The Experts below are selected from a list of 321 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Amarildo Pasini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Seed Dressing pesticides on springtails in two ecotoxicological laboratory tests
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 2014Co-Authors: Paulo Roger Lopes Alves, Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira Cardoso, Alexandre M. Martines, José Paulo Sousa, Amarildo PasiniAbstract:Terrestrial ecotoxicological tests are powerful tools for assessing the ecological risks that pesticides pose to soil invertebrates, but they are rarely used to evaluate Seed Dressing pesticides. This study investigated the effects of Seed Dressing pesticides on survival and reproduction of Folsomia candida (Collembola), using standardized ecotoxicological tests (after ISO guidelines with few adaptations for tropical conditions). Commercial formulations of five Seed Dressing pesticides were tested individually in Tropical Artificial Soil (TAS): the insecticides imidacloprid, fipronil, thiametoxam, and the fungicides captan and carboxin+thiram. Thiametoxam, captan, and carboxin+thiram were only lethal to F. candida at the highest concentration tested (1000mg of active ingredient kg(-1) of dry soil). Imidacloprid and fipronil were lethal at lower concentrations (100 and 10mg a.i. kg(-1) soil d.w, respectively), however, these concentrations were much higher than those predicted (PEC) for soil. Imidacloprid and fipronil were the most toxic pesticides in both tests, reducing significantly collembolan reproduction (EC20=0.02 and 0.12mga.i.kg(-1) soil d.w, respectively). Further studies under more realistic conditions are needed, since imidacloprid and fipronil reduced collembolan reproduction at concentrations below or close to their respective PECs.
Michael Bonkowski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Single and Combined Effects of Pesticide Seed Dressings and Herbicides on Earthworms, Soil Microorganisms, and Litter Decomposition.
Frontiers in plant science, 2017Co-Authors: Willem Van Hoesel, Nina König, Alexandra Tiefenbacher, Robert Koller, Verena M. Dorn, Julia F. Hagenguth, Ursa Prah, Theresia Widhalm, Viktoria Wiklicky, Michael BonkowskiAbstract:Seed Dressing, i.e. the treatment of crop Seeds with insecticides and/or fungicides, aiming to protect Seeds from pests and diseases, is widely used in conventional agriculture. During the growing season, those crop fields often receive additional broadband herbicide applications. However, despite this broad utilization, very little is known on potential side effects or interactions between these different pesticide classes on soil organisms. In a greenhouse pot experiment, we studied single and interactive effects of Seed Dressing of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var. Capo) with neonicotinoid insecticides and/or strobilurin and triazolinthione fungicides and an additional one-time application of a glyphosate-based herbicide on the activity of earthworms, soil microorganisms, litter decomposition and crop growth. To further address food-web interactions, earthworms were introduced to half of the experimental units as an additional experimental factor. Seed Dressings significantly reduced the surface activity of earthworms with no difference whether insecticides or fungicides were used. Moreover, Seed Dressing effects on earthworm activity were intensified by herbicides (significant herbicide x Seed Dressing interaction). Neither Seed Dressings nor herbicide application affected litter decomposition, soil basal respiration, microbial biomass or specific respiration. Seed Dressing did also not affect wheat growth. We conclude that interactive effects on soil biota and processes of different pesticide classes should receive more attention in ecotoxicological research.
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Pesticide Seed Dressings can affect the activity of various soil organisms and reduce decomposition of plant material.
BMC ecology, 2016Co-Authors: Johann G. Zaller, Nina König, Alexandra Tiefenbacher, Yoko Muraoka, Pascal Querner, Andreas Ratzenböck, Michael Bonkowski, Robert KollerAbstract:Seed Dressing with pesticides is widely used to protect crop Seeds from pest insects and fungal diseases. While there is mounting evidence that especially neonicotinoid Seed Dressings detrimentally affect insect pollinators, surprisingly little is known on potential side effects on soil biota. We hypothesized that soil organisms would be particularly susceptible to pesticide Seed Dressings as they get in direct contact with these chemicals. Using microcosms with field soil we investigated, whether Seeds treated either with neonicotinoid insecticides or fungicides influence the activity and interaction of earthworms, collembola, protozoa and microorganisms. The full-factorial design consisted of the factor Seed Dressing (control vs. insecticide vs. fungicide), Earthworm (no earthworms vs. addition Lumbricus terrestris L.) and collembola (no collembola vs. addition Sinella curviseta Brook). We used commercially available wheat Seed material (Triticum aesticum L. cf. Lukullus) at a recommended Seeding density of 367 m−2. Seed Dressings (particularly fungicides) increased collembola surface activity, increased the number of protozoa and reduced plant decomposition rate but did not affect earthworm activity. Seed Dressings had no influence on wheat growth. Earthworms interactively affected the influence of Seed Dressings on collembola activity, whereas collembola increased earthworm surface activity but reduced soil basal respiration. Earthworms also decreased wheat growth, reduced soil basal respiration and microbial biomass but increased soil water content and electrical conductivity. The reported non-target effects of Seed Dressings and their interactions with soil organisms are remarkable because they were observed after a one-time application of only 18 pesticide treated Seeds per experimental pot. Because of the increasing use of Seed Dressing in agriculture and the fundamental role of soil organisms in agroecosystems these ecological interactions should receive more attention.
