The Experts below are selected from a list of 1041 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Peter Muris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Selective Mutism and Its Relations to Social Anxiety Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 2021Co-Authors: Peter Muris, Thomas H. OllendickAbstract:In current classification systems, Selective Mutism (SM) is included in the broad anxiety disorders category. Indeed, there is abundant evidence showing that anxiety, and social anxiety in particular, is a prominent feature of SM. In this article, we point out that autism spectrum problems in addition to anxiety problems are sometimes also implicated in SM. To build our case, we summarize evidence showing that SM, social anxiety disorder (SAD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are allied clinical conditions and share communalities in the realm of social difficulties. Following this, we address the role of a prototypical class of ASD symptoms, restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests (RRBIs), which are hypothesized to play a special role in the preservation and exacerbation of social difficulties. We then substantiate our point that SM is sometimes more than an anxiety disorder by addressing its special link with ASD in more detail. Finally, we close by noting that the possible involvement of ASD in SM has a number of consequences for clinical practice with regard to its classification, assessment, and treatment of children with SM and highlight a number of directions for future research.
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Anxiety in Children with Selective Mutism: A Meta-analysis
Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 2019Co-Authors: Jim Driessen, Peter Muris, Jan Dirk Blom, Roger K. Blashfield, Marc L. MolendijkAbstract:This study evaluates the current conceptualization of Selective Mutism (SM) as an anxiety disorder in the DSM-5 using a meta-analytic approach. In the absence of any systematic assessment of anxiety in the field of SM, we pooled prevalence data of comorbid anxiety disorders in a random-effects meta-analysis. On the basis of 22 eligible studies ( N = 837), we found that 80% of the children with SM were diagnosed with an additional anxiety disorder, notably social phobia (69%). However, considerable heterogeneity was present, which remained unexplained by a priori specified moderators. The finding that SM is often diagnosed in combination with anxiety disorders, indicates that these disorders are not discrete, separable categories. Moreover, this finding does not help to elucidate the relation between SM and anxiety as an etiological mechanism or symptomatic feature. Broadening our research strategies regarding the assessment of anxiety is paramount to clarify the role of anxiety in SM, and allow for proper classification.
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Children of Few Words: Relations Among Selective Mutism, Behavioral Inhibition, and (Social) Anxiety Symptoms in 3- to 6-Year-Olds
Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 2016Co-Authors: Peter Muris, Eline HendriksAbstract:Children with Selective Mutism (SM) fail to speak in specific public situations (e.g., school), despite speaking normally in other situations (e.g., at home). The current study explored the phenomenon of SM in a sample of 57 non-clinical children aged 3–6 years. Children performed two speech tasks to assess their absolute amount of spoken words, while their parents completed questionnaires for measuring children’s levels of SM, social anxiety and non-social anxiety symptoms as well as the temperament characteristic of behavioral inhibition. The results indicated that high levels of parent-reported SM were primarily associated with high levels of social anxiety symptoms. The number of spoken words was negatively related to behavioral inhibition: children with a more inhibited temperament used fewer words during the speech tasks. Future research is necessary to test whether the temperament characteristic of behavioral inhibition prompts children to speak less in novel social situations, and whether it is mainly social anxiety that turns this taciturnity into the psychopathology of SM.
Hanne Kristensen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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communication and
2016Co-Authors: Hanne KristensenAbstract:A randomized controlled trial of a home and school-based intervention for Selective Mutism – defocuse
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Is Selective Mutism associated with deficits in memory span and visual memory?: An exploratory case-control study.
Depression and anxiety, 2006Co-Authors: Hanne Kristensen, Beate OerbeckAbstract:Our main aim in this study was to explore the association between Selective Mutism (SM) and aspects of nonverbal cognition such as visual memory span and visual memory. Auditory-verbal memory span was also examined. The etiology of SM is unclear, and it probably represents a heterogeneous condition. SM is associated with language impairment, but nonspecific neurodevelopmental factors, including motor problems, are also reported in SM without language impairment. Furthermore, SM is described in Asperger's syndrome. Studies on nonverbal cognition in SM thus merit further investigation. Neuropsychological tests were administered to a clinical sample of 32 children and adolescents with SM (ages 6-17 years, 14 boys and 18 girls) and 62 nonreferred controls matched for age, gender, and socioeconomic status. We used independent t-tests to compare groups with regard to auditory-verbal memory span, visual memory span, and visual memory (Benton Visual Retention Test), and employed linear regression analysis to study the impact of SM on visual memory, controlling for IQ and measures of language and motor function. The SM group differed from controls on auditory-verbal memory span but not on visual memory span. Controlled for IQ, language, and motor function, the SM group did not differ from controls on visual memory. Motor function was the strongest predictor of visual memory performance. SM does not appear to be associated with deficits in visual memory span or visual memory. The reduced auditory-verbal memory span supports the association between SM and language impairment. More comprehensive neuropsychological studies are needed.
