The Experts below are selected from a list of 108 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Brian W Spitzer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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local maladaptation in the soft scale insect Saissetia coffeae hemiptera coccidae
Evolution, 2006Co-Authors: Brian W SpitzerAbstract:Local adaptation has often been documented in herbivorous insects. The potential for local maladaptation in phytophagous insects, however, has not been widely considered. I performed a two-generation reciprocal cross-transplant experiment with the generalist soft scale insect Saissetia coffeae (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on two common species of host plants in rain forest habitat in Costa Rica. In this system, S. coffeae showed significant local maladaptation at the level of the host species. Lineages originally collected from Witheringia enjoyed a strong advantage over those collected from Lomariopsis when both sets of lineages were placed on Lomariopsis; however, when both sets of lineages were raised on Witheringia, their fitnesses were statistically indistinguishable. While some aspects of the biology of S. coffeae may impair its ability to adapt to local selection pressures, scale insects are often locally adapted on fine spatial scales, and local maladaptation is therefore especially surprising. Other documented cases of local maladaptation in parasites appear to be due to evolution on the part of the host. The possibility that hosts or natural enemies may place local genotypes at a disadvantage, producing a pattern of local maladaptation, is one that deserves more consideration in the context of plant-insect interactions.
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maternal effects in the soft scale insect Saissetia coffeae hemiptera coccidae
Evolution, 2004Co-Authors: Brian W SpitzerAbstract:Effects of maternal environment on offspring performance have been documented frequently in herbivorous insects. Despite this, very few cases exist in which exposure of parent insects to a resource causes the phenotype of their offspring to be adjusted in a manner that is adaptive for that resource, a phenomenon called adaptive transgenerational phenotypic plasticity. I performed a two-generation reciprocal cross-transplant experiment in the field with the soft scale insect Saissetia coffeae (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on two disparate host plant species in order to separate genetic effects from possible transgenerational plasticity. Despite striking differences in quality between host species, maternal host had no effect on overall offspring performance, and I detected no "acclimatization" to the maternal host species. However, there was a significant negative association between maternal and offspring development times, with potentially adaptive implications. Furthermore, offspring of mothers reared in an environment where scale densities were higher and scales were more frequently killed by fungi were significantly less likely to suffer from fungal attack than were offspring of mothers reared in an environment where densities were low and fungal attack was rare. Although S. coffeae does not appear to alter offspring phenotype to increase offspring fitness on these two distinct plant species, it does appear that offspring phenotype may be responding to some subtler aspects of maternal environment. In particular, the possibility of induced transgenerational prophylaxis in S. coffeae deserves further investigation.
Shaaban Abd-rabou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Coccophagus scutellaris (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae): A Highly Effective Biological Control Agent of Soft Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Egypt
Psyche: A Journal of Entomology, 2011Co-Authors: Shaaban Abd-rabouAbstract:About 953000 individuals of the cosmopolitan parasitoid, Coccophagus scutellaris (Dalman) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), were released and evaluated during 2009-2010 for the control of the following soft scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccidae) infesting the following economic crops in Egypt: Ceroplastes rusci on citrus in Beni Seuf, Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock on citrus in Gharbiya, Coccus hesperidum L. on guava in Giza, Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood) on mango in Sharqiya, Pulvinaria psidii Maskell on mango in Ismailia, Saissetia coffeae (Walker) on olive in Marsa Matruh, and Saissetia oleae (Oliver) on olive in the Northern Coast. The population of C. scutellaris showed a significant correlation with the build up of the population of the soft scale insects population in all of the release sites studied. The maximum rate of parasitism of the other species of parasitoids associated with soft scale insects at the release sites decreased after the release of C. scutellaris.
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Importation, colonization and establishment of Coccophagus cowperi Gir. (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on Saissetia coffeae (Walk.)(Homoptera: Coccidae) in Egypt
Journal of Pest Science, 2005Co-Authors: Shaaban Abd-rabouAbstract:The hemispherical soft scale, Saissetia coffeae (Walker) (Homoptera: Coccidae), is one of the most important pests attacking olive trees in Egypt. During the period 2001–2003, a total of about 300,000 individuals of the parasitoid Coccophagus cowperi Girault (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), obtained from India, was released at 35 sites for the biological control of S.coffeae on olive trees in Egypt. The maximum parasitism rates reached 53 and 62%, while average parasitism rates were 17.2 and 30.8% in the Marsy Mattrouh and El-Arish locations, respectively. These results indicate establishment of this parasitoid on this important economic plant in Egypt.
