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Patrick F Dowd - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Suitability of Commercially Available Insect Traps and Pheromones for Monitoring Dusky Sap Beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) and Related Insects in Bt Sweet Corn
Journal of economic entomology, 2005Co-Authors: Patrick F DowdAbstract:Two trap types and pheromone sources for the dusky Sap Beetle, Carpophilus lugubris Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), were compared in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and non-Bt sweet corn fields over a 3-yr period. Overall, commercial traps and pheromones were equally effective as experimental traps and pheromones used previously for capturing C. lugubris and other Sap Beetle species. The commercial trap often caught significantly more Glischrochilus quadrisignatus Say than the experimental trap that had been used in previous studies. Bt corn significantly reduced caterpillar damage to ears compared with the non-Bt isoline and did not adversely affect levels of Orius sp., the most common insect predator. Sap Beetle damage was the most common insect damage to Bt sweet corn ears. Sap Beetles were detected by traps at population levels below that which are likely to cause economic concern, indicating commercially available traps and pheromone lures for monitoring Sap Beetles should be suitable for detecting them under commercial growing conditions.
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Autodissemination of Beauveria bassiana by Sap Beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) to overwintering sites.
Biocontrol Science and Technology, 2003Co-Authors: Patrick F Dowd, Fernando E. VegaAbstract:An autoinoculativ ed evice was used to test the ability of Sap Beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) to carry a specific strain of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin to overwintering sites in a multiyear field study. The device was baited with the pheromone and coattractants for the dusky Sap Beetle (Carpophilus lugubris Murray) and placed in the field in the fall of each year. The introduced strain occurred at high frequency among the B. bassiana isolated in the fall of all four years tested (100% of all isolates from 21 of 22 collection dates). The introduced strain of B. bassiana was isolated at high frequency from all the B. bassiana-contaminated Sap Beetles recovered from the overwintering traps (100% of all isolates from 13 of 23 trap/Beetle species combinations) and was highest after the longest fall exposure. The introduced strain was primarily isolated from C. lugubris and C. antiquus, but species distribution was also dependent on the overwintering trap design used. Few non-Sap Beetles species of insects were recovered from the artificial overwintering sites. Although B. bassiana was isolated from free flying Sap Beetles caught in traps in the spring of each year, none were infected with the introduced strain. The autoinoculating device provides selective contamination of Sap Beetles in overwintering sites when used in the fall. It may be useful in providing some control of Sap Beetles or other insects where limited numbers of mass overwintering sites (such as tree holes) occur.
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Dusky Sap Beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) and Other Kernel Damaging Insects in Bt and Non-Bt Sweet Corn in Illinois
Journal of economic entomology, 2000Co-Authors: Patrick F DowdAbstract:Bt and non-Bt sweet corn hybrids (Rogers 'Empire' Bt and non-Bt, respectively) were compared for distribution of kernel damaging insect pests in central Illinois in 1998 and 1999. The occurrence and damage by caterpillars [primarily Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)] were reduced by at least 80% in each year for the Bt compared with the non-Bt hybrid. However, the incidence of Sap Beetle adults (primarily Carpophilus lugubris Murray) was higher, and larvae, lower for the Bt versus non-Bt in 1999. The incidence of ears with more than five kernels damaged by Sap Beetles was higher for the Bt compared with non-Bt hybrid in 1998 (13.8 versus 5.5%), but nearly equivalent in 1999 (15.3 versus 15.1%, respectively). Distribution of predators on plants (primarily Coccinelidae) and harvested ears (primarily Orius spp.) were not significantly different on Bt versus non-Bt hybrids. Ears with husks flush with the ear tip or with ear tips exposed had significantly higher Sap Beetle damage for both hybrids, and the Bt hybrids had significantly higher incidence of exposed ear tips in both years. Sap Beetle numbers determined by scouting were often proportional to numbers of Beetles captured in baited traps, increasing and decreasing at about the same time. However, values determined with traps were typically less variable than when scouted, and time of sampling was typically four times more rapid for each trap than for each 10 plant scout sample when measured in 1999.
