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Barbara Mullan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Qualitative Application of Temporal Self-Regulation Theory to Understand Adherence to Simple and Complex Medication Regimens.
Healthcare (Basel Switzerland), 2020Co-Authors: Caitlin Liddelow, Barbara Mullan, Mark Boyes, Hannah McbrideAbstract:Medication adherence is a global health concern, and variables of temporal Self-Regulation Theory (TST) have been shown to be important in improving adherence. This qualitative study aims to explore how TST can help explain medication adherence in people's daily lives, and whether there are differences in the adherence to simple and complex medication regimens. Twenty-nine participants from Australia engaged in semi-structured interviews based on TST (intention, behavioural prepotency, Self-Regulation), and other variables important to adherence. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Six themes were identified (Routines, External Supports, Cost, Sense of Agency, Adverse Outcomes, and Weighing Up Pros and Cons), with partial support for TST (specifically intention, past behaviour, cues and planning). Four themes not related to TST were also identified. Individuals with more complex medication regimens spoke of the importance of routines, planning, and knowledge-seeking, whereas those with simpler regimens spoke of the importance of visual cues. TST may be useful for identifying some variables important in medication adherence, however, additional factors were also identified. For simple regimens, future research should focus on the manipulation of visual cues. For complex regimens, health professionals should consider supporting the use of medication management apps to assist in planning and ensuring a consistent routine.
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Understanding the predictors of medication adherence: applying temporal Self-Regulation Theory
Psychology & health, 2020Co-Authors: Caitlin Liddelow, Barbara Mullan, Mark BoyesAbstract:This study aimed to explore the applicability of temporal Self-Regulation Theory (TST) in adherence to medication, using two self-report measures of behaviour. Recruited through TurkPrime, 191 US a...
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Exploring temporal Self-Regulation Theory to predict sugar-sweetened beverage consumption.
Psychology & health, 2020Co-Authors: Angela Moran, Barbara MullanAbstract:Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is a high-risk dietary behaviour and represents a pressing public health concern.Objective: The present research aimed to utilize temporal Self-Regulation...
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Can temporal Self-Regulation Theory and 'sensitivity to reward' predict binge drinking amongst university students in Australia?
Addictive behaviors, 2019Co-Authors: Kym S. Murray, Barbara MullanAbstract:Abstract Objectives Many university students consume more alcohol than their non-student peers, engaging in binge drinking episodes that increase the likelihood of experiencing both mental and physical harm. The aim of the current study was to test the predictive utility of temporal Self-Regulation Theory (TST), and the additional construct of ‘sensitivity to reward’, in accounting for variance in binge drinking behavior amongst Australian university students. Design A prospective correlational design with two time points one week apart. Methods A convenience sample of 491 university students were recruited to an online survey. At time one, participants completed self-report measures assessing TST constructs (intention, behavior prepotency, Self-Regulation), as well as ‘sensitivity to reward’. One week later at time two, 392 participants (18–62 years, 76.8% female) completed an online account of their alcohol use over the previous seven days. Results Using hierarchical multiple regression analyses, TST significantly predicted binge drinking behaviors (binge drinking episodes: R2 = 0.41, p Conclusions Results indicated TST, incorporating deliberate and automatic processes, provided a good understanding of behavior. Behavior prepotency (habit, cues to action, past behavior) also impacted the two binge drinking behaviors differently. Finally, this study offers direction into future research regarding interventions surrounding habitual drinking behaviors whilst studying at university.
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Understanding supplement use: an application of temporal Self-Regulation Theory.
Psychology health & medicine, 2017Co-Authors: Vanessa Allom, Barbara Mullan, Allison Clifford, Amanda L. RebarAbstract:Vitamin and mineral supplement use is increasing worldwide. As evidence of the effects of these practices are equivocal at best, it is important to determine why individuals engage in vitamin and m...