Noha Ahmed - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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SURVEY OF SUBORDER STERNORRHYNCHA (HEMIPTERA) INFESTING OLIVE TREES AT GIZA GOVERNORATE WITH EMPHASIS ON POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE SOFT BROWN SCALE, Saissetia coffeae (HEMIPTERA: COCCIDAE)
Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research, 2017Co-Authors: Mamdoh M. Elsebaay, Noha AhmedAbstract:suborder Sternorrhyncha (Hemiptera) are the major pests infested olive orchards in Egypt. Recently, the soft brown scale, Saissetia coffee (Walker) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) is one of the most important pests on olive trees. The aim of the present work is to study a survey of Suborder Sternorrhyncha infesting olive trees in Egypt with emphasis on population dynamics of the soft brown scale, S. coffee and its natural enemies. A survey of Suborder Sternorrhyncha on olive trees was carried out during 2014 -2016. The results indicate that the olive trees were infested by 22 insect species. Also, population dynamics of the soft brown scale, S. coffeae and it´s natural enemies was carried out at Giza Governorate during 2015 and 2016. During this work the soft brown scale has two activity preiods. Four species of parasitiods and five predators were recorded and collected from concerned specimens under investigation. Parasitiods are Coccophagus scutellaris (Dalman) (Hymenoptera : Aphelinidae), Metaphycus helvolus (Compere), Metaphycus zebratus (Mercet) and Diversinervus elegans Silvestri (Hymenoptera : Encyrtidae) and the species of predators: Chilocorus bipustulatus L. , Exochomus flavipes Thunb and Scymnus syriacus Marseul (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).; Orius laevigatus Fieb. (Hemiptera : Anthocoridae) and Chrysoperlla carnae Steph (Neuroptera : Chrysopidae). The dominant natural enemy, C. scutellaris occurred during all seasons, the maximum parasitism was in October 1st and September 1st during the first and second year, respectively.
D N Yadav - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mass rearing technique of eublemma scitula ramb lepidoptera noctuidae an important predator of brown scale Saissetia coffeae walker
Journal of Biological Control, 2003Co-Authors: S K Pathak, D N YadavAbstract:Three different methods were tried to find out suitable laboratory technique for mass rearing of Eublemma scitula Ramb. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) an important predator of brown scale insect Saissetia coffeae Walker (Homoptera: Coccidae) a serious pest of pointed gourd, Trichosanthes dioica Roxb in and around Anand, Gujarat. Out of these rearing methods, namely, a) on pointed gourd leaves, b) on green potato sprouts and c) on pumpkin fruits, the method c), which involved either releasing E. scitula eggs (c 1) or larvae (c 2) on pumpkin fruit with growing scale population was observed to be the best for mass rearing of the predator with seed to yield ratio of 1: 0.63 and 1: 0.73 in c 1 and c 2, respectively. On an average, 69.4 and 73 pupae could be produced in methods c 1 and c 2, respectively. from a single pumpkin in a single generation of the scale, within two months (October to November). The technique was found to be suitable for mass rearing of E. scitula to augment the predator during June July for suppression of the host S. coffeae at its initial stage of infestation. Limitations observed in other methods of rearing were described.