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Multiacreage Evaluation of Aerially Applied Adherent Malathion Granules for Selective Insect Control and Indirect Reduction of Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Specialty Corn
Journal of economic entomology, 2000Co-Authors: Patrick F Dowd, R. L. Pingel, D. Ruhl, B. S. Shasha, Robert W. Behle, D. R. Penland, Michael R. Mcguire, E. J. FaronAbstract:Aerially applied adherent corn flour granules containing 1% malathion were more often as, or more, effective than 15% chlorpyrifos (Lorsban 15G) granules in controlling caterpillars and Sap Beetles in high amylose corn in 1997 than 1996. Use of malathion granules corresponding closely in size to chlorpyrifos granules in the second year of the study apparently increased relative efficacy. Significantly less corn borer damage occurred on plants (1996) or ears (1997) within 2 wk of application for both types of insecticide granules compared with untreated plots. In 1997, there were sixfold fewer milk stage ears with more than 20 kernels damaged per ear in the malathion-treated plots compared with chlorpyrifos-treated plots, and severity of caterpillar damage was also less in malathion versus chlorpyrifos-treated plots at harvest. Control of Beetles (corn rootworm adults and Sap Beetles) for both treatments was less effective compared with caterpillars. Significant corn rootworm adult control was noted for both chlorpyrifos and malathion in 1996 and significant Sap Beetle control was noted for the malathion granules in 1997. Significantly fewer live lady Beetles, and more dead lady Beetles were present in chlorpyrifos-treated plots compared with malathion-treated or untreated plots in 1996. The incidence and severity of Fusarium mold on ears at harvest was often indirectly reduced by both malathion treatments and chlorpyrifos treatments, with the malathion treatment significantly better than the chlorpyrifos treatment in one case.
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Relative Toxicity of the Maize Endosperm Ribosome-Inactivating Protein to Insects
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1998Co-Authors: Patrick F Dowd, And Ashwin D. Mehta, Rebecca S. BostonAbstract:The relative toxicity of proenzyme and protease-activated forms of maize seed ribosome-inactivating protein (b-32) to several insect species was determined. Only the protease-activated form had significant toxicity to any caterpillars when fed in diets at 1 mg/g of diet. Activity ranged from 70% mortality to cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) to no effect to Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella). Neither form of the protein showed activity against larvae of the Freeman Sap Beetle, (Carpophilus freemani). However, the proenzyme and protease-activated forms were approximately equally deterrent in choice assays to other Sap Beetles and maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais), with relative feeding rates reduced by up to 6-fold. Because this protein can naturally occur at the 1 mg/g endosperm range in the endosperm of Opaque-2 (normal) plants versus 2 orders of magnitude lower in opaque-2 mutants, it is likely that this RIP plays a natural defensive role against insects. However, some insects appear to have adapted to this protein.
Jennifer Juzwik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Seasonal and Regional Distributions, Degree-Day Models, and Phoresy Rates of the Major Sap Beetle (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) Vectors of the Oak Wilt Fungus, Bretziella fagacearum, in Wisconsin.
Environmental entomology, 2018Co-Authors: Stephanie M Jagemann, Jennifer Juzwik, Patrick C. Tobin, Kenneth F. RaffaAbstract:Oak wilt is a lethal disease caused by the invasive fungus Bretziella fagacearum, which is transmitted belowground via root grafts and aboveground by Sap Beetles (Nitidulidae). Attempts to limit spread and impact of B. fagacearum emphasize limiting harvesting and pruning to periods of vector inactivity. However, there is limited information on Sap Beetle activity periods, responses to temperature, and phoresy frequencies of fungi. We sampled two major vectors in Wisconsin, Colopterus truncatus and Carpophilus sayi, for 2 yr to quantify their seasonal and geographic abundances. Trapping was performed in 12 oak stands, and Beetles were assayed for B. fagacearum. C. truncatus was captured from March until November, peaking during April and May. C. sayi was captured from April until November, peaking in May and July. Relative abundances (N = 15,980) were 59.3% C. truncatus and 40.7% C. sayi. C. sayi was more abundant in southern Wisconsin, whereas C. truncatus was more evenly distributed. Both species were present at asymptomatic sites. All sites with oak wilt centers yielded Beetles with viable fungal propagules, with the frequency of association ranging from 1 to 50%. Sites asymptomatic for oak wilt contained both Beetle species, but no vector-borne viable pathogen. Degree-day models were constructed to improve the generality of these results and estimate cumulative emergences across a latitudinal range over the previous 10-yr means and extremes. Because activity by C. truncatus and C. sayi spans the seasonal activities of oak wilt vectors, these results can help guide oak management practices.