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Selective Mutism and comorbidity with developmental disorder delay anxiety disorder and elimination disorder
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2000Co-Authors: Hanne KristensenAbstract:ABSTRACT Objectives To assess the comorbidity of developmental disorder/delay in children with Selective Mutism (SM) and to assess other comorbid symptoms such as anxiety, enuresis, and encopresis. Method Subjects with SM and their matched controls were evaluated by a comprehensive assessment of the child and by means of a parental structured diagnostic interview with focus on developmental history. Diagnoses were made according to DSM-IV. Results A total of 54 children with SM and 108 control children were evaluated. Of the children with SM, 68.5% met the criteria for a diagnosis reflecting developmental disorder/delay compared with 13.0% in the control group. The criteria for any anxiety diagnosis were met by 74.1% in the SM group and for an elimination disorder by 31.5% versus 7.4% and 9.3%, respectively, in the control group. In the SM group, 46.3% of the children met the criteria for both an anxiety diagnosis and a diagnosis reflecting developmental disorder/delay versus 0.9% in the controls. Conclusions SM is associated with developmental disorder/delay nearly as frequently as with anxiety disorders. The Mutism may conceal developmental problems in children with SM. Children with SM often meet diagnostic criteria for both a developmental and an anxiety disorder.
Thomas H. Ollendick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Selective Mutism and Its Relations to Social Anxiety Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 2021Co-Authors: Peter Muris, Thomas H. OllendickAbstract:In current classification systems, Selective Mutism (SM) is included in the broad anxiety disorders category. Indeed, there is abundant evidence showing that anxiety, and social anxiety in particular, is a prominent feature of SM. In this article, we point out that autism spectrum problems in addition to anxiety problems are sometimes also implicated in SM. To build our case, we summarize evidence showing that SM, social anxiety disorder (SAD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are allied clinical conditions and share communalities in the realm of social difficulties. Following this, we address the role of a prototypical class of ASD symptoms, restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests (RRBIs), which are hypothesized to play a special role in the preservation and exacerbation of social difficulties. We then substantiate our point that SM is sometimes more than an anxiety disorder by addressing its special link with ASD in more detail. Finally, we close by noting that the possible involvement of ASD in SM has a number of consequences for clinical practice with regard to its classification, assessment, and treatment of children with SM and highlight a number of directions for future research.
Joel Gelernter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a common genetic variant in the neurexin superfamily member cntnap2 is associated with increased risk for Selective Mutism and social anxiety related traits
Biological Psychiatry, 2011Co-Authors: Murray B Stein, Baozhu Yang, Denise A Chavira, Carla A Hitchcock, Sharon C Sung, Elisa Shiponblum, Joel GelernterAbstract:Background Selective Mutism (SM), considered an early-onset variant of social anxiety disorder, shares features of impaired social interaction and communication with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) suggesting a possible shared pathophysiology. We examined association of a susceptibility gene, contactin-associated protein-like 2 ( CNTNAP2 ), for ASDs and specific language impairment with SM and social anxiety-related traits. Methods Sample 1 subjects were 99 nuclear families including 106 children with SM. Sample 2 subjects were young adults who completed measures of social interactional anxiety ( n = 1028) and childhood behavioral inhibition ( n = 920). Five single nucleotide polymorphisms in CNTNAP2 (including rs7794745 and rs2710102, previously associated with ASDs) were genotyped. Results Analyses revealed nominal significance ( p = .018) for association of SM with rs2710102, which, with rs6944808, was part of a common haplotype associated with SM (permutation p = .022). Adjusting for sex and ancestral proportion, each copy of the rs2710102*a risk allele in the young adults was associated with increased odds of being >1 SD above the mean on the Social Interactional Anxiety Scale (odds ratio=1.33, p = .015) and Retrospective Self-Report of Inhibition (odds ratio=1.40, p = .010). Conclusions Although association was found with rs2710102, the risk allele (a) for the traits studied here is the nonrisk allele for ASD and specific language impairment. These findings suggest a partially shared etiology between ASDs and SM and raise questions about which aspects of these syndromes are potentially influenced by CNTNAP2 and mechanism(s) by which these influences may be conveyed.
