Saccharomyces Boulardii

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Hania Szajewska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • systematic review with meta analysis Saccharomyces Boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhoea
    Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2015
    Co-Authors: Hania Szajewska, Maciej Kolodziej
    Abstract:

    SummaryBackground Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea is a common complication of antibiotic use, but it can be prevented with administration of probiotics. Aim To update our 2005 meta-analysis on the effectiveness of Saccharomyces Boulardii in preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children and adults. Methods The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases were searched up until May 2015, with no language restrictions, for randomised controlled trials; additional references were obtained from reviewed articles. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines. Results Twenty-one randomised controlled trials (4780 participants), among which 16 were new trials, met the inclusion criteria for this updated systematic review. Administration of S. Boulardii compared with placebo or no treatment reduced the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (as defined by the study investigators) in patients treated with antibiotics from 18.7% to 8.5% (risk ratio, RR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.38–0.57, number needed to treat, NNT: 10; 95% CI: 9–13). In children, S. Boulardii reduced the risk from 20.9% to 8.8% (6 randomised controlled trials, n=1653, RR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.3–0.6); in adults, from 17.4% to 8.2% (15 randomised controlled trials, n=3114, RR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.38–0.63). Moreover, S. Boulardii reduced the risk of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea; however, this reduction was significant only in children (2 randomised controlled trials, n = 579, RR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.08–0.73) and not in adults (9 randomised controlled trials, n = 1441, RR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.47–1.34). Conclusions This meta-analysis confirms that S. Boulardii is effective in reducing the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children and adults.

  • systematic review with meta analysis Saccharomyces Boulardii supplementation and eradication of helicobacter pylori infection
    Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2015
    Co-Authors: Hania Szajewska, Andrea Horvath, Maciej Kolodziej
    Abstract:

    SummaryBackground Unsatisfactory Helicobacter pylori eradication rates and therapy-associated side effects remain a problem. Aim To update our 2010 meta-analysis on the effects of Saccharomyces Boulardii as supplementation to a standard eradication regimen on H. pylori eradication rates and therapy-associated side effects. Methods The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched from July 2010 (end date of last search) to February 2015, with no language restrictions, for randomised controlled trials (RCTs); additional references were obtained from reviewed articles. Quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines. Results Eleven RCTs (2200 participants, among them 330 children) met the inclusion criteria. Of the 853 patients in the S. Boulardii group, 679 (80%, 95% CI 77–82) experienced eradication compared with 608 of the 855 patients (71%, 95% CI 68–74) in the control group [relative risk (RR) 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.17; moderate quality evidence]. S. Boulardii compared with control reduced the risk of overall H. pylori therapy-related adverse effects (RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.31–0.64; moderate quality evidence), particularly of diarrhoea (RR 0.51, 95% CI 0.42–0.62; high quality evidence) and nausea [RR 0.6, 95% CI 0.44–0.83 (moderate quality of evidence)]. Conclusions In the populations studied, the effectiveness of standard triple therapy was unsatisfactory. The addition of S. Boulardii significantly increased the eradication rate, but it was still below the desired level of success. Saccharomyces Boulardii significantly decreased some therapy-related side effects.

  • meta analysis the effects of Saccharomyces Boulardii supplementation on helicobacter pylori eradication rates and side effects during treatment
    Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2010
    Co-Authors: Hania Szajewska, Andrea Horvath, Anna Piwowarczyk
    Abstract:

    Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 1069–1079 Summary Background  Problems with currently recommended Helicobacter pylori eradication therapies include unsatisfactory eradication rates and/or therapy-associated side effects. Aim  To investigate the effects of Saccharomyces Boulardii as supplementation to standard triple therapy on H. pylori eradication rates and therapy-associated side effects. Methods  The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched in July 2010, with no language restrictions, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs); additional references were obtained from reviewed articles. Results  Five RCTs involving a total of 1307 participants (among them only 90 children) met the inclusion criteria. Compared with placebo or no intervention, S. Boulardii given along with triple therapy significantly increased the eradication rate [four RCTs, n = 915, relative risk (RR) 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–1.21] and reduced the risk of overall H. pylori therapy-related adverse effects (five RCTs, n = 1305, RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.3–0.7), particularly of diarrhoea (four RCTs, n = 1215, RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.32–0.69). There were no significant differences between groups in the risk of other adverse effects. Conclusion  In patients with H. pylori infection, there is evidence to recommend the use of S. Boulardii along with standard triple therapy as an option for increasing the eradication rates and decreasing overall therapy-related side effects, particularly diarrhoea.

  • Saccharomyces Boulardii in childhood
    European Journal of Pediatrics, 2009
    Co-Authors: Yvan Vandenplas, O Brunser, Hania Szajewska
    Abstract:

    Probiotics are live microorganisms which confer a health benefit on the host. Saccharomyces Boulardii, a yeast, has been found to be an effective probiotic in double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical studies. We reviewed the established mechanisms of actions and clinical efficacy in children of S. Boulardii. The mechanisms of action of S. Boulardii depend mainly on the inhibition of some bacterial toxins, anti-inflammatory effects, and on stimulating effects on the intestinal mucosa such as trophic effects on the brush border enzymes and immunostimulatory effects. At present, in pediatric populations, there is evidence that S. Boulardii is beneficial for the treatment of acute gastroenteritis and the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. More data are needed in other indications such as traveller’s diarrhea, Helicobacter pylori eradication, and inflammatory bowel disease. S. Boulardii is a yeast strain that has been extensively studied in vitro and in vivo. Recent data have opened the door for new therapeutic indications.

  • meta analysis Saccharomyces Boulardii for treating acute diarrhoea in children
    Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2006
    Co-Authors: Hania Szajewska, Agata Skorka, M Dylag
    Abstract:

    ummary Background Saccharomyces Boulardii is a non-pathogenic probiotic yeast considered useful against enteropathogens. Aim To assess the effectiveness of S. Boulardii in treating acute infectious diarrhoea in children. Methods The following electronic databases were searched through August 2006 for studies relevant to acute infectious diarrhoea and S. Boulardii: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and The Cochrane Library; additional references were obtained from reviewed articles. Only randomized-controlled trials were included. Results Five randomized-controlled trials (619 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Combined data from four randomized-controlled trials showed that S. Boulardii significantly reduced the duration of diarrhoea compared with control. The pooled weighted mean difference was −1.1 days (95% CI: −1.3 to −0.8) with a fixed model and remained significant in a random effect model. Saccharomyces Boulardii significantly reduced the risk of diarrhoea on days 3, 6 and 7. Also the risk of diarrhoea lasting >7 days was significantly reduced in the S. Boulardii group vs. control group (1 RCT, n = 88, RR 0.25, 95% CI: 0.08–0.83; NNT 5, 95% CI: 3–20). Conclusions There exists a moderate clinical benefit of S. Boulardii therapy in otherwise healthy infants and children with acute gastroenteritis, mainly a shorter duration of diarrhoea. However, these results should be interpreted with caution due to methodological limitations of the included studies.

Charalabos Pothoulakis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • probiotic Saccharomyces Boulardii cncm i 745 prevents outbreak associated clostridium difficile associated cecal inflammation in hamsters
    American Journal of Physiology-gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Hon Wai Koon, Xinhua Chen, Ciaran P Kelly, Caroline C Mussatto, Diana Hoangngoc Tran, Elaine C Lee, Christina Ortiz, Jiani Wang, Jung Eun Lee, Charalabos Pothoulakis
    Abstract:

    By utilizing a well-established hamster model of CDI we show that oral gavage of Saccharomyces Boulardii CNCM I-745 (S.b) effectively prevented cecal tissue damage, NF-κB phosphorylation, and TNFα ...