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Seasonal dispersal of the oak wilt fungus by Colopterus truncatus and Carpophilus sayi in Minnesota
Plant disease, 2005Co-Authors: Angie K. Ambourn, Jennifer Juzwik, Roger D. MoonAbstract:Ambourn, A. K., Juzwik, J., and Moon, R. D. 2005. Seasonal dispersal of the oak wilt fungus by Colopterus truncatus and Carpophilus sayi in Minnesota. Plant Dis. 89:1067-1076. Sap Beetles (Nitidulidae) are considered important overland vectors of the oak wilt pathogen, Ceratocystis fagacearum, in the north central United States. Colopterus truncatus and Carpophilus sayi are thought to be the principal Sap Beetle vectors in Minnesota. Field studies using windoriented funnel traps baited with aggregation pheromones of the insects were conducted during 2 years in east central Minnesota. The studies compared temporal flight dynamics of Colopterus truncatus and Carpophilus sayi from April through October, measured the proportion of dispersing adults of each species carrying viable pathogen propagules, and estimated the populations of contaminated dispersing Beetles in oak (Quercus spp.) stands with and without oak wilt. Abundance of Colopterus truncatus peaked in either April or May, but the pathogen was most frequently isolated (20 to 45%) from Beetles obtained from oak wilt sites from July through September. However, the highest contaminated insect population (CIP) generally occurred during April and May. Abundance of Carpophilus sayi peaked in October of both years, but the pathogen was most commonly isolated from Beetles collected during May and June. The CIP was highest in June. The infective insect potential, as indexed by CIP, was greatest for both species in the spring and was greater for Colopterus truncatus than for Carpophilus sayi.
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Sap Beetle species coleoptera nitidulidae visiting fresh wounds on healthy oaks during spring in minnesota
Forest Science, 2004Co-Authors: Jennifer Juzwik, Thomas C Skalbeck, Marc F NeumanAbstract:Many species of Sap Beetles have been implicated as vectors of the oak wilt pathogen, (Ceratocystis fagacearum), but the species responsible for most aboveground transmission of the fungus is unknown. The abundance of adult Sap Beetle species inhab- iting 95% were Colopterus truncatus and Carpophilus sayi. C. fagacearum was isolated from 75% of 594 adults assayed for the fungus. The average number of viable propagules for pooled data of individuals of each species ranged from
Sap Beetle species. These results, when coupled with previous findings on predominant species associated with oak wilt fungi mats, support the hypothesis that Co. truncatus and Ca. sayi are the principal Sap Beetle species transmitting C. fagacearum from diseased to healthy oaks in Minnesota. FOR. SCI. 50(6):757-764. -
Sap Beetle species (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) visiting fresh wounds on healthy oaks during spring in Minnesota
Forest Science, 2004Co-Authors: Jennifer Juzwik, Thomas C Skalbeck, Marc F NeumanAbstract:Many species of Sap Beetles have been implicated as vectors of the oak wilt pathogen, (Ceratocystis fagacearum), but the species responsible for most aboveground transmission of the fungus is unknown. The abundance of adult Sap Beetle species inhab- iting 95% were Colopterus truncatus and Carpophilus sayi. C. fagacearum was isolated from 75% of 594 adults assayed for the fungus. The average number of viable propagules for pooled data of individuals of each species ranged from
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Semiochemical-Mediated Flight Responses of Sap Beetle Vectors of Oak Wilt, Ceratocystis fagacearum
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2002Co-Authors: John F. Kyhl, Robert J. Bartelt, Jennifer Juzwik, Allard Cossé, Steven J. SeyboldAbstract:The Sap Beetle, Colopterus truncatus (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), is one of the primary vectors of the oak wilt pathogen, Ceratocystis fagacearum , in the north-central United States. Field behavioral assays utilizing various release rates and blends of three methyl-branched hydrocarbon aggregation pheromone components showed that flight responses of this Beetle were similar in Illinois and Minnesota populations. In both locations, both sexes of the Beetle responded synergistically to a combination of the three-component pheromone and fermenting whole-wheat bread dough. Further, Colopterus truncatus preferred a high release rate over a low release rate of the three-component blend. In both locations, the response of C. truncatus