The Experts below are selected from a list of 3204 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Roger Hewson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tick borne encephalitis virus united kingdom
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2020Co-Authors: Maya Holding, Steven T Pullan, Richard Vipond, Mara S Rocchi, Stuart D. Dowall, Jolyon M. Medlock, Daniel Carter, Matthew Baylis, James Lewis, Roger HewsonAbstract:During February 2018-January 2019, we conducted large-scale surveillance for the presence and prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and louping ill virus (LIV) in Sentinel Animals and ticks in the United Kingdom. Serum was collected from 1,309 deer culled across England and Scotland. Overall, 4% of samples were ELISA-positive for the TBEV serocomplex. A focus in the Thetford Forest area had the highest proportion (47.7%) of seropositive samples. Ticks collected from culled deer within seropositive regions were tested for viral RNA; 5 of 2,041 ticks tested positive by LIV/TBEV real-time reverse transcription PCR, all from within the Thetford Forest area. From 1 tick, we identified a full-length genomic sequence of TBEV. Thus, using deer as Sentinels revealed a potential TBEV focus in the United Kingdom. This detection of TBEV genomic sequence in UK ticks has important public health implications, especially for undiagnosed encephalitis.
E Pozio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hunting dogs as Sentinel Animals for monitoring infections with trichinella spp in wildlife
Parasites & Vectors, 2016Co-Authors: Maria Angeles Gomezmorales, Marco Selmi, Alessandra Ludovisi, Marco Amati, Eleonora Fiorentino, Lorenzo Breviglieri, Giovanni Poglayen, E PozioAbstract:Nematode parasites of the genus Trichinella are important foodborne pathogens transmitted by ingestion of striated muscles harbouring infective larvae. Wild carnivorous and omnivorous Animals are the most important reservoirs of these parasites. Hunting activities play an important role in Trichinella spp. epidemiology. The aim of the present work was to assess if serological detection of anti-Trichinella IgG in hunting dogs can be a tool to indirectly monitor Trichinella spp. infections in wildlife. An ELISA and a Western blot (Wb) were developed and validated. To validate the assays, serum samples were collected from 598 dogs considered to be Trichinella-free, 15 naturally infected dogs, and six experimentally infected foxes. Sera were tested by ELISA with Trichinella spiralis excretory/secretory antigens. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of ELISA were 100 % (95 % CI: 83.89–100 %) and 95.65 % (95 % CI: 93.69–97.14 %), respectively. Sera from Trichinella-infected dogs/foxes tested by Wb showed a three-band pattern ranging from 48 to 72 kDa. Since the prevalence of Toxocara canis is very high in dogs, the specificity of the ELISA and Wb was further assessed by testing sera for anti-T. canis IgG using T. canis excretory/secretory antigens. No cross-reactivity was observed. To evaluate the test’s reliability in the field, serum samples were collected from wild boar hunting dogs from Central Italy where Trichinella britovi was circulating among wildlife. Out of 384 hunting dog sera, 189 (49.2 %) tested positive by ELISA and of these, 56 (29.6 %) tested positive by Wb, showing an overall prevalence of 14.6 % (56/384) in the wild boar hunting dog population of the investigated area. The serological prevalence in hunting dogs was significantly (P < 0.001) associated with the hunting district’s altitude. This is in agreement with previous investigations, which had shown that the prevalence of T. britovi in wildlife was higher in mountainous areas than in lowland areas of Italy. The results suggest that the circulation of Trichinella spp. among wildlife can be monitored by testing sera from hunting dogs, which could act as Sentinel Animals of Trichinella spp. circulation in wildlife.
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Hunting dogs as Sentinel Animals for monitoring infections with Trichinella spp. in wildlife.
