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Michael E. Montgomery - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Scymnus neopullus lady beetles from china
In: Onken B.; Reardon R. eds. Implementation and status of biological control of the hemlock woolly adelgid. FHTET-2011-04. Morgantown WV: U.S. Depart, 2011Co-Authors: Michael E. Montgomery, Melody A KeenaAbstract:In 1995, we found our first Scymnus (Neopullus) lady beetle in China (Neopullus is a subgenus of Scymnus, the largest genus in the family Coccinellidae). At that time there were just a few known species in the subgenus and very little was known of their biology. By the end of the project, 14 years later, we had doubled the number of known Scymnus (Neopullus) species and thoroughly studied the biology of the three species that seemed the most promising candidates for biological control of Adelges tsugae Annand, the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) in the eastern United States. This discussion of the research on the three Scymnus (Neopullus) species is a good example of the process of classical biological control(1) the discovery of potential agents and determination of their biology and host range in their indigenous environment; (2) importation and further study in quarantine of their biology and potential host range in the areas targeted for their release; (3) using sleeve cages to evaluate the response of natural enemies to their new environment and their impact on the pest; and (4) the free release of the biological control agents into the environment.
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notes on the biology of Scymnus pullus coniferarum an adelgid predator
In: McManus Katherine A; Gottschalk Kurt W. eds. 2010. Proceedings. 21st U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on invasive species, 2011Co-Authors: Michael E. Montgomery, Richard McdonaldAbstract:The conifer lady beetle, Scymnus (Pullus) coniferarum Crotch 1874, was previously collected from five states in the western U.S. and from British Columbia. Whitehead, in his 1967 thesis, noted that all collection records of S. coniferarum were from pine and that he collected large numbers from lodgepole pine and Monterey pine infested with adelgids. In 2008-2009, we collected 303 S. coniferarum adults from several locations in the Seattle, WA, metropolitan area from western hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla, infested with the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand.
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Field cage evaluations of the lady beetle Scymnus sinuanodulus for biological control of the hemlock woolly adelgid
2007Co-Authors: Michael E. Montgomery, Carole A.s.-j. Cheah, Christopher AsaroAbstract:Biological control has been a major focus of efforts to reduce the impact of hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) on hemlocks in the eastern United States. The lady beetle Scymnus sinuanodulus Yu et Yao, one of the most abundant predators of HWA in China, was first imported in 1996. Subsequently its biology and host range were evaluated in quarantine and limited numbers are now available for field release.
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Comparative Impact of Scymnus ningshanensis and PseudoScymnus tsugae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid
2003Co-Authors: Elizabeth Butin, Joseph S. Elkinton, Nathan P. Havill, Michael E. MontgomeryAbstract:The hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand) is an introduced pest thought to be native to Asia. Damage to eastern hemlock and Carolina hemlock can be serious (Salom et al. 1996), but western and Asian hemlocks are seldom damaged. Potential biological control agents have been observed in Japan and China (Sasaji and McClure 1997, Yu et al. 2000). We compared two of these which have been previously imported, Scymnus ningshanensis Yu et Yao, a coccinellid from China (Yu et al. 2000) and PseudoScymnus tsugae Sasaji & McClure a coccinellid from Japan (Sasaji and McClure 1997).
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Descriptions of Immature Stages of Scymnus (Neopullus) sinuanodulus Yu and Yao (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) with Notes on Life History
Coleopterists Bulletin, 2002Co-Authors: Wenhua Lu, Phetsamon Souphanya, Michael E. MontgomeryAbstract:Abstract We describe for the first time immature stages of the Scymnus subgenus Neopullus; namely the egg, larval (4 instars), and pupal stages of Scymnus (Neopullus) sinuanodulus Yu and Yao (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), which is indigenous to China. This lady beetle was imported to the USA for biological control of the hemlock wooly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), a serious pest of hemlocks in eastern North America. The egg's anterior pole has a rosette of 4–11 cup-shaped and 13–20 semi-circular structures that are likely micropyles. Unlike the subgenera Scymnus and Pullus, a Neopullus larva lacks a retinaculum on its mandibles but has, in common, the antennae with 3 distinct segments, the maxillary palpi with 3 segments, and the labial palpi with 2 segments. The pupa is naked with transparent viscous droplets on the tips of setae and the larval exuvium attached only to the last abdominal segment. We also annotate morphological development and behavior of feeding, oviposition, and d...
