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Anna Stochmal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Highly Polar Triterpenoid Saponins from the Roots of Saponaria officinalis L
Helvetica Chimica Acta, 2016Co-Authors: Barbara Moniuszko-szajwaj, Mariusz Kowalczyk, Malgorzata Szumacher-strabel, Wieslaw Oleszek, Milena Masullo, Łukasz Pecio, Adam Cieślak, Sonia Piacente, Anna StochmalAbstract:Five new triterpenoid saponins, including 3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl quillaic acid 28-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-(4-O-acetyl)-β-d-quinovopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-d-fucopyranoside (1), 3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl quillaic acid 28-O-(6-O-acetyl)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)]-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-(4-O-acetyl)-β-d-quinovopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-d-fucopyranoside (2), 3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl quillaic acid 28-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-(4-O-acetyl)-β-d-quinovopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-d-fucopyranoside (3), 3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl quillaic acid 28-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[(4-O-acetyl)-β-d-quinovopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-d-fucopyranoside (4), 3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl quillaic acid 28-O-(6-O-acetyl)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)]-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[(4-O-acetyl)-β-d-quinovopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-d-fucopyranoside (5) together with two known congeners, saponariosides A (6) and B (7) were isolated from the roots of Saponaria officinalis L. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D- (1H, 13C) and 2D-NMR (DQF-COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and HMBC) experiments, HR-ESI-MS, and acid hydrolysis.
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The effect of triterpenoid saponins from Saponaria officinalis on some blood hormones, metabolic parameters and fatty acid composition in dairy cows
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2015Co-Authors: K. Szkudelska, Malgorzata Szumacher-strabel, Anna Stochmal, Emilia Pers-kamczyc, J. Szczechowiak, M. Bryszak, Adam CieslakAbstract:An experiment was performed to determine the effect of triterpenoid saponins from powdered root of Saponaria officinalis L. (SO) on some blood metabolic parameters and hormone concentrations in dairy cows. Three dairy Polish Holstein-Friesian cows were used in the experiment in a 3 × 3 Latin Square arrangement. Animals were fed twice a day with a control diet and two experimental diets – a diet supplemented with either 440 or 660 g/d of the powdered S. officinalis root (SO1 and SO2, respectively). Each of the three experimental cycles lasted for 26 days, including a 23-day adaptation period and a 3-day sample collection period. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein from 24th to 26th day of the experiment. Total high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL), as well as triglycerides, free fatty acids (FFA) and glucose, were assayed in serum. Fatty acid composition in the blood was also analysed. Moreover, concentrations of insulin, glucagon, leptin, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were measured. It was demonstrated that total and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly elevated in the blood of cows treated with experimental diets; however, LDL-cholesterol remained unchanged. No concentrations of triglycerides, FFA or glucose were influenced by saponins. Two fatty acids (C16 : 0 and C16 : 1 c9 ) were markedly reduced when SO was used, while C18 : 1 t11 decreased with increasing levels of SO. The significant increase of C20 : 4 n-6 in animals treated with SO was observed. Both saponin diets resulted in a slight increase in insulin concentration and the SO2 diet evoked an emphatic rise of glucagon concentration. The concentration of T3 also increased after consumption of the experimental diet. The current study shows for the first time that triterpenoid saponins from S. officinalis can alter blood parameters in ruminants. These effects seem to result from saponin-induced changes in the rumen.
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New pharmacological properties of Medicago sativa and Saponaria officinalis saponin-rich fractions addressed to Candida albicans.