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biology of eublemma scitula ramb lepidoptera noctuidae a predator of brown scale Saissetia coffeae wlk homoptera coccidae infesting pointed gourd trichosanthes dioica roxb
Journal of entomological research, 2000Co-Authors: S K Pathak, D N YadavAbstract:The biology of Eublemma scitula Ramb, an important predator of scale insect, Suissetia coffeae Wlk., a serious pest of pointed gourd was studied at Anand campus of Gujarat Agricultural University during 1985 and 1986. Eggs of the predator were laid singly and hatched in 4–6 days. The average incubation period during winter, summer and under controlled conditions (26.7°C ± 1.1°C and 63.67% relative humidity) were 5.29, 4.80 and 4.95, respectively. The durations of three larval instars at 26.7°C ± 1.1°C and 63.45 per cent R.H. were 4.1, 4.4 and 11.7 days, respectively. At ambient temperature during winter and summer, the durations were 4.5, 4.7, 11.8; and 3.2, 3.3, 9.1 days, respectively. All the larval stages were predatory on scale insect and consumed on an average 18.05 mature female scales, the maximum being 22 during the larval period. There was a short prepupal stage of 3.7 days at 26.7°C ± 1.1°C and 65.40 per cent R.H. During winter and summer, the average prepupal period was 5.7 and 3.3 days, respectively. The average pupal period at 26.7°C ± 1.1°C and 65.91 per cent relative humidity was 10.9 days. During winter and summer, the pupal period was 17.1 and 13.6 days, respectively. The predator was found to undergo hibernation in its prepupal stage during November–December and remained quiescent until March–April. The adults are small sized moths, highly pigmented on their forewi.ngs, more in female. The female and male with their wing expansion measure 15 to 18 mm and 13.5 to 16.5 mm, respectively. The sex ratio in the laboratory conditions was 1:0.96 (male: female), while it was 1:0.94 in the field condition. The average pre-oviposition, oviposition and postcoviposition periods were 1.2 ± 0.107, 4.4 ± 0.445 and 2.5 ± 0.363 days, respectively. The maximum fecundity was 195 with an average of 91.73 ± 14.70. The average longevity of ovipositing female was 8 ± 0.61 days and 7.2 ± 0.43 days in male. The entire life cycle was completed in 58.25 and 45.96 days for the fcmale, and 57.59 and 44.01 days for the male during winter and summer, respectively. This suggests that the development is delayed at low temperature in winter than the summer. In controlled conditions, it was 48.50 and 46.91 days for female and male, respectively. No hyper parasite was recorded on Eublemma in this area.
Boertjes B.c. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Inventarisatie problemen met wol-, schild- en dopluizen in bloemisterijgewassen : literatuurstudie, praktijkinventarisatie en bestrijdingsproeven
Praktijkonderzoek Plant & Omgeving Business Unit Glastuinbouw, 2003Co-Authors: Boertjes B.c., Fransen J.j., Berg Van Den, T.j.m., Kok L., Overdevest B.a.m.Abstract:Veel van de in kassen voorkomende wol-, dop- en schildluizen tasten een breed scala aan siergewassen aan, zoals potplanten en kuipplanten, maar ook snijbloemen. De meest voorkomende wolluis in Nederlandse kassen is de citruswolluis, Planococcus citri. Daarnaast komen onder andere de langstaartwolluis, Pseudococcus longispinus, en de kortstaartwolluis, Pseudococcus viburni, voor. Wat betreft schildluizen zijn het vooral schildluizen in cymbidium, dit waren Boisduval schildluis, Diaspis boisduvalii, en Oleander schildluis, Aspidiotus nerii. Een dopluis-soort die tijdens de inventarisatie werd aangetroffen was de platte dopluis, Coccus hesperidum. Andere regelmatig voorkomende soorten in Nederlandse kassen zijn de halvebol-dopluis, Saissetia coffeae, en Saissetia oleae. In dit rapport wordt, na een beschrijving van de levenswijze van wol-, dop en schildluizen, de belangrijkste soorten apart besproken. Naast een literatuuronderzoek en een inventarisatie onder telers is onderzoek gedaan naar entomopathogene schimmels voor de bestrijding van dop- en schilluizen, chemische bestrijding van wolluis, chemische bestrijding van schildluis en biologische bestrijding van schildluis. De meest geschikte methode voor de praktijk lijkt een teelt waarbij het ene jaar gewas wordt opgebouwd en in mei en juni wordt gesnoeid, zodat in het tweede jaar veel bloemen worden geoogst. Een goede nachtvorstbescherming is dan zeer noodzakelijk