Katrin Vohland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the influence of plant structure on searching behaviour in the ladybird Scymnus nigrinus coleoptera coccinellidae
European Journal of Entomology, 2013Co-Authors: Katrin VohlandAbstract:The foraging behaviour of all developmental stages of the ladybird, Scymnus nigrinus, when searching for its prey, Schizolachnus pineti, on pine trees was examined. Foraging was characterized by a high inter-individual variability but patterns did not differ significantly between larvae and adults. All stages spent most of their time searching on needles, on which their prey feeds, and remained mainly in the upper and outer parts of the plant which have a higher needle density in comparison with the interior plant parts. Older stages showed a higher voracity than those younger, but all had a similar predation success when attacking an individual prey. All stages spent a high amount of observation time feeding on honeydew from S. pineti.
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Wax covers in larvae of two Scymnus species: do they enhance coccinellid larval survival?
Oecologia, 1996Co-Authors: Wolfgang Völkl, Katrin VohlandAbstract:We tested the protective function of larval wax covers in the two ladybird beetle species, Scymnus nigrinus and S. interruptus , against cannibalism, predation and ant aggression, and its importance for the distribution of both species in the field. Cannibalism was generally very low and not influenced by the presence or absence of the wax cover, or by larval size. Fourth-instar larvae of three ladybird species, Adalia bipuncata, Exochomus quadripustulatus and Harmonia quadripunctata , consumed Scymnus larvae-which are much smaller-regularly, independent of the presence or absence of waxes. By contrast, first-instar larvae of the three species had generally little success when attacking Scymnus spp. larvae. Wax-covered S. interruptus larvae survived significantly more attacks by the predacious carabid beetle Platynus dorsalis than larvae without wax cover. Wax-covered S. interruptus larvae and S. nigrinus larvae survived attacks by workers of the ant species, Lasius niger and Formica polyctena , respectively, significantly more often than larvae without wax covers. We show that, in the field, Scymnus larvae have higher densites in ant-attended resources than in unattended ones and conclude that both Scymnus species benefit from the ability to feed in ant-attended aphid colonies by a reduced predation risk.
Wolfgang Völkl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Wax covers in larvae of two Scymnus species: do they enhance coccinellid larval survival?
Oecologia, 1996Co-Authors: Wolfgang Völkl, Katrin VohlandAbstract:We tested the protective function of larval wax covers in the two ladybird beetle species, Scymnus nigrinus and S. interruptus , against cannibalism, predation and ant aggression, and its importance for the distribution of both species in the field. Cannibalism was generally very low and not influenced by the presence or absence of the wax cover, or by larval size. Fourth-instar larvae of three ladybird species, Adalia bipuncata, Exochomus quadripustulatus and Harmonia quadripunctata , consumed Scymnus larvae-which are much smaller-regularly, independent of the presence or absence of waxes. By contrast, first-instar larvae of the three species had generally little success when attacking Scymnus spp. larvae. Wax-covered S. interruptus larvae survived significantly more attacks by the predacious carabid beetle Platynus dorsalis than larvae without wax cover. Wax-covered S. interruptus larvae and S. nigrinus larvae survived attacks by workers of the ant species, Lasius niger and Formica polyctena , respectively, significantly more often than larvae without wax covers. We show that, in the field, Scymnus larvae have higher densites in ant-attended resources than in unattended ones and conclude that both Scymnus species benefit from the ability to feed in ant-attended aphid colonies by a reduced predation risk.
Xingmin Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a new species of the subgenus Scymnus from pakistan coleoptera coccinellidae
ZooKeys, 2017Co-Authors: Azad Rashid, Xiaosheng Chen, Baoli Qiu, Xingmin WangAbstract:A new species, Scymnus (Scymnus) contortubus Rashid, Chen & Wang, sp. n., is described and illustrated from Pakistan. A diagnosis, remarks, illustrations, and a distribution map are provided of the new species and its most similar congener, S. (S..) nubilus Mulsant.