Journal of medical microbiology, 2014Co-Authors: Beata Sadowska, Barbara Moniuszko-szajwaj, Mariusz Kowalczyk, Anna Stochmal, Aleksandra Budzyńska, Marzena Więckowska-szakiel, Małgorzata Paszkiewicz, Barbara RóżalskaAbstract:The antifungal activity of the saponin-rich fractions (SFs) from Medicago sativa (aerial parts and roots) and Saponaria officinalis (used as a well-known source of plant saponins) against Candida albicans reference and clinical strains, their yeast-to-hyphal conversion, adhesion, and biofilm formation was investigated. Direct fungicidal/fungistatic properties of the tested phytochemicals used alone, as well as their synergy with azoles (probably resulting from yeast cell wall instability) were demonstrated. Here, to the best of our knowledge, we report for the first time the ability of saponin-rich extracts of M. sativa and S. officinalis to inhibit C. albicans germ tube formation, limit hyphal growth, reduce yeast adherence and biofilm formation, and eradicate mature (24 h) Candida biofilm. Moreover, M. sativa SFs (mainly obtained from aerial parts), in the range of concentrations which were active modulators of Candida virulence factors, exhibited low cytotoxicity against the mouse fibroblast line L929. These properties seem to be very promising in the context of using plant-derived SFs as potential novel antifungal therapeutics supporting classic drugs or as ingredients of disinfectants.
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Rumen antimethanogenic effect of Saponaria officinalis L. phytochemicals in vitro
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2014Co-Authors: Adam Cieslak, Wieslaw Oleszek, Anna Stochmal, P. Zmora, L. Pecio, Emilia Pers-kamczyc, J. Szczechowiak, A. J. Nowak, Malgorzata Szumacher-strabelAbstract:Although the effect of saponins or saponin-containing plants on rumen microorganisms and rumen fermentation has been intensively investigated, this issue still requires special attention. Many of the phenomena occurring in the rumen related to dietary saponin supplementation are still not fully understood. Saponaria officinalis is a triterpenoid saponin-containing plant; thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of S. officinalis L. powdered root, methanolic extract of the S. officinalis root (SOR) and the effect of the separated fractions (polysaccharides, saponins and phenolics) of S. officinalis on rumen methanogenesis, microbial population and rumen fermentation characteristics in an in vitro batch culture fermentation system. The powdered root (raw plant material) and S. officinalis extract (SOE) decreased in vitro methane production and consequently reduced the microbial population in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of methanogenesis was accompanied by changes in the volatile fatty acids profile. In vitro dry matter digestibility was not affected by any of the secondary compounds applied. The highest applied doses of SOE caused a higher reduction in methanogenesis (33·5 v . 14·4%) than the highest doses of powdered root form. Such results suggest that the basic components of the SOR could interact with phytochemicals or that the phytochemicals became physically less available for microbiota, resulting in a decreased antimethanogenic activity of the powdered root v . the extract. Among all the fractions selected, the saponin fraction exerted the greatest impact on ruminal fermentation. In conclusion, saponins decreased methane production by 29% in comparison with the control. This decrease was related to the reduction in protozoa and methanogen counts. It is proposed that S. officinalis has the potential to inhibit rumen methanogenesis without affecting rumen fermentation adversely.
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New triterpenoid saponins from the roots of Saponaria officinalis.
Natural product communications, 2013Co-Authors: Barbara Moniuszko-szajwaj, Lukasz Pecio, Mariusz Kowalczyk, Ana M. Simonet, Francisco A. Macías, Malgorzata Szumacher-strabel, Adam Cieslak, Wieslaw Oleszek, Anna StochmalAbstract:Three new triterpenoid saponins (1-3), along with nine known saponins, were isolated from the roots of Saponaria officinalis L. Two of them: vaccaroside D (4) and dianchinenoside B (5) are known, but not previously reported for S. officinalis, and seven others: saponarioside C (6), D (7), F (8), G (9), I (10), K (11), and L (12) have been previously isolated from this plant. The structures of the new saponins were established as 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-16alpha-hydroxygypsogenic acid-28-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 -->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-16alpha-hydroxygypsogenic acid-28-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-[alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2) and 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-gypsogenic acid-28-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-[6-O-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D- (1H, 13C) and 2D-NMR (D QF-COSY, TOCSY, ROESY, HSQC and HMBC) experiments, as well as high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), ESI-MS/MS and acid hydrolysis.
Laura Spanò - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Differences in X-ray absorption due to cadmium treatment in Saponaria officinalis leaves.