Robert Koller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Single and Combined Effects of Pesticide Seed Dressings and Herbicides on Earthworms, Soil Microorganisms, and Litter Decomposition.
Frontiers in plant science, 2017Co-Authors: Willem Van Hoesel, Nina König, Alexandra Tiefenbacher, Robert Koller, Verena M. Dorn, Julia F. Hagenguth, Ursa Prah, Theresia Widhalm, Viktoria Wiklicky, Michael BonkowskiAbstract:Seed Dressing, i.e. the treatment of crop Seeds with insecticides and/or fungicides, aiming to protect Seeds from pests and diseases, is widely used in conventional agriculture. During the growing season, those crop fields often receive additional broadband herbicide applications. However, despite this broad utilization, very little is known on potential side effects or interactions between these different pesticide classes on soil organisms. In a greenhouse pot experiment, we studied single and interactive effects of Seed Dressing of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var. Capo) with neonicotinoid insecticides and/or strobilurin and triazolinthione fungicides and an additional one-time application of a glyphosate-based herbicide on the activity of earthworms, soil microorganisms, litter decomposition and crop growth. To further address food-web interactions, earthworms were introduced to half of the experimental units as an additional experimental factor. Seed Dressings significantly reduced the surface activity of earthworms with no difference whether insecticides or fungicides were used. Moreover, Seed Dressing effects on earthworm activity were intensified by herbicides (significant herbicide x Seed Dressing interaction). Neither Seed Dressings nor herbicide application affected litter decomposition, soil basal respiration, microbial biomass or specific respiration. Seed Dressing did also not affect wheat growth. We conclude that interactive effects on soil biota and processes of different pesticide classes should receive more attention in ecotoxicological research.
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Pesticide Seed Dressings can affect the activity of various soil organisms and reduce decomposition of plant material.
BMC ecology, 2016Co-Authors: Johann G. Zaller, Nina König, Alexandra Tiefenbacher, Yoko Muraoka, Pascal Querner, Andreas Ratzenböck, Michael Bonkowski, Robert KollerAbstract:Seed Dressing with pesticides is widely used to protect crop Seeds from pest insects and fungal diseases. While there is mounting evidence that especially neonicotinoid Seed Dressings detrimentally affect insect pollinators, surprisingly little is known on potential side effects on soil biota. We hypothesized that soil organisms would be particularly susceptible to pesticide Seed Dressings as they get in direct contact with these chemicals. Using microcosms with field soil we investigated, whether Seeds treated either with neonicotinoid insecticides or fungicides influence the activity and interaction of earthworms, collembola, protozoa and microorganisms. The full-factorial design consisted of the factor Seed Dressing (control vs. insecticide vs. fungicide), Earthworm (no earthworms vs. addition Lumbricus terrestris L.) and collembola (no collembola vs. addition Sinella curviseta Brook). We used commercially available wheat Seed material (Triticum aesticum L. cf. Lukullus) at a recommended Seeding density of 367 m−2. Seed Dressings (particularly fungicides) increased collembola surface activity, increased the number of protozoa and reduced plant decomposition rate but did not affect earthworm activity. Seed Dressings had no influence on wheat growth. Earthworms interactively affected the influence of Seed Dressings on collembola activity, whereas collembola increased earthworm surface activity but reduced soil basal respiration. Earthworms also decreased wheat growth, reduced soil basal respiration and microbial biomass but increased soil water content and electrical conductivity. The reported non-target effects of Seed Dressings and their interactions with soil organisms are remarkable because they were observed after a one-time application of only 18 pesticide treated Seeds per experimental pot. Because of the increasing use of Seed Dressing in agriculture and the fundamental role of soil organisms in agroecosystems these ecological interactions should receive more attention.
Birendra Singh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Integrated management of Fusarium wilt by combined soil application and Seed Dressing formulations of Trichoderma species to increase grain yield of chickpea
International Journal of Pest Management, 2013Co-Authors: Sunil C Dubey, Aradhika Tripathi, Birendra SinghAbstract:Wilt caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris adversely affects the productivity of cultivated chickpea. For the management of this disease, Seed and soil application formulations developed from another fungus, Trichoderma species, were evaluated. In pot experiments, T. harzianum-based formulations Pusa 5SD for Seed Dressing and Pusa Biopellet (PBP) 10G and Pusa Biogranule (PBG) 5 for soil application, and T. viride-based formulations Pusa 5SD for Seed Dressing and PBP 4G and PBG 4 for soil application, were found to be highly effective against the disease. A combination of PBP 4G (T. viride) for soil application and Pusa 5SD (T. harzianum) for Seed treatment together with a fungicide, carboxin, provided the highest Seed germination, shoot and root lengths and grain yield with the lowest incidence of wilt in chickpea under field conditions. Individually, soil application of PBP 4G, and Seed treatment with Pusa 5SD were effective in reducing the incidence of wilt and increasing the grain yiel...