Thomas L. Webb - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Using Temporal Self-Regulation Theory to understand healthy and unhealthy eating intentions and behaviour
Appetite, 2017Co-Authors: Rachel Evans, Paul Norman, Thomas L. WebbAbstract:Abstract Objectives The present research investigated whether Temporal Self-Regulation Theory (TST) can be used to help understand healthy and unhealthy eating intentions and behaviour. Design A prospective design with two waves of data collection one week apart. Method An online survey measured the key components of TST (i.e., connectedness, timing and valence beliefs, intentions, past behaviour, habit strength, perceived environmental cues, and self-control) with respect to eating fruit and vegetables (FV N = 133) or unhealthy snacks (N = 125). Eating behaviour was assessed one week later. Results The components of TST explained significant amounts of the variance in intentions and behaviour for intake of F&Vs (22% and 64%, respectively) and unhealthy snacks (18% and 35%, respectively). Beliefs about positive and negative short-term outcomes significantly predicted intentions to perform both behaviours. Intentions and past behaviour significantly predicted consumption of F&Vs, and past behaviour moderated the relationship between intention and behaviour which became stronger as past behaviour increased. Past behaviour and habit strength significantly predicted unhealthy snacking. Conclusions The findings suggest that TST may be a useful framework for understanding eating intentions and behaviour. However, research did not find support for all of the hypothesised relationships (e.g., self-regulatory capacity did not significantly predict eating behaviour and also failed to moderate the relationships between intentions and behaviour). Research using alternative measures of self-regulatory capacity, along with experimental manipulations of TST variables, may be needed to further understand eating intentions and behaviour.
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Using temporal Self-Regulation Theory to predict healthy and unhealthy eating intentions and behaviour
The European health psychologist, 2016Co-Authors: Rachel Evans, Paul Norman, Thomas L. WebbAbstract:Background. Temporal Self-Regulation Theory (TST) proposes that behaviour is determined by intention, which is predicted by beliefs about the connectedness (likelihood), temporality and valence of behavioural outcomes. The link between intention and behaviour is hypothesized to be moderated by behavioural prepotency (BPP) and self-regulatory capacity (SRC), which also directly influence behaviour. This study aimed to test these relationships for healthy and unhealthy eating behaviour. Methods. An online survey measured the key components of TST for fruit and vegetable intake (N = 139) or unhealthy snacking (N = 128), i.e., connectedness, temporality and valence beliefs, intention, BPP (past behaviour, habit) and SRC (self-control). Eating behaviour was assessed one week later. Findings. TST explained 23% of variance in fruit and vegetable intentions and 22% of the variance in snacking intentions. TST explained 46% of the variance in fruit and vegetable intake at follow-up, with intention and past behaviour as significant predictors. Past behaviour moderated the relationship between intention and behaviour. TST explained 24% of the variance in snacking behaviour with habit and past behaviour as significant predictors. There were no moderation effects. Discussion. Overall, the study provided mixed support for TST. Contrary to hypotheses, SRC did not predict healthy or unhealthy eating behaviour and moderation effects on the intention-behaviour relationship were only found for fruit and vegetable intake. Further research is needed to examine the role of SRC and BPP in the performance of health behaviours. The findings have implications for the development of Theory-driven interventions designed to modify these behaviours.