Microscopy research and technique, 2004Co-Authors: Lucia Reale, Anna Poma, Laura Spanò, A. Lai, Adele Tucci, Anatoly Ya. Faenov, Tania Pikuz, Francesco Flora, Tania Limongi, Libero PalladinoAbstract:A method for detecting cadmium uptake in leaves of Saponaria officinalis doped with a solution of cadmium acetate is described. The technique based on the exposure of dried leaves to X-rays of a wavelength close to that of the metal K-edge could be useful for phytoremediation studies as it could reveal the bioaccumulation in plants due to the treatment either in vivo or in vitro with heavy metals. X-ray microradiography measurements are in agreement with those from peroxidase enzyme assay utilized to follow the oxidative damage induced by heavy metals. At present, as we will see in this report, microradiography has still poorer sensitivity in comparison with enzyme assay, but it has the advantage of being faster, not destructive, and usable even at very high doping levels, where the enzyme assay technique results are fully saturated. Further analysis of the optical density values could lead to a quantitative measurement of the heavy metal in the sample. Thus, the technology developed in this article could be useful for tracing the intake in phytoremediation studies.
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Culture senescence and abscisic acid induce saporin production in cultured roots of Saponaria officinalis
New Phytologist, 1999Co-Authors: Alessandra Di Cola, Anna Poma, Laura SpanòAbstract:The presence and variation of activity of the type 1 ribosome-inactivating protein saporin has been evaluated in cultured roots of the soapwort Saponaria officinalis. Results from western analysis and in vitro protein synthesis inhibition indicate that saporin production is increased in senescing cultures, reaching a maximum value during the late stationary phase. Accordingly, cultures treated with the senescence-related hormone abscisic acid show a significant increase in saporin activity, independently from the culture growth phase. Stress conditions, such as the presence of hydrogen peroxide in the culture medium, had no effect on the modulation of enzymatic activity. The putative regulation of saporin production by abscisic acid and its possible role in accomplishing the ageing programme is discussed.
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Saporin production from in vitro cultures of the soapwort Saponaria officinalis L.
Plant cell reports, 1997Co-Authors: A. Di Cola, C. Di Domenico, Anna Poma, Laura SpanòAbstract:We report here the successful establishment of callus, cell and root cultures from explants of in-vitro-grown plantlets of the soapwort Saponaria officinalis L. The production of saporin in the different tissue systems was evaluated by determining the capability of crude extracts to inactivate protein synthesis and by Western blotting analysis. Protein synthesis inhibition varied in callus and derived cell suspensions and in cultured roots, the latter, in particular, showing the lowest specific activity. The ribosome-inactivating principle from root cultures was purified to homogeneity by cation exchange chromatography.
Malgorzata Szumacher-strabel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Highly Polar Triterpenoid Saponins from the Roots of Saponaria officinalis L
Helvetica Chimica Acta, 2016Co-Authors: Barbara Moniuszko-szajwaj, Mariusz Kowalczyk, Malgorzata Szumacher-strabel, Wieslaw Oleszek, Milena Masullo, Łukasz Pecio, Adam Cieślak, Sonia Piacente, Anna StochmalAbstract:Five new triterpenoid saponins, including 3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl quillaic acid 28-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-(4-O-acetyl)-β-d-quinovopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-d-fucopyranoside (1), 3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl quillaic acid 28-O-(6-O-acetyl)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)]-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-(4-O-acetyl)-β-d-quinovopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-d-fucopyranoside (2), 3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl quillaic acid 28-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-(4-O-acetyl)-β-d-quinovopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-d-fucopyranoside (3), 3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl quillaic acid 28-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[(4-O-acetyl)-β-d-quinovopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-d-fucopyranoside (4), 3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl quillaic acid 28-O-(6-O-acetyl)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)]-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[(4-O-acetyl)-β-d-quinovopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-d-fucopyranoside (5) together with two known congeners, saponariosides A (6) and B (7) were isolated from the roots of Saponaria officinalis L. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D- (1H, 13C) and 2D-NMR (DQF-COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and HMBC) experiments, HR-ESI-MS, and acid hydrolysis.