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evaluation of Seed Dressing and soil application formulations of trichoderma species for integrated management of dry root rot of chickpea
Biocontrol Science and Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Sunil C Dubey, Aradhika Tripathi, R Bhavani, Birendra SinghAbstract:Abstract The efficacy of the newly developed Seed Dressing and soil application formulations of Trichoderma viride, T. virens and T. harzianum were evaluated individually and in combinations under pot and field experiments for the management of dry root rot (Rhizoctonia bataticola) of chickpea (Cicer arientinum). In pot experiments, T. harzianum based Seed Dressing formulation, Pusa 5SD, and soil application formulations, Pusa Biogranule 5 (PBG 5) and Pusa Biopellet 10G (PBP 10G), were found to be effective in reducing dry root rot incidence in chickpea and increasing the Seed germination, shoot and root lengths of the crop. Under field experiments, a combination of soil application of T. harzianum based PBP 10G and Seed treatment with Pusa 5SD+carboxin was found to be the best by providing the highest Seed germination, shoot and root lengths and grain yield and the lowest dry root rot incidence in chickpea.
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development of pusa 5sd for Seed Dressing and pusa biopellet 10g for soil application formulations of trichoderma harzianum and their evaluation for integrated management of dry root rot of mungbean vigna radiata
Biological Control, 2009Co-Authors: Sunil C Dubey, R Bhavani, Birendra SinghAbstract:Various Seed Dressing and soil application formulations were developed from Trichoderma viride, T. virens and T. harzianum to increase the shelf life of bio-formulations used to manage dry root rot (Rhizoctonia bataticola) of mungbean (Vigna radiata), a major yield limiting factor in mungbean production. The shelf life of the formulations developed in the present study was monitored by counting colony forming units (cfu) up to 25 months of storage at room temperature (26 ± 8 °C). A newly developed Seed Dressing formulation, Pusa 5SD based on peat powder (47.5%), Sabudana powder (Manihot esculenta) (47.5%) and carboxymethyl cellulose (5%) and a newly developed soil application formulation, Pusa Biopellet (PBP) based on sodium alginate, aluminium silicate, Sabudana powder and tap water (1:5:5:100 w/w/w/v) exhibited longer shelf life. Another formulation Pusa Biogranule (PBG) based on wheat and pulse brans varied in cfu counts during different periods of storage. Pusa 5SD could be used up to 25 months of storage while PBP 10G and PBG 5 could be used up to 15 months of storage (>105 cfu). The efficacy of the formulations was evaluated in pot experiments against the disease. In these experiments, T. harzianum based PBP 10G and PBG 5 for soil application, and Pusa 5SD for Seed treatment were found to be superior to others in reducing the dry root rot incidence, and increasing the Seed germination and shoot and root lengths. However, a combination of soil application of PBP 10G (T. harzianum) and Seed treatment with T. harzianum based Pusa 5SD + carboxin was found superior to the use of any of these formulations alone in reducing the dry root rot incidence (87.2%) and increasing the Seed germination (43.0%), shoot length (40.3%), root length (37.0%) and grain yield (54.6%) of mungbean crop over those of untreated control under sick field conditions.
Paulo Roger Lopes Alves - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Seed Dressing pesticides on springtails in two ecotoxicological laboratory tests
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 2014Co-Authors: Paulo Roger Lopes Alves, Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira Cardoso, Alexandre M. Martines, José Paulo Sousa, Amarildo PasiniAbstract:Terrestrial ecotoxicological tests are powerful tools for assessing the ecological risks that pesticides pose to soil invertebrates, but they are rarely used to evaluate Seed Dressing pesticides. This study investigated the effects of Seed Dressing pesticides on survival and reproduction of Folsomia candida (Collembola), using standardized ecotoxicological tests (after ISO guidelines with few adaptations for tropical conditions). Commercial formulations of five Seed Dressing pesticides were tested individually in Tropical Artificial Soil (TAS): the insecticides imidacloprid, fipronil, thiametoxam, and the fungicides captan and carboxin+thiram. Thiametoxam, captan, and carboxin+thiram were only lethal to F. candida at the highest concentration tested (1000mg of active ingredient kg(-1) of dry soil). Imidacloprid and fipronil were lethal at lower concentrations (100 and 10mg a.i. kg(-1) soil d.w, respectively), however, these concentrations were much higher than those predicted (PEC) for soil. Imidacloprid and fipronil were the most toxic pesticides in both tests, reducing significantly collembolan reproduction (EC20=0.02 and 0.12mga.i.kg(-1) soil d.w, respectively). Further studies under more realistic conditions are needed, since imidacloprid and fipronil reduced collembolan reproduction at concentrations below or close to their respective PECs.