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Inventarisatie problemen met wol-, schild- en dopluizen in bloemisterijgewassen
Praktijkonderzoek Plant & Omgeving Business Unit Glastuinbouw, 2003Co-Authors: Boertjes B.c., Fransen J.j., Marissen N.Abstract:Als gevolg van het toenemend internationaal verkeer van plantmateriaal worden de risico’s op aantastingen door wol-, dop- en schildluizen groter. Daarbij komt dat breedwerkende middelen steeds minder gebruikt worden bij een verdere doorvoering van geïntegreerde bestrijding van gangbare plagen en door het verdwijnen van middelen. Hierdoor worden plagen die vroeger in het schema van breedwerkende middelen vanzelf werden meegenomen, opeens zichtbaar. Bestrijding van deze plagen vormt een bottleneck in de geïntegreerde bestrijding omdat tegen deze hardnekkige insecten momenteel alleen breedwerkende middelen voorhanden zijn. Daarnaast is het bestrijdingsresultaat van deze middelen vaak onvoldoende, waardoor ze frequent toegepast worden. PPO Glastuinbouw voerde een inventarisatie uit van de aanwezige soorten wol-, dop- en schildluizen en mate van schade en mogelijkheden van biologische en chemische bestrijdingsmethoden. Het project met de titel “Inventarisatie problemen met wol-, schild- en dopluizen” is gefinancierd door het Productschap Tuinbouw. Om na te gaan welke soorten problemen geven is een oproep gedaan in nieuwsbrieven van diverse LTO-gewasgroepen om wol-, dop- en schildluisproblemen te melden. Tevens werd verzocht materiaal voor opkweek en determinatie op te sturen naar het PPO. Naar aanleiding daarvan zijn meerdere inzendingen van materiaal binnengekomen. De wol-, dop- en schildluizen behoren tot de grote groep van plantensapzuigende insecten en zijn verwant aan wittevliegen en bladluizen. Kenmerkend is dat deze insecten zich veelal ‘te voet’ verplaatsen, want er komen geen gevleugelde vrouwtjes voor. Wel zijn de mannetjes vrijwel altijd gevleugeld. Verspreiding over grotere afstand vindt plaats door middel van wind, vogels, andere insecten, plantmateriaal en via kleding. Tekenen van aantasting zijn het glimmend worden van bladeren door honingdauw dat door wolluizen en dopluizen geproduceerd wordt, en groeiremming, bladverkleuring en misvorming. Veel van de in kassen voorkomende wol-, dop- en schildluizen tasten een breed scala aan siergewassen aan, waaronder potplanten (o.a. palmen, schefflera, croton, ficus, kalanchoë) en kuipplanten (camelia, oleander, eucalyptus, bougainville), maar ook snijbloemen zoals bijvoorbeeld roos en cymbidium. De meest voorkomende wolluis in Nederlandse kassen is de citruswolluis, Planococcus citri. Daarnaast komen onder andere de langstaartwolluis, Pseudococcus longispinus, en de kortstaartwolluis, Pseudococcus viburni, voor. Wat betreft schildluizen hadden de meeste inzendingen naar het PPO betrekking op schildluizen in cymbidium en de soorten die daar op voorkwamen waren Boisduval schildluis, Diaspis boisduvalii, en Oleander schildluis, Aspidiotus nerii. Een dopluis soort die tijdens de inventarisatie werd aangetroffen was de platte dopluis, Coccus hesperidum. Andere regelmatig voorkomende soorten in Nederlandse kassen zijn de halveboldopluis, Saissetia coffeae, en Saissetia oleae. Na een beschrijving van de levenswijze van wol-, dop en schildluizen, worden de belangrijkste soorten wol-, dop- en schildluizen apart besproken. Momenteel worden wol-, dop- en schildluizen veelvuldig biologisch bestreden in kantoortuinen en binnentuinen van zwembaden, dierentuinen en kassen bij botanische tuinen. De resultaten van biologische bestrijding zijn voor deze toepassingsgebieden over het algemeen goed, maar dit zijn nog geen productiekassen. Naast een literatuuronderzoek en een inventarisatie onder telers is onderzoek gedaan naar entomopathogene schimmels voor de bestrijding van dop- en schilluizen, chemische bestrijding van wolluis, chemische bestrijding van schildluis en biologische bestrijding van schildluis. De drie laatst genoemde onderzoeken worden in aparte delen van dit verslag beschreven. Voor een samenvatting van deze onderzoeken wordt verwezen naar het betreffende deel