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revision of the subgenus orthoScymnus canepari of Scymnus kugelann coleoptera coccinellidae with descriptions of four new species
ZooKeys, 2016Co-Authors: Xiaosheng Chen, Claudio Canepari, Xingmin Wang, Shunxiang RenAbstract:The subgenus OrthoScymnus Canepari, 1997 of Scymnus Kugelann, 1794 is herein revised. Seven species of the OrthoScymnus fauna are recognized, of which four species, Scymnus (OrthoScymnus) jilongicus sp. n., Scymnus (OrthoScymnus) paradoxus sp. n., Scymnus (OrthoScymnus) crispatus sp. n. and Scymnus (OrthoScymnus) duomaculatus sp. n., are described as new to science. Scymnus (OrthoScymnus) rhododendri Canepari is recorded from China for the first time. Scymnus (Pullus) robustibasalis Yu is transferred to the subgenus OrthoScymnus (comb. n.). All species are diagnosed, described and illustrated, and distributions are provided for each species. A key to the species is included.
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the subgenus pullus of Scymnus from china coleoptera coccinellidae part ii the impexus group
Annales Zoologici, 2015Co-Authors: Xiaosheng Chen, Claudio Canepari, Xingmin Wang, Lizhi Huo, Shunxiang RenAbstract:Abstract. The species of the impexus-group within the subgenus Scymnus (Pullus) Mulsant occurring in China are revised. Seventy-nine species are treated in this paper, among those 54 are described as new to science: Scymnus (Pullus) cuspidiger, S. (P.) sphenophyllus, S. (P.) yarangicus, S. (P.) pailongensis, S. (P.) multisetosus, S. (P.) dongjiuensis, S. (P.) yanlingicus, S. (P.) xujiabensis, S. (P.) mengshanus, S. (P.) liupanshanus, S. (P.) prolatus, S. (P.) spirellus, S. (P.) corallinus, S. (P.) pingbianensis, S. (P.) conoidalis, S. (P.) erythrinus, S. (P.) igneus, S. (P.) apophysatus, S. (P.) rufostriatus, S. (P.) lebuensis, S. (P.) seminiger, S. (P.) eminulus, S. (P.) quadratimaculatus, S. (P.) longicuspis, S. (P.) chelyospilicus, S. (P.) oculoformis, S. (P.) acerosus, S. (P.) dimidius, S. (P.) paraccamptus, S. (P.) paraexilis, S. (P.) yarlungzangbo, S. (P.) chayuensis, S. (P.) dipetalus, S. (P.) ensatus, S. (P.) leptophyllus, S. (P.) nielamuensis, S. (P.) ventricosus, S. (P.) rhinoides, S. (P.) maoer...
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a review of the subgenus neopullus of Scymnus coleoptera coccinellidae from china
Annales Zoologici, 2014Co-Authors: Xiaosheng Chen, Xingmin Wang, Shunxiang RenAbstract:Abstract. The subgenus Neopullus of Scymnus Kugelann, 1794 from China is herein revised. Eighteen species are documented from China, including four new species described here: Scymnus (Neopullus) nigroventralis Chen et Ren, S. (N.) brevicollis Chen et Ren, S. (N.) lulangicus Chen et Ren and S. (N.) quercanus Chen et Ren, spp. nov. Diagnoses, detailed descriptions, illustrations and distributions are provided for each species. A key to Chinese species is given.
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a review of the subgenus Scymnus of Scymnus from china coleoptera coccinellidae
Annales Zoologici, 2013Co-Authors: Xiaosheng Chen, Xingmin Wang, Shunxiang RenAbstract:Abstract. The subgenus Scymnus of Scymnus Kugelann, 1794 from China is revised. Fifty-six species of the subgenus Scymnus known to occur in China, including twenty seven new species are documented: Scymnus (Scymnus) impolitus sp. nov., S. (S.) obesus sp. nov., S. (S.) zhangmuensis sp. nov., S. (S.) byssinus sp. nov., S. (S.) makuensis sp. nov., S. (S.) extumidus sp. nov., S. (S.) comosus sp. nov., S. (S.) choui sp. nov., S. (S.) trachypus sp. nov., S. (S.) deltatus sp. nov., S. (S.) leigongicus sp. nov., S. (S.) arciformis sp. nov., S. (S.) luxiensis sp. nov., S. (S.) acerbus sp. nov., S. (S.) pingqianensis sp. nov., S. (S.) deflexus sp. nov., S. (S.) plautus sp. nov., S. (S.) xiongfeii sp. nov., S. (S.) recavus sp. nov., S. (S.) nabangicus sp. nov., S. (S.) fasciculatus sp. nov., S. (S.) fusinus sp. nov., S. (S.) guniujiangicus sp. nov., S. (S.) caiyanghensis sp. nov., S. (S.) serratus sp. nov., S. (S.) biconvexus sp. nov., and S. (S.) clavellatus sp. nov. Scymnus (Scymnus) sufflavus Canepari, 1997 and S...