  • efficacy and safety of the probiotic Saccharomyces Boulardii for the prevention and therapy of gastrointestinal disorders
    Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Theodoros Kelesidis, Charalabos Pothoulakis
    Abstract:

    Several clinical trials and experimental studies strongly suggest a place for Saccharomyces Boulardii as a biotherapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of several gastrointestinal diseases. S. Boulardii mediates responses resembling the protective effects of the normal healthy gut flora. The multiple mechanisms of action of S. Boulardii and its properties may explain its efficacy and beneficial effects in acute and chronic gastrointestinal diseases that have been confirmed by clinical trials. Caution should be taken in patients with risk factors for adverse events. This review discusses the evidence for efficacy and safety of S. Boulardii as a probiotic for the prevention and therapy of gastrointestinal disorders in humans.

  • review article anti inflammatory mechanisms of action of Saccharomyces Boulardii
    Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2009
    Co-Authors: Charalabos Pothoulakis
    Abstract:

    Aliment Pharmacol Ther 30, 826–833 Summary Background Saccharomyces Boulardii, a well-studied probiotic, can be effective in inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases with diverse pathophysiology, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and bacterially mediated or enterotoxin-mediated diarrhoea and inflammation. Aim  To discuss the mechanisms of action involved in the intestinal anti-inflammatory action of S. Boulardii. Methods  Review of the literature related to the anti-inflammatory effects of this probiotic. Results  Several mechanisms of action have been identified directed against the host and pathogenic microorganisms. S. Boulardii and S. Boulardii secreted-protein(s) inhibit production of proinflammatory cytokines by interfering with the global mediator of inflammation nuclear factor κB, and modulating the activity of the mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK1/2 and p38. S. Boulardii activates expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) that protects from gut inflammation and IBD. S. Boulardii also suppresses ‘bacteria overgrowth’ and host cell adherence, releases a protease that cleaves C. difficile toxin A and its intestinal receptor and stimulates antibody production against toxin A. Recent results indicate that S. Boulardii may interfere with IBD pathogenesis by trapping T cells in mesenteric lymph nodes. Conclusions  The multiple anti-inflammatory mechanisms exerted by S. Boulardii provide molecular explanations supporting its effectiveness in intestinal inflammatory states.

  • Saccharomyces Boulardii inhibits egf receptor signaling and intestinal tumor growth in apcmin mice
    Gastroenterology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Xinhua Chen, Hon Wai Koon, Charalabos Pothoulakis, Johannes Fruehauf, Jeff Goldsmith, Kianoosh K Katchar, Dezheng Zhao, Efi Kokkotou, Ciaran P Kelly
    Abstract:

    Background & Aims Saccharomyces Boulardii (Sb) is a probiotic yeast with anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities and has been used for decades in the prevention and treatment of a variety of human gastrointestinal disorders. We reported previously that Sb modulates host inflammatory responses through down-regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)1/2 activities both in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study was to identify upstream mediators responsible for extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)1/2 inactivation and to examine the effects of Sb on tumor development in Apc Min mice. Methods Signaling studies of colon cancer cells were done by western blot. Cell proliferation was measured by MTS and BrdU assay. Apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry, tunel assay and caspase assay. Apc Min mice were orally given Sb for 9 weeks before sacrifice for tumor analysis. Results We found that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was deactivated upon exposure to Sb , leading to inactivation of both the EGFR-Erk and EGFR-Akt pathways. In human colonic cancer cells, Sb prevented EGF-induced proliferation, reduced cell colony formation, and promoted apoptosis. HER-2, HER-3, and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor were also found to be inactivated by Sb . Oral intake of Sb reduced intestinal tumor growth and dysplasia in C57BL/6J Min/+ ( Apc Min ) mice. Conclusions Thus, in addition to its anti-inflammatory effects, Sb inhibits EGFR and other receptor tyrosine kinase signaling and thereby may also serve a novel therapeutic or prophylactic role in intestinal neoplasia.