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The effect of triterpenoid saponins from Saponaria officinalis on some blood hormones, metabolic parameters and fatty acid composition in dairy cows
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2015Co-Authors: K. Szkudelska, Malgorzata Szumacher-strabel, Anna Stochmal, Emilia Pers-kamczyc, J. Szczechowiak, M. Bryszak, Adam CieslakAbstract:An experiment was performed to determine the effect of triterpenoid saponins from powdered root of Saponaria officinalis L. (SO) on some blood metabolic parameters and hormone concentrations in dairy cows. Three dairy Polish Holstein-Friesian cows were used in the experiment in a 3 × 3 Latin Square arrangement. Animals were fed twice a day with a control diet and two experimental diets – a diet supplemented with either 440 or 660 g/d of the powdered S. officinalis root (SO1 and SO2, respectively). Each of the three experimental cycles lasted for 26 days, including a 23-day adaptation period and a 3-day sample collection period. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein from 24th to 26th day of the experiment. Total high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL), as well as triglycerides, free fatty acids (FFA) and glucose, were assayed in serum. Fatty acid composition in the blood was also analysed. Moreover, concentrations of insulin, glucagon, leptin, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were measured. It was demonstrated that total and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly elevated in the blood of cows treated with experimental diets; however, LDL-cholesterol remained unchanged. No concentrations of triglycerides, FFA or glucose were influenced by saponins. Two fatty acids (C16 : 0 and C16 : 1 c9 ) were markedly reduced when SO was used, while C18 : 1 t11 decreased with increasing levels of SO. The significant increase of C20 : 4 n-6 in animals treated with SO was observed. Both saponin diets resulted in a slight increase in insulin concentration and the SO2 diet evoked an emphatic rise of glucagon concentration. The concentration of T3 also increased after consumption of the experimental diet. The current study shows for the first time that triterpenoid saponins from S. officinalis can alter blood parameters in ruminants. These effects seem to result from saponin-induced changes in the rumen.
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Rumen antimethanogenic effect of Saponaria officinalis L. phytochemicals in vitro
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2014Co-Authors: Adam Cieslak, Wieslaw Oleszek, Anna Stochmal, P. Zmora, L. Pecio, Emilia Pers-kamczyc, J. Szczechowiak, A. J. Nowak, Malgorzata Szumacher-strabelAbstract:Although the effect of saponins or saponin-containing plants on rumen microorganisms and rumen fermentation has been intensively investigated, this issue still requires special attention. Many of the phenomena occurring in the rumen related to dietary saponin supplementation are still not fully understood. Saponaria officinalis is a triterpenoid saponin-containing plant; thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of S. officinalis L. powdered root, methanolic extract of the S. officinalis root (SOR) and the effect of the separated fractions (polysaccharides, saponins and phenolics) of S. officinalis on rumen methanogenesis, microbial population and rumen fermentation characteristics in an in vitro batch culture fermentation system. The powdered root (raw plant material) and S. officinalis extract (SOE) decreased in vitro methane production and consequently reduced the microbial population in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of methanogenesis was accompanied by changes in the volatile fatty acids profile. In vitro dry matter digestibility was not affected by any of the secondary compounds applied. The highest applied doses of SOE caused a higher reduction in methanogenesis (33·5 v . 14·4%) than the highest doses of powdered root form. Such results suggest that the basic components of the SOR could interact with phytochemicals or that the phytochemicals became physically less available for microbiota, resulting in a decreased antimethanogenic activity of the powdered root v . the extract. Among all the fractions selected, the saponin fraction exerted the greatest impact on ruminal fermentation. In conclusion, saponins decreased methane production by 29% in comparison with the control. This decrease was related to the reduction in protozoa and methanogen counts. It is proposed that S. officinalis has the potential to inhibit rumen methanogenesis without affecting rumen fermentation adversely.
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New triterpenoid saponins from the roots of Saponaria officinalis.