to a simplified version of the pheromone consisting of (2 E ,4 E ,6 E )-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatriene ( 1 ) and (2 E ,4 E ,6 E ,8 E )-3,5,7-trimethyl-2,4,6,8-decatetraene ( 3 ) was not significantly different from the response to the three-component blend. An experiment in Illinois with all possible combinations of the components demonstrated that the decatetraene ( 3 ) was the crucial component in the blend; of all treatments, the maximal response was elicited by 3 + dough. Chipped bark, phloem, and xylem from northern pin oak, Quercus ellipsoidalis , was not attractive to C. truncatus in Minnesota. During a weekly survey over two seasons in Minnesota, C. truncatus flew in response to the three-component pheromone between early April and early July, with the maximum responses coming on May 4, 2000 and April 20, 2001. During both years, more than 98% of the Beetles were trapped between April 14 and June 1. During the same survey, Glischrochilus spp. (Nitidulidae) flew during longer periods of the summer, particularly in 2001. The sex ratio of C. truncatus responding during all experiments was female-biased (1.8:1, female–male), which is characteristic of other male-produced coleopteran aggregation pheromones. Other Sap Beetles that play a minor role in the pathobiology of C. fagacearum also responded in experiments conducted in Minnesota. Carpophilus brachypterus Say was cross-attracted to the two- and three-component blends of the C. truncatus pheromone and dough, whereas two Glischrochilus spp. were attracted to all treatments that contained dough.
Paolo Audisio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Carpophilus zeaphilus, a new Sap Beetle species acclimatized in Italy (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)
2016Co-Authors: Paolo Audisio, Pierluigi Scaramozzino, Simone Sabatelli, Emiliano Mancini, Andrew Richard ClineAbstract:Carpophilus zeaphilus Dobson, 1969 (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae, Carpophilinae) is an Afrotropical species that has become widespread in Sub-Saharan Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and southern Mediterranean areas in recent years. The species was first recorded from Eu-rope in Portugal and Spain nearly thirty years ago, and it was later intercepted in Sicily near Trapani in 1991. A few specimens of this species were collected in April, 2015 in a sparsely forested area near Rome, which suggests a recent acclimatization into peninsular Italy. Specimens were taken on flowering trees of Prunus spinosa L. (Rosaceae), an unusual occurrence for most introduced species of Carpo-philinae that are normally associated with rotten fruit and other decomposing vegetal matter. Key words: Carpophilus zeaphilus, alien species, acclimatization, Italy, anthophagy. Carpophilus Stephens, 1830 is a widespread and species-rich genus of Nitidulidae in the subfamily Carpophilinae. The genus is composed of a few hundred taxa worldwi-de, with most species distributed in tropical and subtro-pical countries (Audisio 1993). Species are frequently as-sociated with rotten vegetal material, chiefly rotten fruits and stored products (Hinton 1945, Ewing & Cline 2005)
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Unraveling cryptic species diversity in an aposematic Sap Beetle genus (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Cryptarchinae) from northern Europe
Insect Systematics & Evolution, 2016Co-Authors: Tom Clayhills, Andrew R Cline, Paolo Audisio, Emiliano Mancini, Marco Trizzino, Simone SabatelliAbstract:The Saproxylic Sap Beetle Glischrochilus ( Glischrochilus ) quadripunctatus (Linnaeus, 1758), is associated with subcortical habitats of coniferous trees. This species is widely distributed across Europe and Siberia, and is the best known and largest European nitidulid species. A closely related cryptic species, G. ( G. ) tremulae sp. nov. has been discovered in a xerothermic area of SE Finland in association with old aspens. The two species exhibit a sympatric occurrence in SE Finland, on their respective host trees. We analyze the COI barcode region to compare G. ( G. ) quadripunctatus , G. ( G. ) tremulae sp. nov. , and G. (Librodor) hortensis (Fourcroy, 1785). Morphological, ecological, and molecular data confirm the presence in SE Finland of two Glischrochilus s.str. species. We provide a description of the new species. The new Glischrochilus apparently represents a relictual taxon associated with old hollow aspens, and should be considered a species with inherent conservation value within European Saproxylic Beetle communities.