  • Saccharomyces Boulardii produces a soluble anti inflammatory factor that inhibits nf κb mediated il 8 gene expression
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2006
    Co-Authors: Stavros Sougioultzis, Xinhua Chen, Charalabos Pothoulakis, Simos Simeonidis, Ramakrishnan K Bhaskar, Pauline M Anton, Sarah Keates, Ciaran P Kelly
    Abstract:

    Saccharomyces Boulardii (Sb) is a non-pathogenic yeast that ameliorates intestinal injury and inflammation caused by a wide variety of enteric pathogens. We hypothesized that Sb may exert its probiotic effects by modulation of host cell signaling and pro-inflammatory gene expression. Human HT-29 colonocytes and THP-1 monocytes were stimulated with IL-1beta, TNFalpha or LPS in the presence or absence of Sb culture supernatant (SbS). IL-8 protein and mRNA levels were measured by ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. The effect of SbS on IkappaB alpha degradation was studied by Western blotting and on NF-kappaB-DNA binding by EMSA. NF-kappaB-regulated gene expression was evaluated by transient transfection of THP-1 cells with a NF-kappaB-responsive luciferase reporter gene. SbS inhibited IL-8 protein production in IL-1beta or TNFalpha stimulated HT-29 cells (by 75% and 85%, respectively; P<0.001) and prevented IL-1beta-induced up-regulation of IL-8 mRNA. SbS also inhibited IL-8 production, prevented IkappaB alpha degradation, and reduced both NF-kappaB-DNA binding and NF-kappaB reporter gene up-regulation in IL-1beta or LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells. Purification and characterization studies indicate that the S. Boulardii anti-inflammatory factor (SAIF) is small (<1 kDa), heat stable, and water soluble. The probiotic yeast Saccharomyces Boulardii exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by producing a low molecular weight soluble factor that blocks NF-kappaB activation and NF-kappaB-mediated IL-8 gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells and monocytes. SAIF may mediate, at least in part, the beneficial effects of Saccharomyces Boulardii in infectious and non-infectious human intestinal disease.

Yvan Vandenplas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Saccharomyces Boulardii cncm i 745 improves intestinal enzyme function a trophic effects review
    Clinical Medicine Insights: Gastroenterology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Margret I More, Yvan Vandenplas
    Abstract:

    Several properties of the probiotic medicinal yeast Saccharomyces Boulardii CNCM I-745 contribute to its efficacy to prevent or treat diarrhoea. Besides immunologic effects, pathogen-binding and anti-toxin effects, as well as positive effects on the microbiota, S Boulardii CNCM I-745 also has pronounced effects on digestive enzymes of the brush border membrane, known as trophic effects. The latter are the focus of this review. Literature has been reviewed after searching Medline and PMC databases. All relevant non-clinical and clinical studies are summarized. S. Boulardii CNCM I-745 synthesizes and secretes polyamines, which have a role in cell proliferation and differentiation. The administration of polyamines or S. Boulardii CNCM I-745 enhances the expression of intestinal digestive enzymes as well as nutrient uptake transporters. The signalling mechanisms leading to enzyme activation are not fully understood. However, polyamines have direct nucleic acid-binding capacity with regulatory impact. S. Boulardii CNCM I-745 induces signalling via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. In addition, effects on the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway have been reported. As an additional direct effect, S. Boulardii CNCM I-745 secretes certain enzymes, which enhance nutrient acquisition for the yeast and the host. The increased availability of digestive enzymes seems to be one of the mechanisms by which S. Boulardii CNCM I-745 counteracts diarrhoea; however, also people with certain enzyme deficiencies may profit from its administration. More studies are needed to fully understand the mechanisms of trophic activation by the probiotic yeast.