Parasites & Vectors, 2016Co-Authors: Maria Angeles Gómez-morales, Marco Selmi, Alessandra Ludovisi, Marco Amati, Eleonora Fiorentino, Lorenzo Breviglieri, Giovanni Poglayen, E PozioAbstract:Nematode parasites of the genus Trichinella are important foodborne pathogens transmitted by ingestion of striated muscles harbouring infective larvae. Wild carnivorous and omnivorous Animals are the most important reservoirs of these parasites. Hunting activities play an important role in Trichinella spp. epidemiology. The aim of the present work was to assess if serological detection of anti-Trichinella IgG in hunting dogs can be a tool to indirectly monitor Trichinella spp. infections in wildlife. An ELISA and a Western blot (Wb) were developed and validated. To validate the assays, serum samples were collected from 598 dogs considered to be Trichinella-free, 15 naturally infected dogs, and six experimentally infected foxes. Sera were tested by ELISA with Trichinella spiralis excretory/secretory antigens. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of ELISA were 100 % (95 % CI: 83.89–100 %) and 95.65 % (95 % CI: 93.69–97.14 %), respectively. Sera from Trichinella-infected dogs/foxes tested by Wb showed a three-band pattern ranging from 48 to 72 kDa. Since the prevalence of Toxocara canis is very high in dogs, the specificity of the ELISA and Wb was further assessed by testing sera for anti-T. canis IgG using T. canis excretory/secretory antigens. No cross-reactivity was observed. To evaluate the test’s reliability in the field, serum samples were collected from wild boar hunting dogs from Central Italy where Trichinella britovi was circulating among wildlife. Out of 384 hunting dog sera, 189 (49.2 %) tested positive by ELISA and of these, 56 (29.6 %) tested positive by Wb, showing an overall prevalence of 14.6 % (56/384) in the wild boar hunting dog population of the investigated area. The serological prevalence in hunting dogs was significantly (P
Maya Holding - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tick borne encephalitis virus united kingdom
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2020Co-Authors: Maya Holding, Steven T Pullan, Richard Vipond, Mara S Rocchi, Stuart D. Dowall, Jolyon M. Medlock, Daniel Carter, Matthew Baylis, James Lewis, Roger HewsonAbstract:During February 2018-January 2019, we conducted large-scale surveillance for the presence and prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and louping ill virus (LIV) in Sentinel Animals and ticks in the United Kingdom. Serum was collected from 1,309 deer culled across England and Scotland. Overall, 4% of samples were ELISA-positive for the TBEV serocomplex. A focus in the Thetford Forest area had the highest proportion (47.7%) of seropositive samples. Ticks collected from culled deer within seropositive regions were tested for viral RNA; 5 of 2,041 ticks tested positive by LIV/TBEV real-time reverse transcription PCR, all from within the Thetford Forest area. From 1 tick, we identified a full-length genomic sequence of TBEV. Thus, using deer as Sentinels revealed a potential TBEV focus in the United Kingdom. This detection of TBEV genomic sequence in UK ticks has important public health implications, especially for undiagnosed encephalitis.
Chunlei Su - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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epidemiologic significance of toxoplasma gondii infections in chickens gallus domesticus the past decade
Parasitology, 2020Co-Authors: J P Dubey, Hilda Fatima De Jesus Pena, C K Cerqueiracezar, F H A Murata, O C H Kwok, Yurong R Yang, Solange Maria Gennari, Chunlei SuAbstract:Toxoplasma gondii infections are common in humans and Animals worldwide. Domestic free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) are excellent Sentinels of environmental contamination with T. gondii oocysts because they feed on the ground. Chickens can be easily infected with T. gondii; however, clinical toxoplasmosis is rare in these hosts. Chickens are comparatively inexpensive and thus are good Sentinel Animals for T. gondii infections on the farms. Here, the authors reviewed prevalence, the persistence of infection, clinical disease, epidemiology and genetic diversity of T. gondii strains isolated from chickens worldwide for the past decade. Data on phenotypic and molecular characteristics of 794 viable T. gondii strains from chickens are discussed, including new data on T. gondii isolates from chickens in Brazil. This paper will be of interest to biologists, epidemiologists, veterinarians and parasitologists.
Bernard Davoust - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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First Serological Evidence of West Nile Virus in Horses and Dogs from Corsica Island, France
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2017Co-Authors: Marianne Maquart, Patrick Gravier, Isabelle Leparc-goffart, Mustapha Dahmani, Jean-lou Marie, Bernard DavoustAbstract:West Nile virus (WNV) is widely distributed over the world, including Europe, Africa, and Asia and spread over the past two decades to North and South America. In the south of France, sporadic cases are frequently described and the virus is endemic in Italy with frequent cases and outbreaks. The aim of this study was to identify a possible WNV circulation in Corsica (French island in the Mediterranean Sea) in sheep, horses, and dogs as Sentinel Animals for the virus surveillance. In 2014, 386 blood samples were collected from 219 sheep, 96 horses, and 71 dogs, in 12 localities in Corsica, in the oriental coast of Corsica. Each sample was systematically tested for WNV immunoglobulin G using an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) with inactivated WNV as antigen. The result of the ELISA for the WNV antibody test on the sheep sera was all negative, whereas 9 of 96 horses (9.4%) and 6 of 71 dogs (8.4%) presented WNV antibodies. All the positive samples from horses and dogs were confirmed by serum neutralization test. Although no clinical case in humans and horses was reported to date, this report highlights the necessity to improve WNV surveillance in Animals and humans, as well as in blood donors in Corsica.
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Serological Survey of West Nile Virus in Domestic Animals from Northwest Senegal
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2016Co-Authors: Bernard Davoust, Marianne Maquart, Cédric Roqueplo, Patrick Gravier, Masse Sambou, Oleg Mediannikov, Isabelle Leparc-goffartAbstract:In Africa, infection with West Nile virus (WNV) is frequent but almost always asymptomatic in humans and equids. The aim of this study was to identify whether any other domestic animal living in the same enzootic locality may be the Sentinel of WNV circulation. In northwest Senegal, blood samples were collected from 283 adult domestic Animals (136 sheep, 64 horses, 29 donkeys, 29 goats, 14 cattle, and 11 dogs), in three localities near Keur Momar Sarr. Each serum was tested for WNV immunoglobulin G using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The prevalence among donkeys, horses, dogs, goats, cattle, and sheep was 86.2%, 68.7%, 27.3%, 6.9%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. This survey confirms that equids and dogs could be the best Sentinel Animals for surveillance of WNV. The ruminants do not play a role in WNV epidemiology.