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SapROXYLIC Sap Beetle FOR THE ITALIAN FAUNA
2015Co-Authors: Paolo Audisio, Ro Campanaro, Stefano ChiariAbstract:introduction The Sap Beetle Epuraea deubeli Reitter, 1898 (fig. 1) is a rare Euro-pean Sap-Beetle, known from several countries of Northern, Central, E
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Carpophilus zeaphilus, a new Sap Beetle species acclimatized in Italy (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae).
Fragmenta Entomologica, 2015Co-Authors: Paolo Audisio, Pierluigi Scaramozzino, Simone Sabatelli, Emiliano Mancini, Andrew R ClineAbstract:Carpophilus zeaphilus Dobson, 1969 (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae, Carpophilinae) is an Afrotropical species that has become widespread in Sub-Saharan Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and southern Mediterranean areas in recent years. The species was first recorded from Europe in Portugal and Spain nearly thirty years ago, and it was later intercepted in Sicily near Trapani in 1991. A few specimens of this species were collected in April, 2015 in a sparsely forested area near Rome, which suggests a recent acclimatization into peninsular Italy. Specimens were taken on flowering trees of Prunus spinosa L. (Rosaceae), an unusual occurrence for most introduced species of Carpophilinae that are normally associated with rotten fruit and other decomposing vegetal matter.
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a scientific note on rapid host shift of the invasive dusky Sap Beetle carpophilus lugubris in italian beehives new commensal or potential threat for european apiculture
Apidologie, 2014Co-Authors: Paolo Audisio, Francesca Marini, Franco Mutinelli, Fabrizio Montarsi, Enzo Gatti, Alessandro Campanaro, Andrew R ClineAbstract:Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Lazio e Toscana, Laboratorio di Parassitologia e Sorveglianza Entomologica, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy MIPAAF-National Forest Service, Ufficio Territoriale per la Biodiversita di Belluno, Via Gregorio XVI 8, 32100 Belluno, Italy Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, NRL for Beekeeping, Viale dell’Universita 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy California Department of Food & Agriculture, Plant Pest Diagnostics Center, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832-1448, USA
Robert J. Bartelt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Semiochemical-Mediated Flight Responses of Sap Beetle Vectors of Oak Wilt, Ceratocystis fagacearum
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2002Co-Authors: John F. Kyhl, Robert J. Bartelt, Jennifer Juzwik, Allard Cossé, Steven J. SeyboldAbstract:The Sap Beetle, Colopterus truncatus (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), is one of the primary vectors of the oak wilt pathogen, Ceratocystis fagacearum , in the north-central United States. Field behavioral assays utilizing various release rates and blends of three methyl-branched hydrocarbon aggregation pheromone components showed that flight responses of this Beetle were similar in Illinois and Minnesota populations. In both locations, both sexes of the Beetle responded synergistically to a combination of the three-component pheromone and fermenting whole-wheat bread dough. Further, Colopterus truncatus preferred a high release rate over a low release rate of the three-component blend. In both locations, the response of C. truncatus to a simplified version of the pheromone consisting of (2 E ,4 E ,6 E )-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatriene ( 1 ) and (2 E ,4 E ,6 E ,8 E )-3,5,7-trimethyl-2,4,6,8-decatetraene ( 3 ) was not significantly different from the response to the three-component blend. An experiment in Illinois with all possible combinations of the components demonstrated that the decatetraene ( 3 ) was the