Antonio O Soares - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of Scymnus nubilus coleoptera coccinellidae as a biological control agent against aphis spiraecola and cinara juniperi hemiptera aphididae
Pest Management Science, 2020Co-Authors: Roberto Meseguer Rosagro, Isabel Borges, Virgilio Vieira, Gemma Pons Sole, Antonio O SoaresAbstract:BACKGROUND Aphids are a major insect pest of forestry systems. In this study, we evaluate the potential of the ladybeetle Scymnus nubilus Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) as a biological control agent against Aphis spiraecola Patch and Cinara juniperi (De Geer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) infesting Azorean endemic plants reared in forestry nurseries. RESULTS Aphis spiraecola, infesting Viburnum treleasei Gand. (Dipsacales: Adroxaceae), was the most abundant aphid; however, a higher proportion of Juniperus brevifolia (Seub.) Antoine (Pinales: Cupressaceae) was infested by C. juniperi. Scymnus nubilus fourth instar larvae were able to complete development on both aphid species. Voracity was significantly higher when S. nubilus was fed on A. spiraecola but biomass consumption was significantly lower. The relative growth rate and conversion efficiency of the fourth instar larvae were similar. Field experiments indicated that S. nubilus can contribute to the decrease in pest population densities. However, the fourth instar larvae proved to be more efficient when released onto A. spiraecola; this outcome can be attributed to the distribution patterns of the aphids on the host plant and to the aphid or host plant morphology. Predator density and sleeve cage effect are apparently critical factors in reaching an efficient control. CONCLUSION The obtained results provide the essential preliminary information required to establish future programs of biological control against aphids infesting Azorean endemic plants. Developmental and feeding performances, as well as the immediate impact of the predator when released onto A. spiraecola colonies, indicate that S. nubilus could be a useful candidate for reducing aphid populations. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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effect of temperature and prey in the biology of Scymnus subvillosus
Biocontrol, 2015Co-Authors: Dalila Sebastiao, Isabel Borges, Antonio O SoaresAbstract:Scymnus subvillosus (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is an aphidophagous predator present in the Azores (Portugal), but occurring at low densities. Scymnus species belong to a poorly known Coccinellidae group of biological control agents. In this study we aimed to evaluate the suitability of Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Aphis fabae Scopoli and Melanaphis donacis (Passerini) (Homoptera: Aphididae) as prey for S. subvillosus. To achieve this, we determined (i) the temperature and prey-dependence for development and survival of the immature stages, (ii) the prey-dependence for reproductive performance at 25 °C and (iii) the voracity and nutritional physiology of the 4th larval instar fed on A. fabae. The development time from first instar larva to adult decreased with increasing temperature, ranging from 61.5 days at 15 °C to 10.4 days at 30 °C. To complete immature development on M. donacis, the lower development threshold (LDT) was estimated to be 11.7 °C and the sum of effective temperatures (SET) to be 196.3 degree-days (DD). At 15 °C, larvae failed to develop when fed on A. fabae or M. persicae but on M. donacis 22 % of the larvae survived. We also found that development time of immature stages was prey-dependent, with M. persicae being the least suitable prey. The reproductive parameters were prey-dependent, with A. fabae and M. donacis allowing better performance than M. persicae. Twelve-hour-old 4th instars of S. subvillosus ingested 3.23 mg of biomass per day corresponding to an average of 10.5 aphids of A. fabae, allowing for a daily mean weight gain of 0.71 mg. The conversion efficiency and relative growth rate obtained were approximately 21 and 48 %, respectively. The results obtained in the present study suggest that both A. fabae and M. donacis are more suitable prey for development and reproduction of S. subvillosus than M. persicae.