  • a double blinded randomized trial on growth and feeding tolerance with Saccharomyces Boulardii cncm i 745 in formula fed preterm infants
    Jornal De Pediatria, 2016
    Co-Authors: Yun Wang, Yang Wang, Mei Sun, Zhiqin Mao, Yvan Vandenplas
    Abstract:

    Objective: The use of probiotics is increasingly popular in preterm neonates, as they may prevent necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) sepsis and improve growth and feeding tolerance. There is only limited literature on Saccharomyces Boulardii CNCM I-745 (S. Boulardii) in preterm infants. Method: A prospective, randomized, case-controlled trial with the probiotic S. Boulardii (50 mg/kg twice daily) was conducted in newborns with a gestational age of 30 to 37 weeks and a birth weight between 1,500 to 2,500 g. Results: 125 neonates were enrolled; 63 in the treatment and 62 in the control group. Weight gain (16.14 ± 1.96 vs. 10.73 ± 1.77 g/kg/day, p < 0.05) and formula intake at maximal enteral feeding (128.4 ± 6.7 vs. 112.3 ± 7.2 mL/kg/day, p < 0.05) were signi“cantly higher in the intervention group. Once enteral feeding was started, the time needed to reach full enteral feeding was signi“cantly shorter in the probiotic group (0.4 ± 0.1 vs. 1.7 ± 0.5 days, p < 0.05). There was no signi“cant difference in sepsis. NEC did not occur. No adverse effects related to S. Boulardii were observed.

  • Saccharomyces Boulardii cncm i 745 in different clinical conditions
    Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ener Cagri Dinleyici, Metehan Ozen, Ates Kara, Yvan Vandenplas
    Abstract:

    Introduction: Saccharomyces Boulardii is a well-known probiotic worldwide, and there are numerous studies including experimental and clinical trials in children and adults by the use of S. Boulardii.Areas covered: The objective of the present report is to provide an update on the evidence for the efficacy of S. Boulardii CNCM I-745 in different clinical conditions. Saccharomyces Boulardii is one of the best-studied probiotics in acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and is shown to be safe and to reduce the duration of diarrhea and hospitalization by about 1 day. Saccharomyces Boulardii is one of the recommended probiotics for AGE in children by European Society of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN). Saccharomyces Boulardii is also a recommended probiotic for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), and a recent study showed promising results for the treatment of AAD in children. There is insufficient evidence to rec...

  • Effectiveness and safety of Saccharomyces Boulardii for acute infectious diarrhea.
    Expert opinion on biological therapy, 2012
    Co-Authors: Ener Cagri Dinleyici, Makbule Eren, Metehan Ozen, Zeynel Abidin Yargic, Yvan Vandenplas
    Abstract:

    Introduction: Acute diarrhea continues to be a leading cause of morbidity, hospitalization and mortality worldwide and probiotics have been proposed as a complementary therapy in the treatment of acute diarrhea. Regarding the treatment of acute diarrhea, a few probiotics including Saccharomyces Boulardii seem to be promising therapeutic agents. Areas covered: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis regarding the use of S. Boulardii in the treatment of acute infectious diarrhea with relevant studies that searched with the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Library, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews through October 2011. This review describes the effects of S. Boulardii on the duration of diarrhea, the risk of diarrhea during the treatment (especially at the third day) and duration of hospitalization in patients with acute infectious diarrhea. This review also focused on the potential effects of S. Boulardii for acute infectious diarrhea due to di...

  • clinical efficacy comparison of Saccharomyces Boulardii and yogurt fluid in acute non bloody diarrhea in children a randomized controlled open label study
    American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2010
    Co-Authors: Makbule Eren, Ener Cagri Dinleyici, Yvan Vandenplas
    Abstract:

    Abstract. The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the clinical efficacy and cost/effectiveness of Saccharomyces Boulardii compared with yogurt fluid (YF) in acute non-bloody diarrhea in children. This randomized, prospective open-label clinical trial includes 55 children (36 boys, 19 girls; mean age 21.2 ± 28.2 months). Group A (N = 28) received lyophilized S. Boulardii and group B (N = 27) received YF. The duration of diarrhea was shorter with S. Boulardii but the hospital stay was reduced with YF, although these differences were not significant. However, diarrhea had resolved in significantly more children on day 3 in the S. Boulardii group (48.5% versus 25.5%; P < 0.05). In outpatient cases, yogurt treatment was cheaper than S. Boulardii whereas in hospitalized patients, treatment cost was similar. In conclusion, the effect of daily freshly prepared YF was comparable to S. Boulardii in the treatment of acute non-bloody diarrhea in children. The duration of diarrhea was shorter in the S. Boulardii group, expressed as a significantly higher number of patients with normal stools on day 3.