crucial component in the blend; of all treatments, the maximal response was elicited by 3 + dough. Chipped bark, phloem, and xylem from northern pin oak, Quercus ellipsoidalis , was not attractive to C. truncatus in Minnesota. During a weekly survey over two seasons in Minnesota, C. truncatus flew in response to the three-component pheromone between early April and early July, with the maximum responses coming on May 4, 2000 and April 20, 2001. During both years, more than 98% of the Beetles were trapped between April 14 and June 1. During the same survey, Glischrochilus spp. (Nitidulidae) flew during longer periods of the summer, particularly in 2001. The sex ratio of C. truncatus responding during all experiments was female-biased (1.8:1, female–male), which is characteristic of other male-produced coleopteran aggregation pheromones. Other Sap Beetles that play a minor role in the pathobiology of C. fagacearum also responded in experiments conducted in Minnesota. Carpophilus brachypterus Say was cross-attracted to the two- and three-component blends of the C. truncatus pheromone and dough, whereas two Glischrochilus spp. were attracted to all treatments that contained dough.
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Attraction of a Flying Nitidulid (Carpophilus humeralis) to Volatiles Produced by Yeasts Grown on Sweet Corn and a Corn-Based Medium
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1998Co-Authors: M. J. R. Nout, Robert J. BarteltAbstract:Attraction to microbial volatiles was examined for the Sap Beetle, Carpophilus humeralis, which is a pest of maize. Using 54 pure yeast and bacterial cultures, we evaluated differences in volatile emissions among species of microorganisms and whether these differences were associated with insect attraction. On a sterile corn-based medium, both yeasts and bacteria generally multiplied well and produced detectable volatile metabolites. The yeasts ranged from inactive to highly attractive, but no bacterial cultures attracted Beetles above control levels. A variety of alcohols, esters, ketones, acids, and phenolic compounds were identified from the headspace above yeast cultures. Growth, volatile production, and, ultimately, attractiveness to Beetles depend strongly on the ability of the yeasts to assimilate and/or ferment the carbohydrates present. Abundant volatile production on sweet corn was observed only with yeasts that are able to ferment sucrose and/or maltrose. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ferments glucose, sucrose, and maltose) and Candida shehatae (ferments glucose and maltose) produced considerably more attractive volatiles than Candida guilliermondii, which only ferments glucose. Yeast volatiles important for Beetle attraction included typical fermentation-associated substances (ethanol, acetaldehyde, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 1-propanol, ethyl acetate, 3-methyl-1-butanol and 2-methyl-1-butanol), and also 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, whose presence was not correlated with the occurrence of fermentation. Using aqueous mixtures of synthetic components that produced headspace compositions simulating those of attractive yeasts, it was shown that the typical fermentation volatiles are attractive but not essential for attractiveness. 3-Hydroxyl-2-butanone is sufficient but not necessary, although its attractiveness is enhanced by the presence of fermentation volatiles such as ethanol and 2-methyl-1-proponol. In nature, the Beetles could take advantage of a variety of different microbial metabolic processes to locate hosts. The laboratory bioaasays in this study involved flight and therefore were particularly relevant to host-finding behavior in the field.
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Aggregation pheromone of Australian Sap Beetle,Carpophilus davidsoni (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae).