Natural product communications, 2013Co-Authors: Barbara Moniuszko-szajwaj, Lukasz Pecio, Mariusz Kowalczyk, Ana M. Simonet, Francisco A. Macías, Malgorzata Szumacher-strabel, Adam Cieslak, Wieslaw Oleszek, Anna StochmalAbstract:Three new triterpenoid saponins (1-3), along with nine known saponins, were isolated from the roots of Saponaria officinalis L. Two of them: vaccaroside D (4) and dianchinenoside B (5) are known, but not previously reported for S. officinalis, and seven others: saponarioside C (6), D (7), F (8), G (9), I (10), K (11), and L (12) have been previously isolated from this plant. The structures of the new saponins were established as 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-16alpha-hydroxygypsogenic acid-28-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 -->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-16alpha-hydroxygypsogenic acid-28-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-[alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2) and 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-gypsogenic acid-28-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-[6-O-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D- (1H, 13C) and 2D-NMR (D QF-COSY, TOCSY, ROESY, HSQC and HMBC) experiments, as well as high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), ESI-MS/MS and acid hydrolysis.
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Effect of Saponaria officinalis L. Or Panax Ginseng C.A Meyer Triterpenoid Saponins on Ruminal Fermentation in Vitro / Wpływ Saponin Triterpenowych Saponaria officinalis L. Lub Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer Na Przemiany Zachodzące W Żwaczu W Warunkach In
Annals of Animal Science, 2013Co-Authors: J. Szczechowiak, Mariusz Kowalczyk, Malgorzata Szumacher-strabel, Anna Stochmal, Emilia Pers-kamczyc, A. J. Nowak, Magdalena Nadolna, Adam CieślakAbstract:This study examined the potential effects of Saponaria officinalis (SO) or Panax ginseng (PG) saponins supplemented to diets differing in the proportion of forage to concentrate on rumen microbial fermentation and methane production in vitro. Two experiments were carried out using the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). In the first experiment the substrate was comprised of a mixture of meadow hay and corn meal in a ratio of 60:40 dry matter (DM; high forage diet; HF). In the second experiment low forage diet (LF) consisting of meadow hay and corn meal in the ratio of 40:60 DM was used. Diets were supplemented with dried roots of SO or PG to provide 1% of triterpenoid saponins in dietary dry matter. All triterpenoid sources significantly (P≤0.05) decreased number of protozoa, by 50% and 72% respectively when HF diet was analysed (first experiment). There were no changes in methane production. In the second experiment (LF), the potential to mitigate methane production was reported for both SO and PG addition, however only in PG a decrease in the protozoal population was detected. Supplementation of plants rich in triterpenoid saponins has been identified as a diet dependent potential factor which has an important role in modulation of rumen fermentation processes. However, further studies are needed to evaluate their effect in animal production.
Alexander Weng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Saponins from Saponaria officinalis L. Augment the Efficacy of a Rituximab-Immunotoxin.
Planta medica, 2016Co-Authors: Roger Gilabert-oriol, Mayank Thakur, Katy Haussmann, Nicole Niesler, Cheenu Bhargava, Cornelia Görick, Hendrik Fuchs, Alexander WengAbstract:Triterpenoidal saponins are synthesized in the roots of Saponaria officinalis L. The same plant is also a source for the toxin Saporin, which is a ribosome-inactivating protein. Triterpenoidal saponins are known to increase the cytotoxicity of Saporin by modulating its intracellular trafficking. Here, we investigated if the combinatorial effects elicited by purified saponins and Saporin can be applied to increase the therapeutic efficacy of the immunotoxin Saporin-Rituximab. First, saponins were purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Thereafter, their intrinsic cytotoxicity was evaluated on Ramos cells with no observed effect up to 5 µg/mL, however, saponins increased the cytotoxicity of Saporin, while no influence was observed on its N-glycosidase activity. Saporin-Rituximab bound to CD20 in Ramos cells and, in the absence of saponins, had a GI50 (concentration inhibiting cell growth to 50 %) of 7 nM. However, in the presence of a nontoxic concentration of saponins, the GI50 of Saporin-Rituximab was 0.01 nM, a nearly 700-fold increase in efficacy. Moreover, two further immunotoxins, namely Saporin-anti-CD22 and Saporin-anti-CD25, were tested in combination with saponins yielding enhancement factors of 170-fold and 25-fold, respectively. All three receptors are present in Ramos cells and the differences in cytotoxicity enhancement may be explained by the differing expression levels of the cellular receptors. The application of purified saponins from S. officinalis L. is therefore a new strategy to potentially improve the cytotoxicity and therapeutic efficacy of Rituximab-immunotoxins for the treatment of B-cell lymphoma.