Ciaran P Kelly - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • prospective randomized controlled study on the effects of Saccharomyces Boulardii cncm i 745 and amoxicillin clavulanate or the combination on the gut microbiota of healthy volunteers
    Gut microbes, 2017
    Co-Authors: Toufic Kabbani, Kumar Pallav, Scot E Dowd, Javier Villafuertegalvez, Rohini R Vanga, Natalia E Castillo, Joshua Hansen, Melinda Dennis, Daniel A Leffler, Ciaran P Kelly
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACTProbiotics are believed to be beneficial in maintaining a healthy gut microbiota whereas antibiotics are known to induce dysbiosis. This study aimed to examine the effects of the probiotic Saccharomyces Boulardii CNCM I-745 (SB), the antibiotic Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (AC) and the combination on the microbiota and symptoms of healthy humans.Healthy subjects were randomized to one of 4 study groups: SB for 14 days, AC for 7 days, SB plus AC, Control (no treatment). Participants gave stool samples and completed gastro-intestinal symptom questionnaires. Microbiota changes in stool specimens were analyzed using 16s rRNA gene pyrosequencing (bTEFAP).Only one subject withdrew prematurely due to adverse events. Subjects treated by S Boulardii + AC had fewer adverse events and tolerated the study regimen better than those receiving the AC alone. Control subjects had a stable microbiota throughout the study period. Significant microbiota changes were noted in the AC alone group during antibiotic treatment....

  • probiotic Saccharomyces Boulardii cncm i 745 prevents outbreak associated clostridium difficile associated cecal inflammation in hamsters
    American Journal of Physiology-gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Hon Wai Koon, Xinhua Chen, Ciaran P Kelly, Caroline C Mussatto, Diana Hoangngoc Tran, Elaine C Lee, Christina Ortiz, Jiani Wang, Jung Eun Lee, Charalabos Pothoulakis
    Abstract:

    By utilizing a well-established hamster model of CDI we show that oral gavage of Saccharomyces Boulardii CNCM I-745 (S.b) effectively prevented cecal tissue damage, NF-κB phosphorylation, and TNFα ...

  • Saccharomyces Boulardii inhibits egf receptor signaling and intestinal tumor growth in apcmin mice
    Gastroenterology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Xinhua Chen, Hon Wai Koon, Charalabos Pothoulakis, Johannes Fruehauf, Jeff Goldsmith, Kianoosh K Katchar, Dezheng Zhao, Efi Kokkotou, Ciaran P Kelly
    Abstract:

    Background & Aims Saccharomyces Boulardii (Sb) is a probiotic yeast with anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities and has been used for decades in the prevention and treatment of a variety of human gastrointestinal disorders. We reported previously that Sb modulates host inflammatory responses through down-regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)1/2 activities both in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study was to identify upstream mediators responsible for extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)1/2 inactivation and to examine the effects of Sb on tumor development in Apc Min mice. Methods Signaling studies of colon cancer cells were done by western blot. Cell proliferation was measured by MTS and BrdU assay. Apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry, tunel assay and caspase assay. Apc Min mice were orally given Sb for 9 weeks before sacrifice for tumor analysis. Results We found that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was deactivated upon exposure to Sb , leading to inactivation of both the EGFR-Erk and EGFR-Akt pathways. In human colonic cancer cells, Sb prevented EGF-induced proliferation, reduced cell colony formation, and promoted apoptosis. HER-2, HER-3, and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor were also found to be inactivated by Sb . Oral intake of Sb reduced intestinal tumor growth and dysplasia in C57BL/6J Min/+ ( Apc Min ) mice. Conclusions Thus, in addition to its anti-inflammatory effects, Sb inhibits EGFR and other receptor tyrosine kinase signaling and thereby may also serve a novel therapeutic or prophylactic role in intestinal neoplasia.