Rachel Evans - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Understanding the determinants of healthy and unhealthy eating behaviour : an application of temporal Self-Regulation Theory
2020Co-Authors: Rachel EvansAbstract:Chronic non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease pose a significant global burden in term of disability, mortality, and associated economic costs. Chapter 1 reviews evidence for link between diet and health, and argues that ensuring that individuals are eating healthfully (i.e., a higher proportion of foods that are conductive to health and a low proportion of foods that are not conductive to health) is a key strategy to improve public health. Recent government guidelines in the United Kingdom (where the sample population for the studies in this thesis is drawn from) are outlined and it is highlighted that current consumption does not match recommendations for health, and therefore, it is necessary to build more effective interventions to reverse consumption trends. Chapter 2 provides a brief background and evaluation of the use of theoretical models in describing, predicting and explaining dietary behaviour. In light of the limitations of traditional social cognitive models, Temporal Self-Regulation Theory (TST) is discussed as a theoretically promising alterative, but gaps in the evidence base are identified. Chapter 3 presents the first study in the thesis. It is composed of a pilot study and prospective survey. The pilot study investigated the expected outcomes of fruit and vegetable (FV however, further research is required to extend the findings using a different measure of self-regulatory capacity. Chapter 4 presents a study that aimed to investigate how different measures of self-regulatory capacity relate to eating behaviour. The chapter begins with a discussion of the different ways in which researchers have conceptualised and measured self-regulatory capacity as level of self-control or specific executive functions. Study 2 tested how well unhealthy eating (which can be thought of as a Self-Regulation dilemma) could be predicted by multiple measures of self-regulatory capacity; conceptualised as a global ability or specific cognitive functions, and assessed via self-report or objective methods. In addition, self-report and objective measures of chocolate consumption were administered in order to explore if measurement congruence influenced the statistical strength of the relationship between self-regulatory capacity and unhealthy eating. None of the measures of self-control were significantly correlated to measures of food consumed for the sample as a whole. For individuals with high intentions to avoid high calorie snacks, scores on an objective measure of switching (a dimension of excutitive functioning) were correlated with unhealthy eating such that those who were less flexible ate less chocolate in the past week. Overall, these findings were contrary to predictions based on TST and theories of Self-Regulation, which propose that the capacity self-regulate is important for avoiding unhealthy behaviour. After conducting Study 2, it was concluded that further research was necessary to synthesise current research findings and to (i) establish the strength of the relationship between self-regulatory capacity and healthful eating, and (ii) identify moderators of this relationship. Chapter 5 presents a systematic review and meta-analysis of the correlation between measures of self-regulatory capacity (which were broadened from self-control, executive function and delay of gratification, to include impulsivity and conscientiousness) and food consumption. Data from 120 studies and over 77,000 participants showed a significant, small, positive correlation indicating that those with better capacity to self-regulate ate more healthfully (i.e., a higher quantity of healthy foods and/or lower quantity of unhealthy foods). The aspect of self-regulatory capacity moderated the relationship between self-regulatory capacity and food consumption, as did the type of measure (i.e., self-report or objective) of self-regulatory capacity. The final chapter (6) reviews the main findings in this thesis, including that behaviour appears to be directed by both automatic and reflective processes in line with TST and dual process theories. However, the contribution of these processes is not consistent across different eating behaviours and contexts, and these variations warrant further investigation. Overall, future directions for research and interventions are suggested to enable a better understanding of the determinants of food consumption patterns and develop interventions to reverse current unhealthy eating trends.
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Using Temporal Self-Regulation Theory to understand healthy and unhealthy eating intentions and behaviour
Appetite, 2017Co-Authors: Rachel Evans, Paul Norman, Thomas L. WebbAbstract:Abstract Objectives The present research investigated whether Temporal Self-Regulation Theory (TST) can be used to help understand healthy and unhealthy eating intentions and behaviour. Design A prospective design with two waves of data collection one week apart. Method An online survey measured the key components of TST (i.e., connectedness, timing and valence beliefs, intentions, past behaviour, habit strength, perceived environmental cues, and self-control) with respect to eating fruit and vegetables (FV N = 133) or unhealthy snacks (N = 125). Eating behaviour was assessed one week later. Results The components of TST explained significant amounts of the variance in intentions and behaviour for intake of F&Vs (22% and 64%, respectively) and unhealthy snacks (18% and 35%, respectively). Beliefs about positive and negative short-term outcomes significantly predicted intentions to perform both behaviours. Intentions and past behaviour significantly predicted consumption of F&Vs, and past behaviour moderated the relationship between intention and behaviour which became stronger as past behaviour increased. Past behaviour and habit strength significantly predicted unhealthy snacking. Conclusions The findings suggest that TST may be a useful framework for understanding eating intentions and behaviour. However, research did not find support for all of the hypothesised relationships (e.g., self-regulatory capacity did not significantly predict eating behaviour and also failed to moderate the relationships between intentions and behaviour). Research using alternative measures of self-regulatory capacity, along with experimental manipulations of TST variables, may be needed to further understand eating intentions and behaviour.