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High-speed countercurrent chromatographic recovery and off-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry profiling of bisdesmodic saponins from Saponaria officinalis possessing synergistic toxicity enhancing properties on targeted antitumor toxins
Journal of chromatography. B Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 2014Co-Authors: Mayank Thakur, Roger Gilabert-oriol, Hendrik Fuchs, Gerold Jerz, Dorota Tuwalska, Sławomir Wybraniec, Peter Winterhalter, Alexander WengAbstract:Saponaria officinalis L. (Caryophyllaceae), also known as fuller's herb or soapwort is a medicinal plant, which grows from Europe to Central Asia. Medicinal properties attributed to this plant include its antitussive and galactogogue properties. Recently, bisdesmodic saponins with very specific structural features from S. officinalis have been shown to strongly enhance the efficacy of specific targeted toxins (anti-tumor antibodies connected to protein toxins) in-vitro and in-vivo in a synergistic manner. In the presently reported novel approach we used preparative all-liquid high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) to recover a total of 22 fractions using biphasic solvent system tert-butylmethylether/n-butanol/acetonitrile/water 1:3:1:5 (v/v/v/v) from a complex precipitated crude saponin mixture. Out of these 22 fractions, 3 fractions had the enhancer effect on anti-tumor toxins out of which one fraction (F7) was further tested elaborately in different cell lines. The molecular weight distribution and compound profiles of separated saponins were monitored by off-line injections of the sequentially collected fractions to an electrospray ion-trap mass-spectrometry system (ESI-IT-MS). The functional saponin fractions were mainly bisdesmosidc and contained saponin m/z 1861 amongst other. Using the bio-assay guided monitoring, the highly active fractions containing 2 to 3 bisdesmodic saponins (5μg/mL) were screened for their effectiveness in enhancing the anti-tumor activity of targeted toxin Sap3-EGF, which was determined using the impedance based real-time cell cytotoxicity evaluation. This novel combination of HSCCC fractionation, MS-target-guided profiling procedure and bio-assay guided fractionation yielded 100mg of functional saponins from a 60g crude drug powder in a rapid and convenient manner.
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Saponins modulate the intracellular trafficking of protein toxins.
Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 2012Co-Authors: Alexander Weng, Roger Gilabert-oriol, Mayank Thakur, Benedicta Von Mallinckrodt, Figen Beceren-braun, Burkard Wiesner, Jenny Eichhorst, Stefan Böttger, Matthias F. Melzig, Hendrik FuchsAbstract:Type I ribosome inactivating proteins such as saporin from the plant Saponaria officinalis L. are widely used as toxin moieties of targeted anti-tumor toxins. For exerting cytotoxicity the toxin moieties have to be released into the cytosol of tumor cells. However the cytosolic transfer of toxin molecules into the cytosol is mostly an inefficient process. In this report we demonstrate that certain saponins, which are also biosynthesized by Saponaria officinalis L., specifically mediate the release of saporin out of the intracellular compartments into the cytosol without affecting the integrity of the plasma membrane. The relevant cellular compartments were identified as late endosomes and lysosomes. Further studies revealed that endosomal acidification is a prerequisite for the saponin-mediated release of saporin. Binding analysis demonstrated an association of the saponins with saporin in a pH-dependent manner. The applicability of the saponin-mediated effect was demonstrated in vivo in a syngeneic tumor model using a saporin-based targeted anti-tumor toxin in combination with characterized saponins.