  • Saccharomyces Boulardii interferes with shigella pathogenesis by postinvasion signaling events
    American Journal of Physiology-gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Karen L Mumy, Xinhua Chen, Ciaran P Kelly, Beth A Mccormick
    Abstract:

    Saccharomyces Boulardii is gaining in popularity as a treatment for a variety of diarrheal diseases as well as inflammatory bowel disease. This study was designed to examine the effect of this yeas...

  • Saccharomyces Boulardii produces a soluble anti inflammatory factor that inhibits nf κb mediated il 8 gene expression
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2006
    Co-Authors: Stavros Sougioultzis, Xinhua Chen, Charalabos Pothoulakis, Simos Simeonidis, Ramakrishnan K Bhaskar, Pauline M Anton, Sarah Keates, Ciaran P Kelly
    Abstract:

    Saccharomyces Boulardii (Sb) is a non-pathogenic yeast that ameliorates intestinal injury and inflammation caused by a wide variety of enteric pathogens. We hypothesized that Sb may exert its probiotic effects by modulation of host cell signaling and pro-inflammatory gene expression. Human HT-29 colonocytes and THP-1 monocytes were stimulated with IL-1beta, TNFalpha or LPS in the presence or absence of Sb culture supernatant (SbS). IL-8 protein and mRNA levels were measured by ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. The effect of SbS on IkappaB alpha degradation was studied by Western blotting and on NF-kappaB-DNA binding by EMSA. NF-kappaB-regulated gene expression was evaluated by transient transfection of THP-1 cells with a NF-kappaB-responsive luciferase reporter gene. SbS inhibited IL-8 protein production in IL-1beta or TNFalpha stimulated HT-29 cells (by 75% and 85%, respectively; P<0.001) and prevented IL-1beta-induced up-regulation of IL-8 mRNA. SbS also inhibited IL-8 production, prevented IkappaB alpha degradation, and reduced both NF-kappaB-DNA binding and NF-kappaB reporter gene up-regulation in IL-1beta or LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells. Purification and characterization studies indicate that the S. Boulardii anti-inflammatory factor (SAIF) is small (<1 kDa), heat stable, and water soluble. The probiotic yeast Saccharomyces Boulardii exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by producing a low molecular weight soluble factor that blocks NF-kappaB activation and NF-kappaB-mediated IL-8 gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells and monocytes. SAIF may mediate, at least in part, the beneficial effects of Saccharomyces Boulardii in infectious and non-infectious human intestinal disease.

Lynne V. Mcfarland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • systematic review and meta analysis of Saccharomyces Boulardii in adult patients
    World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Lynne V. Mcfarland
    Abstract:

    This article reviews the evidence for efficacy and safe ty of Saccharomyces Boulardii (S. Boulardii ) for various disease indications in adults based on the peerreviewed, randomized clinical trials and pre-clinical studies from the published medical literature (Medline, Clinical Trial websites and meeting abstracts) between 1976 and 2009. For meta-analysis, only randomized, blinded controlled trials unrestricted by language were included. Pre-clinical studies, volunteer studies and uncontrolled studies were excluded from the review of efficacy and meta-analysis, but included in the systemat ic review. Of 31 randomized, placebo-controlled treatment arms in 27 trials (encompassing 5029 study patients), S. Boulardii was found to be significantly effica cious and safe in 84% of those treatment arms. A meta-analysis found a significant therapeutic efficacy for S. Boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) (RR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.35-0.63, P < 0.001). In adults, S. Boulardii can be strongly recommended for the prevention of AAD and the traveler’s diarrhea. Randomized trials also support the use of this yeast probiotic for prevention of enteral nutrition-related diarrhea and reduction of Heliobacter pylori treatment-related symptoms. S. Boulardii shows promise for the prevention of C. difficile disease recurrences; treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, acute adult diarrhea, Crohn’s disease, giardiasis, human immunodeficiency virus-related diarrhea; but more supporting evidence is recommended for these indications. The use of S. Boulardii as a therapeutic probiotic is evidence-based for both efficacy and safety for several types of diarrhea.

