. However, the emergence of antibiotic resistance has resulted in a need for alternative therapies. The aim of this study is to develop a topical preparation incorporating Essential Oils (EOs) for use against acne-associated bacteria and assess its efficacy against prescription therapies Dalacin T and Stiemycin. Antimicrobial screening of Rosewood, clove bud and litsea EOs was conducted and interactions between binary and ternary combinations determined against P. acnes and S. epidermidis (type and clinical isolates) using Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) and Fractional Inhibitory Concentrations (FICs). The EOs were characterised by both GC-MS and NMR. A combination of 0.53 mg/ml litsea, 0.11 mg/ml Rosewood and 0.11 mg/ml clove bud were formulated into herbal distillates and compared to Dalacin T and Stiemycin against antibiotic sensitive and resistant isolates (erythromycin). The distillate with EO had synergistic activity against P. acnes (7log10 reduction) and indifferent activity against S. epidermidis, (6log10 reduction), antimicrobial activity was either significantly (p ≤ 0.05) more antimicrobial or equivalent to that of Dalacin T and Stiemycin. This formulation may serve as a valuable alternative for the control of acne vulgaris-associated bacteria

Durali Danabas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Wanxi Peng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Molecules and functions of Rosewood: Dalbergia stevenson
    'Elsevier BV', 2018
    Co-Authors: Shuai Cheng Jiang, Wanxi Peng
    Abstract:

    In this paper, the organic solvent extract was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), TG, Py–GC–MS and TD–GC–MS were used to analyze the Dalbergia stevenson. And then, the pyrolysis products were analyzed by GC–MS. The chromatographic peak area normalization method was used to calculate the groups the relative content of the points. The results show that there are many kinds of bioactive ingredients in the berzolis sandalwood extract, mainly some alcohols and phenolic compounds. And in bio-energy, bio-medicine, cosmetics, skin care products and spices and other fields have potential application prospects. Keywords: Dalbergia stevenson, Extractives, GC–MS, Py–GC–MS, TD–GC–M

  • molecules and functions of Rosewood dalbergia stevenson
    Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2017
    Co-Authors: Shuai Cheng Jiang, Wanxi Peng
    Abstract:

    Abstract In this paper, the organic solvent extract was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), TG, Py–GC–MS and TD–GC–MS were used to analyze the Dalbergia stevenson . And then, the pyrolysis products were analyzed by GC–MS. The chromatographic peak area normalization method was used to calculate the groups the relative content of the points. The results show that there are many kinds of bioactive ingredients in the berzolis sandalwood extract, mainly some alcohols and phenolic compounds. And in bio-energy, bio-medicine, cosmetics, skin care products and spices and other fields have potential application prospects.

Qiu-xia Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • nutrient uptake and assimilation in fragrant Rosewood dalbergia odorifera t c chen seedlings in growing media with un composted spent mushroom residue
    PLOS ONE, 2021
    Co-Authors: Haitao Xia, Jin-wang Wang, Qiu-xia Chen
    Abstract:

    The purpose of this study was to detect nutrient uptake and assimilation in woody plants subjected to growing media with some peat replaced by spent mushroom residue (SMR). Fragrant Rosewood (Dalbergia odorifera T.C. Chen) seedlings were cultured in five types of growing media with SMR and peat in volumetric proportions of 0% (control), 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. With the increase of SMR proportion, ammonium- and nitrate-nitrogen (N) concentrations declined but available phosphorus (P) concentration and electrical conductance both increased. Seedlings in the full SMR substrates showed obvious mortality. Seedlings in substrates with SMR in proportions higher than 25% showed symptoms of excessive N and P toxicities. The utilization efficiency for P was highest in the 25% SMR growing-media. Mineral N in substrates had a positive relationship with growth and biomass but not with glutamine synthetase activity. Available P was negatively related with acid phosphatase activity in both leaves and roots. Un-composted SMR can replace 25% of peat in growing media for fragrant Rosewood seedlings, benefitting P uptake and assimilation.

  • Nutrient Uptake and Utilization by Fragrant Rosewood (Dalbergia odorifera) Seedlings Cultured with Oligosaccharide Addition under Different Lighting Spectra
    MDPI AG, 2018
    Co-Authors: Qiu-xia Chen, Hai-qing Lei, Jin-wang Wang, Sheng Yang, Hong-xu Wei
    Abstract:

    Fragrant Rosewood (Dalbergia odorifera T.C. Chen) is a highly-valued species suffering from vulnerability due to over-development for wood and medicine. In this study, Fragrant Rosewood seedlings were cultured with chitosan oligosaccharide (CO) addition at rates of 0 and 1/800 (v/v) under artificial lightings by 200-W high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps and 280-W light-emitting diode (LED) panels for a 15 h daily photoperiod and a natural illumination as the control. The LEDs were designed to emit lights in 85% of red (600–700 nm), 15% of green(500–600 nm), and 5% of blue (400–500 nm). The height of artificial lightings was elevated every five to seven days to keep the mean photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 72–73 µmol m−2 s−1 of artificial lighting at shoot-tips. Seedlings under LED lighting with CO addition had the greatest diameter growth and leaf biomass, as well as the highest nutrient utilization and evaluated quality, while those under HPS lighting had a higher stem sugar concentration but unchanged shoot growth and biomass compared to the control. In conclusion, we recommend Fragrant Rosewood seedlings to be cultured with CO addition under LED lighting to efficiently promote synthetic quality and nutrient utilization

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