Journal of chemical ecology, 1994Co-Authors: Robert J. Bartelt, David G. JamesAbstract:A male-produced aggregation pheromone was identified for the Australian Sap Beetle,Carpophilus davidsoni Dobson (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), by bioassay-guided fractionation of volatiles collected from feeding Beetles. The most abundant components were: (2E,4E,6E)-5-ethyl-3-methyl-2,4,6-nonatriene, (3E,5E,7E)-6-ethyl-4-methyl-3,5,7-decatriene, (2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,5,7-trimethyl-2,4,6,8-undecatetraene, and (2E,4E,6E,8E)-7-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6,8-undecatetraene. The relative abundance of these components in collections from individual males feeding on artificial diet was 100:7:9:31, respectively. Pheromone production began within several days after males were placed onto diet medium and continued for at least 20 weeks. Peak production was >3 µg total pheromone per male per day. Males in groups of 50–60 emitted less pheromone (the peak level was 0.09 µg per Beetle per day), and the emissions from groups contained relatively little tetraene (proportions of the components listed above were 100:7:2:7, respectively). Three additional trienes and one additional tetraene were identified in minor amounts; the entire eight-component male-specific blend is qualitatively identical and quantitatively similar to that of the North American sibling species,C. freemani Dobson. A synthetic blend of the four major components on rubber septa, prepared to emit in the same proportions as from individual males, was highly attractive in the field when synergized with fermenting whole-wheat bread dough. Cross-attraction was observed in the field involving the pheromones ofC. davidsoni, C. hemipterus (L.), andC. mutilatus Erichson. Potential uses of the pheromones in pest management are discussed.
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Aggregation pheromone glands of Carpophilus freemani (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) and gland distribution among other Sap Beetles
Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 1993Co-Authors: Patrick F Dowd, Robert J. BarteltAbstract:The apparent site of aggregation pheromone production in the Sap Beetle Carpophilus freemani Dobson is described. Small (≈100 μm diameter) disks associated with the tracheal system in the abdomen contain the pheromone in this insect. These structures appeared to be single cells with large nuclei. Similar structures were found in Carpophilus hemipterus (L.), C. lugubris Murray, C. antiquus Melsheimer, C. (Urophorus) humeralis (F.), Stelidota geminata Say, Haptoncus luteolus (Erichson), and Glischrochilus quadrisignatus (Say), suggesting that these structures are a common source of pheromones in Sap Beetles.
Andrew R Cline - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Unraveling cryptic species diversity in an aposematic Sap Beetle genus (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Cryptarchinae) from northern Europe
Insect Systematics & Evolution, 2016Co-Authors: Tom Clayhills, Andrew R Cline, Paolo Audisio, Emiliano Mancini, Marco Trizzino, Simone SabatelliAbstract:The Saproxylic Sap Beetle Glischrochilus ( Glischrochilus ) quadripunctatus (Linnaeus, 1758), is associated with subcortical habitats of coniferous trees. This species is widely distributed across Europe and Siberia, and is the best known and largest European nitidulid species. A closely related cryptic species, G. ( G. ) tremulae sp. nov. has been discovered in a xerothermic area of SE Finland in association with old aspens. The two species exhibit a sympatric occurrence in SE Finland, on their respective host trees. We analyze the COI barcode region to compare G. ( G. ) quadripunctatus , G. ( G. ) tremulae sp. nov. , and G. (Librodor) hortensis (Fourcroy, 1785). Morphological, ecological, and molecular data confirm the presence in SE Finland of two Glischrochilus s.str. species. We provide a description of the new species. The new Glischrochilus apparently represents a relictual taxon associated with old hollow aspens, and should be considered a species with inherent conservation value within European Saproxylic Beetle communities.
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Carpophilus zeaphilus, a new Sap Beetle species acclimatized in Italy (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae).
Fragmenta Entomologica, 2015Co-Authors: Paolo Audisio, Pierluigi Scaramozzino, Simone Sabatelli, Emiliano Mancini, Andrew R ClineAbstract:Carpophilus zeaphilus Dobson, 1969 (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae, Carpophilinae) is an Afrotropical species that has become widespread in Sub-Saharan Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and southern Mediterranean areas in recent years. The species was first recorded from Europe in Portugal and Spain nearly thirty years ago, and it was later intercepted in Sicily near Trapani in 1991. A few specimens of this species were collected in April, 2015 in a sparsely forested area near Rome, which suggests a recent acclimatization into peninsular Italy. Specimens were taken on flowering trees of Prunus spinosa L. (Rosaceae), an unusual occurrence for most introduced species of Carpophilinae that are normally associated with rotten fruit and other decomposing vegetal matter.