  • the search for a better treatment for recurrent clostridium difficile disease use of high dose vancomycin combined with Saccharomyces Boulardii
    Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2000
    Co-Authors: Christina M. Surawicz, Lynne V. Mcfarland, Richard N Greenberg, Karen E Bowen, Moshe Rubin, Robert Fekety, Maury Ellis Mulligan, Reuben J Garcia, Sally A Brandmarker, Delia Borjal
    Abstract:

    Recurrent Clostridium difficile disease (CDD) is a difficult clinical problem because antibiotic therapy often does not prevent further recurrences. In a previous study, the biotherapeutic agent Saccharomyces Boulardii was used in combination with standard antibiotics and was found to be effective in reducing subsequent recurrences of CDD. In an effort to further refine a standard regimen, we tested patients receiving a regimen of a standard antibiotic for 10 days and then added either S. Boulardii (1 g/day for 28 days) or placebo. A significant decrease in recurrences was observed only in patients treated with high-dose vancomycin (2 g/day) and S. Boulardii (16.7%), compared with those who received high-dose vancomycin and placebo (50%; ). No serious adverse reactions were observed in these patients. ComP p .05

  • prevention of β lactam associated diarrhea by Saccharomyces Boulardii compared with placebo
    The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 1995
    Co-Authors: Lynne V. Mcfarland, Christina M. Surawicz, Gary W. Elmer, Richard N Greenberg, Kris A Moyer, Sally A Melcher, Karen E Bowen, Jenny L Cox
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVES To determine the safety and efficacy of a new preventive agent for antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in patients receiving at least one beta-lactam antibiotic. METHODS A double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel group study was performed in a high-risk group of hospitalized patients receiving a new prescription for a beta-lactam antibiotic and having no acute diarrhea on enrollment. Lyophilized Saccharomyces Boulardii or placebo (1 g/day) was given within 72 h of the start of the antibiotic(s) and continued until 3 days after the antibiotic was discontinued, after which the patients were followed for 7 wk. RESULTS Of the 193 eligible patients, significantly fewer, 7/97 (7.2%), patients receiving S. Boulardii developed AAD compared with 14/96 (14.6%) on placebo (p = 0.02). The efficacy of S. Boulardii for the prevention of AAD was 51%. Using a multivariate model to adjust for two independent risk factors for AAD (age and days of cephalosporin use), the adjusted relative risk was significantly protective for S. Boulardii (RR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.08, 0.98). CONCLUSION The prophylactic use of S. Boulardii given with a beta-lactam antibiotic resulted in a significant reduction of AAD with no serious adverse reactions.

  • Saccharomyces Boulardii a review of an innovative biotherapeutic agent
    Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease, 1993
    Co-Authors: Lynne V. Mcfarland, P Bernasconi
    Abstract:

    Saccharomyces Boulardii is a non-pathogenic yeast which has been used as both a preventive and therapeutic agent for the treatment of a variety of diarrhoeal diseases. The studies with animal models and evidence from human volunteers and patients indicate a profile which is effective in the therapy of diarrhoea and is remarkably safe for oral ingestion. The pharmacokinetic data demonstrate that S. Boulardii reaches a steady-state concentration quickly and maintains a high stable level as long as the yeast is taken daily. Once the agent is discontinued, S. Boulardii is quickly eliminated from the colon. Clinical trials studying antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, nasogastric-tube alimentation diarrhoea, Clostridium difficile -disease, acute diarrhoea and chronic diarrhoea in HI V-infected patients are reviewed. Keywords - Saccharomyces Boulardii ; Biotherapeutic agent; Clostridium difficile ; Diarrhoea.

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