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Using temporal Self-Regulation Theory to predict healthy and unhealthy eating intentions and behaviour
The European health psychologist, 2016Co-Authors: Rachel Evans, Paul Norman, Thomas L. WebbAbstract:Background. Temporal Self-Regulation Theory (TST) proposes that behaviour is determined by intention, which is predicted by beliefs about the connectedness (likelihood), temporality and valence of behavioural outcomes. The link between intention and behaviour is hypothesized to be moderated by behavioural prepotency (BPP) and self-regulatory capacity (SRC), which also directly influence behaviour. This study aimed to test these relationships for healthy and unhealthy eating behaviour. Methods. An online survey measured the key components of TST for fruit and vegetable intake (N = 139) or unhealthy snacking (N = 128), i.e., connectedness, temporality and valence beliefs, intention, BPP (past behaviour, habit) and SRC (self-control). Eating behaviour was assessed one week later. Findings. TST explained 23% of variance in fruit and vegetable intentions and 22% of the variance in snacking intentions. TST explained 46% of the variance in fruit and vegetable intake at follow-up, with intention and past behaviour as significant predictors. Past behaviour moderated the relationship between intention and behaviour. TST explained 24% of the variance in snacking behaviour with habit and past behaviour as significant predictors. There were no moderation effects. Discussion. Overall, the study provided mixed support for TST. Contrary to hypotheses, SRC did not predict healthy or unhealthy eating behaviour and moderation effects on the intention-behaviour relationship were only found for fruit and vegetable intake. Further research is needed to examine the role of SRC and BPP in the performance of health behaviours. The findings have implications for the development of Theory-driven interventions designed to modify these behaviours.
Linda D. Cameron - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Self-Regulation principles underlying risk perception and decision making within the context of genomic testing
Social and personality psychology compass, 2017Co-Authors: Linda D. Cameron, Barbara B. Biesecker, Ellen Peters, Jennifer M. Taber, William M. P. KleinAbstract:Advances in Theory and research on Self-Regulation and decision-making processes have yielded important insights into how cognitive, emotional, and social processes shape risk perceptions and risk-related decisions. We examine how Self-Regulation Theory can be applied to inform our understanding of decision-making processes within the context of genomic testing, a clinical arena in which individuals face complex risk information and potentially life-altering decisions. After presenting key principles of Self-Regulation, we present a genomic testing case example to illustrate how principles related to risk representations, approach and avoidance motivations, emotion regulation, defensive responses, temporal construals, and capacities such as numeric abilities can shape decisions and psychological responses during the genomic testing process. We conclude with implications for using Self-Regulation Theory to advance science within genomic testing and opportunities for how this research can inform further developments in Self-Regulation Theory.
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Temporal Self-Regulation Theory: towards a more comprehensive understanding of health behaviour
Health Psychology Review, 2010Co-Authors: Linda D. CameronAbstract:Temporal Self-Regulation Theory (TST), as presented by Hall and Fong (2007), meets a critical set of criteria for a useful Theory. First, a good Theory is one that offers new directions for researc...
Geoffrey T. Fong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Oxford Scholarship Online - Affective Dynamics in Temporal Self-Regulation Theory
Oxford Scholarship Online, 2018Co-Authors: Peter A. Hall, Geoffrey T. Fong, Cassandra J. LoweAbstract:Affective experiences are part of our everyday life, but do they influence health-related decisions and behaviors in a systematic way? Temporal Self-Regulation Theory (TST) posits that health behaviors are a joint function of neurobiologically rooted executive control processes, prepotency, and intentions. The relative weights of these in turn depend largely on the ecological context in which the behaviors are being performed. On the surface, then, TST is a model of health behavior that relies predominantly on social-cognitive and neurocognitive constructs to explain health behavior trajectories. For this reason, it appears to not deal directly with the topic of affect in general, and emotion more specifically. However, there are several facets of the TST model that involve these processes, or are heavily influenced by them. This chapter discusses each of the primary points of intersection between affective processes and constructs within TST.