Podgórska-jachnik Dorota - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Selective Mutism and shyness. Differential diagnosis and strategies supporting child development
'Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan', 2020Co-Authors: Podgórska-jachnik DorotaAbstract:The article deals with the problem of differential diagnosis of extreme reticence or Selective speech in a child, categorised as Selective Mutism and shyness. Selective Mutism is an increasingly recognized disorder among preschool and school children. It manifests itself functionally in the sphere of speech and communication, but in relation to the anxiety factor. As an anxiety disorder, it is categorised in the latest medical classifications ICD-11 and DSM-5, and therefore, primarily psychological or psychiatric therapeutic intervention could be expected. The specificity of the pathomechanism of Selective Mutism, however, requires interdisciplinary activities, with a room for a speech therapist, a special pedagogue (e.g. at a public school as a supporting teacher), any other pedagogue working with the child (educator, teacher of integrated classes, subject teacher), other specialists (therapist pedagogue, physiotherapist), as well as the parents. The speech therapist may play a special role in the diagnosis of Mutism in the conditions of inclusive education, as he will probably be the first specialist who will receive a child who is not speaking or very taciturn at a public school. In the article, the diagnosis of Selective Mutism is associated with the differential diagnosis of shyness, which may not be treated as a disorder, but only a certain personality trait, but with incompetent pedagogical support in everyday educational practice it can lead to more serious difficulties, including logophobia and Mutism. The diagnosis of Mutism requires specialised therapeutic measures, but with the awareness of the differences in the situations of a shy child and a child with Mutism, it is worth learning some supportive strategies that are useful in both cases.The article deals with the problem of differential diagnosis of extreme reticence or Selective speech in a child, categorised as Selective Mutism and shyness. Selective Mutism is an increasingly recognized disorder among preschool and school children. It manifests itself functionally in the sphere of speech and communication, but in relation to the anxiety factor. As an anxiety disorder, it is categorised in the latest medical classifications ICD-11 and DSM-5, and therefore, primarily psychological or psychiatric therapeutic intervention could be expected. The specificity of the pathomechanism of Selective Mutism, however, requires interdisciplinary activities, with a room for a speech therapist, a special pedagogue (e.g. at a public school as a supporting teacher), any other pedagogue working with the child (educator, teacher of integrated classes, subject teacher), other specialists (therapist pedagogue, physiotherapist), as well as the parents. The speech therapist may play a special role in the diagnosis of Mutism in the conditions of inclusive education, as he will probably be the first specialist who will receive a child who is not speaking or very taciturn at a public school. In the article, the diagnosis of Selective Mutism is associated with the differential diagnosis of shyness, which may not be treated as a disorder, but only a certain personality trait, but with incompetent pedagogical support in everyday educational practice it can lead to more serious difficulties, including logophobia and Mutism. The diagnosis of Mutism requires specialised therapeutic measures, but with the awareness of the differences in the situations of a shy child and a child with Mutism, it is worth learning some supportive strategies that are useful in both cases
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Selective Mutism and shyness. Differential diagnosis and strategies supporting child development
'Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan', 2020Co-Authors: Podgórska-jachnik DorotaAbstract:The article deals with the problem of differential diagnosis of extreme reticence or Selective speech in a child, categorised as Selective Mutism and shyness. Selective Mutism is an increasingly recognized disorder among preschool and school children. It manifests itself functionally in the sphere of speech and communication, but in relation to the anxiety factor. As an anxiety disorder, it is categorised in the latest medical classifications ICD-11 and DSM-5, and therefore, primarily psychological or psychiatric therapeutic intervention could be expected. The specificity of the pathomechanism of Selective Mutism, however, requires interdisciplinary activities, with a room for a speech therapist, a special pedagogue (e.g. at a public school as a supporting teacher), any other pedagogue working with the child (educator, teacher of integrated classes, subject teacher), other specialists (therapist pedagogue, physiotherapist), as well as the parents. The speech therapist may play a special role in the diagnosis of Mutism in the conditions of inclusive education, as he will probably be the first specialist who will receive a child who is not speaking or very taciturn at a public school. In the article, the diagnosis of Selective Mutism is associated with the differential diagnosis of shyness, which may not be treated as a disorder, but only a certain personality trait, but with incompetent pedagogical support in everyday educational practice it can lead to more serious difficulties, including logophobia and Mutism. The diagnosis of Mutism requires specialised therapeutic measures, but with the awareness of the differences in the situations of a shy child and a child with Mutism, it is worth learning some supportive strategies that are useful in both cases