Roman Pavela - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Saponaria officinalis-synthesized silver nanocrystals as effective biopesticides and oviposition inhibitors against Tetranychus urticae Koch
Industrial Crops and Products, 2017Co-Authors: Roman Pavela, Kadarkarai Murugan, Angelo Canale, Giovanni BenelliAbstract:Abstract Green-fabricated nanoparticles have been mainly tested on mosquito and tick vectors, while no information are available about their toxicity against phytophagous mites. Therefore, here it was determined whether Ag nanoparticles with acaricidal activity could be synthesized using the Saponaria officinalis root extract. Size, shape and crystalline structure of the nanoparticles were described. Furthermore, the toxicity of S. officinalis extract vs. S. officinalis-fabricated Ag nanoparticles was studied, comparing their activity on eggs, larvae and adults of two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae. The impact of both treatments on T. urticae oviposition was investigated. Both the S. officinalis root extract and the nanoparticles showed a very good acaricidal efficacy. Ag nanoparticle LC50 was 1.2 g L−1 (LC90 = 2.8 g L−1), significantly less if compared with the root extract alone (LC50(90) = 7.8 (11.9)g L−1). Adults of T. urticae showed the lowest sensitivity, with LC50 of 6.1 and 19.9 g L−1 for nanoparticles and the aqueous root extract, respectively. Both treatments showed high ovicidal toxicity with LC50 of 3.1 and 13.8 g L−1 for the nanoparticles and aqueous root extract, respectively. Treatment spray residues also caused significant inhibition of oviposition in females of T. urticae with EC50 estimated as 1.4 g L−1, a value significantly lower, if compared with the extract alone (EC50 = 6.1 g L−1). No phytotoxicity of both treatments was observed in short-term tests. S. officinalis root aqueous extract is used by food and cosmetic industries, thus it can be considered a safe option for plant protection. In addition, the fabricated AgNP also seem highly promising as they showed high biological efficacy, and the production method is relatively simple and cheap.
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Extract from the roots of Saponaria officinalis as a potential acaricide against Tetranychus urticae
Journal of Pest Science, 2016Co-Authors: Roman PavelaAbstract:The two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch.) is one of the most harmful phytophagous pests, dangerous not only due to its fast development cycle and high fertility, but also due to its ability to rapidly develop resistance to active substances of acaricides. It is therefore important to seek new alternative products characterized by a novel mechanism of action while being safe to health at the same time. For this reason, we tested the efficacy of extracts obtained by extraction of the roots of Saponaria officinalis in water against all developmental stages of T. urticae. The highest sensitivity was found for eggs (LC50 = 0.31% w/v), while adults showed the least significant sensitivity (LC50 = 1.18% w/v). Application of the extract also resulted in an inhibition of oviposition by females (LC50 = 0.91% w/v). The efficacy of extract prepared by maceration of 15 and 30 g of S. officinalis roots in one litre of water was verified in one-year greenhouse tests in cucumbers and tomatoes infested by T. urticae. Repeated applications of the extract were found to significantly reduce the numbers of two-spotted spider mite individuals on tomato and cucumber leaves, and their counts remained significantly lower compared to untreated plants throughout the observation period (140 days). The extract, prepared from 30 g of the roots in one litre of water, maintained spider mite counts at approximately the same levels as an applied commercial acaricide based on a.i. abamectin. At the same time, it was observed that the extract had a positive effect with respect to the mean weight of the fruits and to the overall yield of tomato and cucumber fruits, compared to untreated plants. In addition, the amounts of substances extracted from the roots of S. officinalis using water, as well as the extraction velocity of water-soluble substances, were studied. The amounts of water-extractable substances were found to be directly dependent on the weights of the extracted roots, where the extraction of 15, 30, 60, 80 and 100 g of roots in one litre of water resulted in 7.4, 15.9, 30.6, 38.9 and 49.4 g of dry mass of the substances, respectively, dissolved in one litre of the extract after 24 h. Also, the extraction velocity at ambient temperature was very high. When 30 g of roots was extracted in one litre of water, most of the substances were dissolved during the first 10 min (12.9 g L−1); subsequently, the amounts of dissolved substances kept rising only slightly and stabilized after about 25 min from the beginning of extraction (15.5 g L−1). Given that the root extract is primarily used in the food industry, in traditional medicine and in the cosmetics industry, we can presume that the use of the extract for the protection of vegetables against T. urticae is of no concern. Based on our tests, we can propose this extract as a candidate basic substance that may be beneficial for reducing the counts of harmful developmental stages of T. urticae.