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Temporal Self-Regulation Theory: a neurobiologically informed model for physical activity behavior.
Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2015Co-Authors: Peter A. Hall, Geoffrey T. FongAbstract:Dominant explanatory models for physical activity behavior are limited by the exclusion of several important components, including temporal dynamics, ecological forces, and neurobiological factors. The latter may be a critical omission, given the relevance of several aspects of cognitive function for the self-regulatory processes that are likely required for consistent implementation of physical activity behavior in everyday life. This narrative mini-review introduces temporal Self-Regulation Theory (TST; Hall & Fong, 2007; 2013), as a new explanatory model for physical activity behavior. Important features of the model include consideration of the default status of the physical activity behavior, as well as the disproportionate influence of temporally proximal behavioral contingencies. Most importantly, the TST model proposes positive feedback loops linking executive function and the performance of physical activity behavior. Specifically, those with relatively stronger executive control (and optimized brain structures supporting it, such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) are able to implement physical activity with more consistency than others, which in turn serves to strengthen the executive control network itself. The TST model has the potential to explain everyday variants of incidental physical activity, sport-related excellence via capacity for deliberate practise, and variability in the propensity to schedule and implement exercise routines.
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Temporal Self-Regulation Theory: Integrating Biological, Psychological, and Ecological Determinants of Health Behavior Performance
Social Neuroscience and Public Health, 2013Co-Authors: Peter A. Hall, Geoffrey T. FongAbstract:Temporal Self-Regulation Theory (TST) is an integrative model of individual health behavior that retains features of familiar social-cognitive models, but extends them to include neurobiological control resources and consideration of temporal factors in behavioral contingencies introduced by the ecological context in which the behavior occurs. The TST model posits that the intention-behavior link is subject to modification by executive control resources (i.e., inhibition, working memory, and attentional set shifting) and behavioral prepotency (i.e., habit strength, visceral appeal, or “default” status of the behavior). Intention itself is posited to be determined by the balance of costs and benefits of the behavior within a time-sensitive context, such that immediate factors are disproportionately influential. The TST model is intended to explain health protective behaviors, health risk behaviors, and single-occurrence choice behaviors that have relevance for health and wellbeing. Several links in the model are already supported by decades of research in behavioral economics, decision Theory, social psychology, and cognitive neuroscience. In this chapter, we introduce the TST model, describe its linkages to each of these research disciplines, and provide recommendations for how it can guide intervention strategy in the field of public health.
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Temporal Self-Regulation Theory: looking forward
Health Psychology Review, 2010Co-Authors: Peter A. Hall, Geoffrey T. FongAbstract:In our target article (Hall & Fong, 2007), published in the inaugural issue of Health Psychology Review, we set out to review a large volume of empirical and conceptual work from the past half-cent...
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temporal self regulation Theory a model for individual health behavior
Health Psychology Review, 2007Co-Authors: Peter A. Hall, Geoffrey T. FongAbstract:Abstract Human behavior often seems “maladaptive”, “self-defeating”, or “dysfunctional” to the observer. Upon closer examination, the rationality of human behavior largely depends on the temporal frame adopted; behaviors judged to be maladaptive in the long-run are usually driven by a strongly favorable balance of immediate costs and benefits. That is, many ‘‘maladaptive’’ behaviors are associated with substantial long-term costs and few (if any) long-term benefits; however, these same behaviors are frequently associated with many benefits and few costs for the individual at the time of action. In contrast, many avoided behaviors that seem ‘‘adaptive’’ to the outside observer, are in fact associated with substantial costs (and few benefits) at the time of action, leading to the perplexing but common state of affairs where individuals know ‘‘what is good for them’’, but do not do it. We present a new theoretical framework—Temporal Self-Regulation Theory—as a way of understanding human behavior in general, ...