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a scientific note on rapid host shift of the invasive dusky Sap Beetle carpophilus lugubris in italian beehives new commensal or potential threat for european apiculture
Apidologie, 2014Co-Authors: Paolo Audisio, Francesca Marini, Franco Mutinelli, Fabrizio Montarsi, Enzo Gatti, Alessandro Campanaro, Andrew R ClineAbstract:Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Lazio e Toscana, Laboratorio di Parassitologia e Sorveglianza Entomologica, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy MIPAAF-National Forest Service, Ufficio Territoriale per la Biodiversita di Belluno, Via Gregorio XVI 8, 32100 Belluno, Italy Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, NRL for Beekeeping, Viale dell’Universita 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy California Department of Food & Agriculture, Plant Pest Diagnostics Center, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832-1448, USA
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Interactions between a Sap Beetle, sabal palm, scale insect, filamentous fungi and yeast, with discovery of potential antifungal compounds.
PloS one, 2014Co-Authors: Andrew R Cline, Paul E. Skelley, Scott A. Kinnee, Suzanne Rooney-latham, Shaun L. Winterton, Christopher J. Borkent, Paolo AudisioAbstract:The multi-trophic relationship between insects, yeast, and filamentous fungi is reported on sabal palm (Sabal palmetto (Walter) Lodd. ex Schult. & Schult. f.). Gut content analyses and observations of adult and larval feeding of the Sap Beetle Brachypeplus glaber LeConte indicate that niche partitioning of fungal food substrata occurs between adults and larvae. This is the first report of specific mycophagous niche partitioning among Beetle life stages based on gut content analyses. Fungi isolated from the Beetle gut of adults, larvae, and pupae include species of Fusarium Link, Cladosporium Link, and Penicillium Link, which were differentially ingested by larvae and adults; Fusarium solani and Penicillium species in larvae, whereas F. oxysoproum, F. verticillioides, and Cladosporium in adults. These data indicate the first species-level host data for Brachypeplus Erichson species. Fusarium proliferatum (Matsush.) Nirenberg was the most commonly occurring fungal gut component, being isolated from the palm as well as gut of larvae, pupae, and adults; representing a commonly shared food resource. One species of yeast, Meyerozyma caribbica (Vaughan-Mart. et al.) Kurtzman & Suzuki (basionym = Pichia caribbica), was isolated from all life stages and is likely responsible for anti-fungal properties observed in the pupae and represents a promising source of antifungal compounds; rearing and diagnostic protocols are provided to aid biomedical researchers. Feeding and cleaning behaviors are documented using time-lapse video-micrography, and discussed in a behavioral and functional morphological context. Adults spent long periods feeding, often >1/3 of the two-hour observation period. A generic adult body posture was observed during feeding, and included substrate antennation before and after ingestion. Adult grooming behaviors were manifested in distinct antennal and tarsal cleaning mechanisms. Larval behaviors were different from adults, and larvae feeding on Fusarium fungi immediately ceased all subsequent feeding. This is the first ethogram for any adult or larval Sap Beetle.
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Morphology and life history of Brachypeplus glaber LeConte(Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), with a discussion of multiple life stage data for phylogenetic analyses.
Zootaxa, 2013Co-Authors: Andrew R Cline, Paul E. Skelley, Paolo AudisioAbstract:A detailed description of the Sap Beetle Brachypeplus glaber LeConte (Nitidulidae) is provided, including egg, larval, pupal and adult stages. Rearing and DNA barcoding were used to confirm life stage identifications. This is the first New World Brachypeplus species for which larval and pupal descriptions are available. Characters and character states for larvae, pupae, and adults are discussed at the species and generic levels within the context of phylogenetic revisions at different hierarchical levels.
